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2022 Economic Census / NAICS 72

Accommodation and food services

The four largest firms in Accommodation and food services accounted for 5.4% of the industry's 2022 sales, value of shipments, or revenue, and its concentration (HHI 13) ranks 12 of 17 sectors in the Economic Census. What is HHI?

National employer-firm concentration for this sector, measured from sales, value of shipments, or revenue. Census categories are statistical groupings, not necessarily antitrust markets.

SectorAccommodation and food servicesMiddle half

Revenue-based HHI

13.2

72
03,500
Same-level median 2335th percentile

National rank

#12

of 17 published

Sector rank

N/A

of 11 published

Largest 4 firms

5.4%

Share of industry revenue

Revenue

$1.2T

Sales, shipments, or revenue

Employer firms

574.9K

574,892

Employment

14M

14,027,520

Four source-bounded systems

Sector evidence passport

Open sector atlas

The passport juxtaposes four source-bounded sector signals for navigation. Each cell retains its own period, denominator, source, and rank universe; the cells are not combined into a sector score, merger rate, legal market, causal estimate, or assessment of competitive harm.

Industry profileAccommodation and food servicesSector · HHI 13.2 · CR4 5.4%

  • GeographyUnited StatesNational firm totals
  • UniverseEmployer firmsFirms with payroll
  • MeasurementRevenue concentrationSales, shipments, or revenue
  • Permitted useScreening onlyNot a legal market definition

Longitudinal sector pulse

How typical detailed industries changed inside Accommodation and food services

Compare six strict-match medians, their publication coverage, and each sector's position among 17 economy-wide rows.

NAICS 72

Median HHI-point change across strict six-digit matches

-1.3 pts#13 highest change of 17 sectors

Economy median

+1.6 ptsAcross sector medians
2017 paired median
14.9
2022 paired median
14.3
Published pairs
10 of 15
Direction mix
4 up / 6 down

Interpretation

The typical published detailed-industry HHI moved -1.3 pts. This distribution statistic is separate from the official broad-sector HHI row.

Classification boundary: 0 changed and 0 new detailed rows remain outside strict deltas.

Open economy sector atlas Detailed change JSONDetailed change CSV
Sector rows summarize strict six-digit NAICS matches. Their medians are not sector HHI values, legal antitrust markets, liability findings, or causal estimates. Vintage medians and the median of row-level changes are distinct distribution statistics and need not reconcile. Publication coverage varies by metric, and revenue changes are nominal.

Census formation and sector context

Monthly formation signals beside annual sector structure

60 monthly observations for the exact NAICS 72 broad-sector contract.
Direct broad-sector join
Business Applications
29,951
Jul 2026 monthly count
Application annual change
+21.7%
Same month one year earlier
U.S. application share
5.2%
Share of national applications
High-propensity mix
100.0%
29,951 applications
Projected formations
3,544
Modeled four-quarter source projection
Establishment entry rate
11.0%
2023 annual BDS rate

Monthly source trajectory

Applications and high-propensity applications

Aug 2021 to Jul 2026
Business ApplicationsHigh-Propensity Business Applications
Sixty-month business application trajectory for Accommodation and food servicesBusiness Applications and the high-propensity subset share one count axis. The chapter describes the selected broad sector.50K37.5K25K12.5K0Aug 2021Nov 2022Feb 2024May 2025Jul 2026
326,860 applications / latest 12 months326,860 high-propensity / latest 12 months

Source clocks

Four releases, three measurement systems

Business Formation Statistics
2026-07
monthly applications and projected formations
Business Dynamics Statistics
2023
annual employer-establishment flows
Economic Census structure
2022
median across detailed-industry HHI rows
Strict concentration history
2017-2022
same-code and same-label detailed pairs
Source custody
Exact broad-sector boundary

NAICS 72 is the exact broad-sector contract used by this chapter. This atlas joins only exact broad-sector NAICS contracts across three separate Census systems: monthly Business Formation Statistics, annual Business Dynamics Statistics, and Economic Census industry structure. The release clocks, populations, denominators, and measures remain distinct. Positions are descriptive context, not composite competition scores, causal estimates, legal antitrust markets, or evidence that applications, entry, concentration, and competitive effects are interchangeable.

