Antitrust Radar

Cross-domain evidence graph

Observatory atlas

Follow documented connections between markets, firms, places, publications, and sources. A connection shows a recorded relationship, not that two measures describe the same market.

Explore the graphRank profilesCompare profiles
More atlas tools4 exact routes
Live family topologyAll declared links

Current focusHealth intermediaries19,193 records / 27 family pairs

All declared links topology centered on Health intermediariesLine width represents declared relationship count. Line color identifies relationship layer. Circle size represents the number of canonical profiles in each family.Places to Indicators: 6,412 declared links. Measurement 6,412.Places to Sources: 3,378 declared links. Measurement 3,378.Places to Places: 3,204 declared links. Measurement 3,204.Industries to Sources: 1,954 declared links. Measurement 1,954.Industries to Industries: 1,849 declared links. Measurement 1,849.Industries to Indicators: 1,576 declared links. Measurement 1,576.Publications to Sources: 169 declared links. Research 169.Places to Publications: 114 declared links. Research 114.Topics to Publications: 97 declared links. Research 97.Topics to Questions: 58 declared links. Research 58.Markets to Products: 55 declared links. Measurement 55.Indicators to Sources: 50 declared links. Measurement 48, Research 2.Questions to Indicators: 46 declared links. Research 46.Markets to Publications: 33 declared links. Research 33.Records to Named entities: 31 declared links. Enforcement 31.Products to Operators: 28 declared links. Organization 28.Markets to Indicators: 21 declared links. Measurement 21.Markets to Sources: 20 declared links. Measurement 20.Markets to Records: 18 declared links. Enforcement 18.Industries to Places: 17 declared links. Measurement 17.Issues to Topics: 16 declared links. Research 16.Records to Sources: 14 declared links. Enforcement 14.Markets to Industries: 12 declared links. Measurement 12.Markets to Issues: 12 declared links. Research 12.Operators to Named entities: 4 declared links. Organization 4.Sources to Sources: 3 declared links. Measurement 3.Products to Named entities: 2 declared links. Organization 2.Markets12Markets: 12 canonical profiles, 171 links in All declared links, 171 links overall. Documented antitrust and screening definitionsProducts55Products: 55 canonical profiles, 85 links in All declared links, 85 links overall. Source-labeled market participantsOperators20Operators: 20 canonical profiles, 32 links in All declared links, 32 links overall. Official product attributionsIndustries1,866Industries: 1,866 canonical profiles, 5,408 links in All declared links, 5,408 links overall. Census hierarchy and screening contextIssues6Issues: 6 canonical profiles, 28 links in All declared links, 28 links overall. Editorial competition research programsTopics8Topics: 8 canonical profiles, 171 links in All declared links, 171 links overall. Institutional research subjects and exact evidence membershipsQuestions46Questions: 46 canonical profiles, 104 links in All declared links, 104 links overall. Public research questions anchored to exact signals and indicatorsPlaces3,270Places: 3,270 canonical profiles, 13,125 links in All declared links, 13,125 links overall. National context, bounded state and local screens, and international regulatory profilesIndicators30Indicators: 30 canonical profiles, 8,105 links in All declared links, 8,105 links overall. Canonical measurement dossiersRecords14Records: 14 canonical profiles, 63 links in All declared links, 63 links overall. Dated official enforcement recordsNamed entities21Named entities: 21 canonical profiles, 37 links in All declared links, 37 links overall. Organizations named in official recordsPublications85Publications: 85 canonical profiles, 413 links in All declared links, 413 links overall. Reports, data dispatches, and international evidence briefsSources45Sources: 45 canonical profiles, 5,588 links in All declared links, 5,588 links overall. Public evidence custody