BLS labor and payroll context

Leisure + hospitality signals across linked sectors

2 Census sectors share these BLS source-group readings; none is allocated a separate value.
Shared BLS group
Job openings
4.7%
Jun 2026 JOLTS rate
Hires
5.1%
Jun 2026 JOLTS rate
Quits
4.2%
Jun 2026 JOLTS rate
Layoffs + discharges
1.5%
Jun 2026 JOLTS rate
All employees
16.9M
16,931 thousand payroll jobs
Weekly hours
25.4
-0.1 hrs from year earlier
Hourly earnings
$23.63
+3.6% from year earlier

JOLTS worker flows

Openings and quits on native rate scales

Jul 2021 to Jun 2026
Job openings rateQuits rate
Sixty-month JOLTS openings and quits ratesJob openings and quits rates for the mapped Leisure and hospitality source group. The measures keep their published denominators and are not a labor-market power score.12.0%9.0%6.0%3.0%0.0%Jul 2021Oct 2022Jan 2024Apr 2025Jun 2026
-0.9 pp openings / year earlier-0.8 pp quits / year earlier

CES payroll context

Payroll jobs and nominal earnings, indexed

Aug 2021 = 100
Payroll jobsHourly earnings
Sixty-month CES payroll jobs and hourly earnings indexesPayroll jobs and nominal average hourly earnings for the mapped Leisure and hospitality source group, each independently indexed to 100 in the first displayed month. Native levels remain in the readouts.13012111310495Aug 2021Nov 2022Feb 2024May 2025Jul 2026
+0.5% payroll jobs / year earlier+3.6% nominal earnings / year earlier

Declared classification bridge

One profile, two source-owned industry groups

Selected Census parent
NAICS 72
Accommodation and food services
JOLTS group
700000
Leisure and hospitality
CES supersector
70
Leisure and hospitality
Mapped Census sectors
2
71, 72

Independent release clocks

Two monthly systems, no merged series

JOLTS worker flows
2026-06
60 displayed months · latest preliminary
CES payroll context
2026-07
60 displayed months · latest preliminary
Source custody
Shared-group boundary

The selected Accommodation and food services sector (NAICS 72) is one of 2 Census-sector contexts attached to the broader Leisure and hospitality JOLTS and Leisure and hospitality CES groups. Their published values cannot be allocated to this sector alone. JOLTS industry rates describe national labor demand and worker-flow activity in broad BLS industry groups. They do not measure employer concentration, monopsony power, wages, bargaining power, job quality, local labor-market conditions, worker substitutability, a legal labor market, or the competitive cause of a change. The job openings rate uses employment plus openings as its denominator. Hires, quits, and layoffs and discharges use employment. Rates may be compared across published industry groups within the same measure, but different measures must not be added together or treated as a common flow balance. CES employment, hours, and earnings describe national payroll jobs and establishment averages in broad private-industry groups. They do not measure unique workers, vacancies, employer concentration, monopsony power, bargaining power, job quality, a local or occupational labor market, a legal antitrust market, or the competitive cause of a change. All-employee hourly earnings are current-dollar averages and are not adjusted for inflation. Changes can reflect shifts in industry and worker composition. Employment is reported in thousands of payroll jobs, so multiple jobholders may be counted more than once. Compare industries only within the same published measure; do not add or ratio the three measures into a common score. The two releases remain separate and are not combined into a labor-market, monopsony, competition, welfare, or causal score.

BEA industry output context

Accommodation and food in the U.S. value-added map

Exact broad-sector bridge from Census NAICS 72 to BEA line 85.
Exact sector context
GDP share
3.2%
2025 current-dollar composition
Real growth
-0.1%
2026-Q1 annualized BEA convention
Growth contribution
0.00 pp
2026-Q1 contribution to real GDP growth
Real quantity index
104.6
2026-Q1 / 2017=100
Current value added
$1.01T
2026-Q1 seasonally adjusted annual rate

Annual composition trajectory

Share of current-dollar GDP

1997-2025
Accommodation and food annual share of current-dollar GDPBEA value-added share from 1997 through 2025. This is an accounting composition measure, not a market share.4.0%3.3%2.5%1.8%1.0%19972004201120182025
2.6%1997+0.6 pplong-run shift3.2%2025
Source custodyU.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis / 2026-06-25GDP by Industry, value-added tablesOfficial BEA releaseAccess reviewed 2026-08-15
Exact broad-sector boundary

BEA line 85 and Census NAICS 72 share the declared broad-sector classification used by this profile. BEA value added measures an industry's contribution to GDP. It is not sales, gross output, profit, a markup, market share, concentration, a legal antitrust market, or evidence of competitive harm or causation. Current-dollar value-added shares reflect both prices and quantities. Real value added uses chained 2017 dollars and is suitable for growth comparisons, but chained-dollar industry components are not additive. Quarterly levels are seasonally adjusted at annual rates, and quarterly growth and contribution measures retain BEA's published annualized convention. The BEA table contains nested industries, cross-industry aggregates, and addenda. Only the 20 major-industry rows form the composition view; summing those rows with their children, parent aggregates, or addenda would double count activity.