All declared links compact topology centered on Health intermediariesTap a family or weighted route to inspect its declared neighborhood, then use the dossier action below to open the complete record. Circle size represents canonical profile count.Places to Indicators: 6,412 declared links. Measurement 6,412.Places to Sources: 3,378 declared links. Measurement 3,378.Places to Places: 3,204 declared links. Measurement 3,204.Industries to Sources: 1,954 declared links. Measurement 1,954.Industries to Industries: 1,849 declared links. Measurement 1,849.Industries to Indicators: 1,576 declared links. Measurement 1,576.Publications to Sources: 169 declared links. Research 169.Places to Publications: 114 declared links. Research 114.Topics to Publications: 97 declared links. Research 97.Topics to Questions: 58 declared links. Research 58.Markets to Products: 55 declared links. Measurement 55.Indicators to Sources: 50 declared links. Measurement 48, Research 2.Questions to Indicators: 46 declared links. Research 46.Markets to Publications: 33 declared links. Research 33.Records to Named entities: 31 declared links. Enforcement 31.Products to Operators: 28 declared links. Organization 28.Markets to Indicators: 21 declared links. Measurement 21.Markets to Sources: 20 declared links. Measurement 20.Markets to Records: 18 declared links. Enforcement 18.Industries to Places: 17 declared links. Measurement 17.Issues to Topics: 16 declared links. Research 16.Records to Sources: 14 declared links. Enforcement 14.Markets to Industries: 12 declared links. Measurement 12.Markets to Issues: 12 declared links. Research 12.Operators to Named entities: 4 declared links. Organization 4.Sources to Sources: 3 declared links. Measurement 3.Products to Named entities: 2 declared links. Organization 2.Markets12Markets: 12 canonical profiles, 171 links in All declared links, 171 links overall. Documented antitrust and screening definitionsProducts55Products: 55 canonical profiles, 85 links in All declared links, 85 links overall. Source-labeled market participantsOperators20Operators: 20 canonical profiles, 32 links in All declared links, 32 links overall. Official product attributionsIndustries1.9kIndustries: 1,866 canonical profiles, 5,408 links in All declared links, 5,408 links overall. Census hierarchy and screening contextIssues6Issues: 6 canonical profiles, 28 links in All declared links, 28 links overall. Editorial competition research programsTopics8Topics: 8 canonical profiles, 171 links in All declared links, 171 links overall. Institutional research subjects and exact evidence membershipsQuestions46Questions: 46 canonical profiles, 104 links in All declared links, 104 links overall. Public research questions anchored to exact signals and indicatorsPlaces3.3kPlaces: 3,270 canonical profiles, 13,125 links in All declared links, 13,125 links overall. National context, bounded state and local screens, and international regulatory profilesIndicators30Indicators: 30 canonical profiles, 8,105 links in All declared links, 8,105 links overall. Canonical measurement dossiersRecords14Records: 14 canonical profiles, 63 links in All declared links, 63 links overall. Dated official enforcement recordsNamed entities21Named entities: 21 canonical profiles, 37 links in All declared links, 37 links overall. Organizations named in official recordsPublications85Publications: 85 canonical profiles, 413 links in All declared links, 413 links overall. Reports, data dispatches, and international evidence briefsSources45Sources: 45 canonical profiles, 5,588 links in All declared links, 5,588 links overall. Public evidence custody
Canonical nodes5,4785433 public profiles
Declared edges19,193exact encoded links
Node families13bounded domains
Inferred links0name-only joins
Encoded hereProfile-to-indicator observations, issue-program scope, source custody, market participation, official attribution, declared industry context, publication scope, and dated policy relationships.
Never inferred hereSubstitutability, ownership, control, liability, causation, or comparability across unlike measures.
Read evidence standard

Graph census · All declared links

Who the Atlas connects

Every lane is an exact family-pair contract in the active semantic lens, ranked by encoded edge count.

13 of 13families connectedTop 8 routes carry 97.2% of active-layer edges.

Active-lens edges
19,193
All declared links
Family-pair routes
27
exact family contracts
Cross-family pairs
24
between unlike families
Self-family pairs
3
within one family
Open the complete relationship matrixScan all 91 possible family contracts by edge volume or source custody, including explicit structural zeros.
  1. 01PlacesIndicatorsMeasurement layer · open complete contract dossier6,41233.4%
  2. 02PlacesSourcesMeasurement layer · open complete contract dossier3,37817.6%
  3. 03PlacesPlacesMeasurement layer · open complete contract dossier3,20416.7%
  4. 04IndustriesSourcesMeasurement layer · open complete contract dossier1,95410.2%
  5. 05IndustriesIndustriesMeasurement layer · open complete contract dossier1,8499.6%
  6. 06IndustriesIndicatorsMeasurement layer · open complete contract dossier1,5768.2%
  7. 07PublicationsSourcesResearch layer · open complete contract dossier1690.9%
  8. 08PlacesPublicationsResearch layer · open complete contract dossier1140.6%
Inspect the remaining 19 family-pair routes537 links · 2.8% of active-layer edges
  1. 09TopicsPublicationsResearch layer · open complete contract dossier970.5%
  2. 10TopicsQuestionsResearch layer · open complete contract dossier580.3%
  3. 11MarketsProductsMeasurement layer · open complete contract dossier550.3%
  4. 12IndicatorsSourcesMeasurement + Research layer · open complete contract dossier500.3%
  5. 13QuestionsIndicatorsResearch layer · open complete contract dossier460.2%
  6. 14MarketsPublicationsResearch layer · open complete contract dossier330.2%
  7. 15RecordsNamed entitiesEnforcement layer · open complete contract dossier310.2%
  8. 16ProductsOperatorsOrganization layer · open complete contract dossier280.1%
  9. 17MarketsIndicatorsMeasurement layer · open complete contract dossier210.1%
  10. 18MarketsSourcesMeasurement layer · open complete contract dossier200.1%
  11. 19MarketsRecordsEnforcement layer · open complete contract dossier18<0.1%
  12. 20IndustriesPlacesMeasurement layer · open complete contract dossier17<0.1%
  13. 21IssuesTopicsResearch layer · open complete contract dossier16<0.1%
  14. 22RecordsSourcesEnforcement layer · open complete contract dossier14<0.1%
  15. 23MarketsIndustriesMeasurement layer · open complete contract dossier12<0.1%
  16. 24MarketsIssuesResearch layer · open complete contract dossier12<0.1%
  17. 25OperatorsNamed entitiesOrganization layer · open complete contract dossier4<0.1%
  18. 26SourcesSourcesMeasurement layer · open complete contract dossier3<0.1%
  19. 27ProductsNamed entitiesOrganization layer · open complete contract dossier2<0.1%
Bar length uses a logarithmic scale so low-volume lanes remain visible.Counts and shares describe encoded relationships, not economic importance, substitutability, control, liability, or antitrust harm.

Graph query

Build a declared relationship neighborhood

Network depth
IssuesHealth care intermediariesAll declared links / 2 hops / all neighbors
Semantic classificationAll 39 relationship contracts remain distinctRead ontology

Choose one exact semantic contract to rebuild the topology, neighborhood, diagnostics, ledger, and public exports around only that declared edge type.

Focused evidence graph

Health intermediaries

46 connected nodes in this bounded slice
Visible nodes
46
of 46
Visible edges
63
declared links
Direct links
4
from focus
Hidden nodes
0
plot cap only
Direct neighborhood4
Focused declared relationship network for Health care intermediariesNodes are placed by graph distance from the selected profile. Color identifies node type. Lines identify encoded relationships in the selected semantic lens.Health intermediaries2Health care intermediaries: Bounded markets 2PBMsU.S. pharmacy benefit management: HHI status WithheldIndividual insuranceU.S. ACA individual health insurance: Latest HHI 3,650Market StructureMarket Structure: Publication memberships 9Methods and Publi...Methods and Public Data: Publication memberships 3Direct health and medical insurance carriers: Revenue HHI 649.3Pharmacy benefit management and other third party administration of insurance and pension funds: Revenue HHI 1,633.5Digital platform gateways: Bounded markets 5Communications infrastructure: Bounded markets 2Food systems and buyer power: Bounded markets 1Housing access and local power: Bounded markets 1Transportation networks: Bounded markets 1Which entry, exit, share, switching, price, quality, or capacity evidence can explain the movement inside this exact market boundary?: Herfindahl-Hirschman Index 3,612Which entry, exit, share, switching, price, quality, or capacity evidence can explain the movement inside this exact market boundary?: Herfindahl-Hirschman Index 5,337Which entry, exit, share, switching, price, quality, or capacity evidence can explain the movement inside this exact market boundary?: Herfindahl-Hirschman Index 7,359Which entry, exit, share, switching, price, quality, or capacity evidence can explain the movement inside this exact market boundary?: Herfindahl-Hirschman Index 4,995Which participant-share changes account for the structural movement, and are the denominator and coverage stable across both anchors?: Four-participant concentration ratio 93.8%Which participant-share changes account for the structural movement, and are the denominator and coverage stable across both anchors?: Four-participant concentration ratio 100.0%Which participant-share changes account for the structural movement, and are the denominator and coverage stable across both anchors?: Four-participant concentration ratio 99.4%Which participant-share changes account for the structural movement, and are the denominator and coverage stable across both anchors?: Four-participant concentration ratio 94.4%Which participant-share changes account for the structural movement, and are the denominator and coverage stable across both anchors?: Leading-participant share 50.0%Which participant-share changes account for the structural movement, and are the denominator and coverage stable across both anchors?: Leading-participant share 63.1%Which participant-share changes account for the structural movement, and are the denominator and coverage stable across both anchors?: Leading-participant share 85.2%Which participant-share changes account for the structural movement, and are the denominator and coverage stable across both anchors?: Leading-participant share 68.9%Which entry, exit, share, switching, price, quality, or capacity evidence can explain the movement inside this exact market boundary?: Herfindahl-Hirschman Index 1,501Which entry, exit, share, switching, price, quality, or capacity evidence can explain the movement inside this exact market boundary?: Herfindahl-Hirschman Index 3,550Which participant-share changes account for the structural movement, and are the denominator and coverage stable across both anchors?: Four-participant concentration ratio 85.0%Tracked market HHI: Observation rows 26FTC files administrative complaint against the three largest PBMs: Official stage litigationFTC releases interim staff report on prescription drug middlemen: Official stage monitoringFTC announces proposed consent agreement with Caremark: Official stage remedyFTC announces proposed consent agreement with Express Scripts: Official stage remedyThe U.S. Competition Landscape: Evidence sources 14Latest market-structure signals moved in both directions.: Exact signals 15Five Digital Gateways: Evidence sources 5Four digital usage systems traced four different structural paths.: Exact signals 12How HHI Helps Explain Market Concentration: Evidence sources 3Housing Competition Needs Local Ownership Data: Evidence sources 4Beef Meatpacking Buyer Power: Evidence sources 3Where Public Market-Share Data Runs Out: Evidence sources 2Fixed Broadband Concentration Across Geographic Scales, 2020-2024: Evidence sources 1State Individual Insurance Concentration, 2024: Evidence sources 1State Banking Structure, 2015-2025: Evidence sources 1Individual Insurance Market Competition (HHI by state): Access date 2026-06-23Consumer Price Index, U.S. city average monthly series: Access date 2026-08-13Pharmacy Benefit Managers: The Powerful Middlemen Inflating Drug Costs and Squeezing Main Street Pharmacies: Access date 2026-05-16
Markets12Products55Operators20Industries1866Issues6Topics8Questions46Places3270Indicators30Records14Named entities21Publications85Sources45
IssuesHealth care intermediaries2 separately defined markets / editorial research program
Bounded markets
2
Status
issue program
Declared links
4
Latest year
2024

How do insurer structure, PBM contracting, rebate, formulary, network, and organizational relationships affect competition and patient access across separately measured health-care systems?

Open canonical profile
Analysis handoff1

No indicator row is keyed directly to this profile. These analytical contexts are one declared graph hop away.

Direct relationships4

Direct relationship fingerprint

How Health intermediaries is declared in the Atlas

All declared links / direct focus links / no composite score
Counterparties
4
Unique canonical endpoints
Encoded links
4
Exact focus edges
Source custody
0%
0 source-bearing links
Profile families
2
Direct counterparty types
Counterparty compositionDirect nodes by profile family
Unique endpoints / active layer
Markets2 encoded edges
2
Topics2 encoded edges
2
Declared counterpartiesCarry exact endpoints into deeper analysis
4 available
01
1 edge0 source-bearing
02
1 edge0 source-bearing
03
1 edge0 source-bearing
04
1 edge0 source-bearing
Direct layer mixMeasurement0Organization0Enforcement0Research4
Encoded confidencehigh0medium0bounded4low0

Relationship ledger

Every plotted line remains an inspectable record

63 edges survive the current focus, depth, node-type, layer, and semantic-type contract.

EnforcementRelated policy contextpolicy scope

Records announced remedy terms in the pending administrative matter. The filing does not establish realized savings, changes in PBM market structure, or a basis for calculating the withheld market HHI.

Federal Trade Commission / 2026-07-14boundedSource
EnforcementRelated policy contextpolicy scope

Records announced remedy terms in the pending administrative matter. The filing does not establish realized savings, changes in PBM market structure, or a basis for calculating the withheld market HHI.

Federal Trade Commission / 2026-02-04boundedSource
EnforcementRelated policy contextpolicy scope

Adds alleged conduct and patient-harm context to the PBM profile. The allegations remain distinct from the descriptive concentration evidence and do not supply missing individual shares.

Federal Trade Commission / 2024-09-20boundedSource
EnforcementRelated policy contextpolicy scope

Supplies top-three and top-six concentration facts while leaving individual firm shares unavailable; Antitrust Radar therefore continues to withhold HHI.

Federal Trade Commission / 2024-07-09boundedSource
EnforcementOfficial record sourcerecord source

Pharmacy Benefit Managers: The Powerful Middlemen Inflating Drug Costs and Squeezing Main Street Pharmacies is the custody record encoded for this dated policy event.

Federal Trade CommissionhighSource
MeasurementConsumer price contextconsumer price context

Health insurance is attached to Individual insurance as a broad BLS consumer-price context series. The BLS health-insurance index uses its own retained-earnings method and is not a premium index. It is broad context for the individual-insurance dossier, not a measure of insurer concentration, plan generosity, or market power.

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics / CUUR0000SEMEboundedSource
MeasurementConsumer price contextconsumer price context

Prescription drugs is attached to PBMs as a broad BLS consumer-price context series. Retail prescription-drug prices are attached as consumer context for the PBM dossier; they do not measure PBM services, rebates, spreads, pharmacy reimbursement, margins, or competitive effects.

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics / CUUR0000SEMF01boundedSource
MeasurementIndicator source custodyindicator source

Use the KFF source-reported national HHI as a bounded profile anchor and retain the separately reported jurisdiction measures in the linked geography system.

KFF / Individual Insurance Market Competition (HHI by state)highSource
MeasurementDeclared Census screenindustry screen

U.S. ACA individual health insurance uses NAICS 524114 as declared economy-wide context while preserving a separate product and geographic definition.

Market definition crosswalkhighSource
MeasurementDeclared Census screenindustry screen

U.S. pharmacy benefit management uses NAICS 524292 as declared economy-wide context while preserving a separate product and geographic definition.

Market definition crosswalkhighSource
MeasurementMarket evidence custodymarket source

Individual Insurance Market Competition (HHI by state) supports the profile's definition, observation.

MeasurementMarket evidence custodymarket source

Pharmacy Benefit Managers: The Powerful Middlemen Inflating Drug Costs and Squeezing Main Street Pharmacies supports the profile's definition, observation.

Federal Trade CommissionboundedSource

Showing 8 of 63 exact relationships. The complete filtered ledger remains available in CSV.

51 additional exact edges are available in JSON and CSV.

Graph contract

Relationship families stay separate

The atlas joins routes through encoded custody and context, never through name resemblance or an inferred corporate, legal, or causal relationship.

The atlas exposes only relationships declared in the current public data. A link or issue grouping does not make unlike measures comparable, establish ownership or control, define an antitrust market, assign liability, or show that a policy event caused an economic outcome.

Reusable graph packet

Carry node and edge custody into analysis

The packet preserves node type, canonical route, relationship family, source link, evidence label, confidence, and edge-specific guardrail.

Data CubeExact U.S. ACA individual health insurance observation sliceVizBuilderMarket HHI / trend lensJSON graph/api/public/atlas?focus=issue%3Ahealth-care-intermediariesCSV edge ledgerComplete exact relationship slice
Observatory Atlas | Antitrust Radar