BEA domestic production requirements

Production industries inside the broader Accommodation and food services sector

Parent NAICS 72 supplies a classification directory only; no requirement coefficient is assigned to this narrower profile.
Sector directory only
BEA lines in scope
2
inside NAICS 72
Annual matrices
28
1997-2024
Raw matrix cells
3,976
retained without aggregation
Net requirement
Not constructed
not additive across buyer columns
Own requirement
Not constructed
no sector diagonal constructed

Published production directory

2 BEA industries map to this parent sector

721Accommodation722Food services and drinking places
Source custodyU.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis / 2025-09-25Input-Output Accounts, domestic requirements tablesOfficial BEA tablesAccess reviewed 2026-08-15
Directory boundary

This chapter is a directory of 2 BEA summary industries classified inside parent sector Accommodation and food services (NAICS 72). No coefficient is averaged, summed across buyer columns, or allocated to Accommodation and food services (NAICS 72). A domestic total-requirements coefficient reports the U.S. output required from the supplier-row industry, directly and indirectly, per dollar of output delivered to final use by the buyer-column industry. It is not observed spending, a contract, a firm supplier link, market share, concentration, a legal antitrust market, competitive harm, or causation. Rows are supplying industries and columns are buyer industries delivering output to final use. Reading down a buyer column traces upstream requirements; reading across a supplier row traces the industries whose final-use output requires that supplier. BEA requirements tables use fixed input structures, constant returns to scale, and no input substitution. Coefficients are average, ex-post industry relationships; domestic import adjustments are estimated and do not identify firm-specific sourcing. Diagonal values include an industry's own direct and indirect requirements. Published negative coefficients are retained as accounting adjustments and must not be ranked as positive supply requirements.

Longitudinal sector profile

Business formation and job flows since 1978

46 annual BDS records compare Accommodation and food services with the national series while preserving the BDS universe.
Accommodation and food services
11.04%
2023 sector rate
United States
10.608%
2023 national rate
Sector gap
+0.432 pp
Above U.S. rate
Joined-sector rank
#8
of 17 by magnitude

Establishment entry rate

Accommodation and food services and the United States

Entering establishments as a share of the Census BDS establishment denominator.
Accommodation and food servicesUnited States
2023Accommodation and food services11.040%United States10.608%Gap +0.432 pp
1978: United States 15.146%; Accommodation and food services 18.294%1979: United States 13.970%; Accommodation and food services 16.921%1980: United States 12.806%; Accommodation and food services 15.734%1981: United States 12.797%; Accommodation and food services 15.600%1982: United States 12.464%; Accommodation and food services 15.110%1983: United States 13.389%; Accommodation and food services 17.076%1984: United States 14.534%; Accommodation and food services 16.460%1985: United States 13.810%; Accommodation and food services 16.436%1986: United States 14.095%; Accommodation and food services 17.732%1987: United States 14.325%; Accommodation and food services 18.407%1988: United States 13.959%; Accommodation and food services 17.068%1989: United States 13.368%; Accommodation and food services 16.143%1990: United States 12.683%; Accommodation and food services 15.399%1991: United States 12.358%; Accommodation and food services 14.515%1992: United States 11.577%; Accommodation and food services 14.407%1993: United States 11.509%; Accommodation and food services 13.511%1994: United States 11.885%; Accommodation and food services 13.699%1995: United States 12.058%; Accommodation and food services 14.261%1996: United States 11.795%; Accommodation and food services 13.958%1997: United States 12.200%; Accommodation and food services 14.457%1998: United States 11.438%; Accommodation and food services 12.014%1999: United States 11.115%; Accommodation and food services 11.653%2000: United States 10.848%; Accommodation and food services 11.067%2001: United States 10.990%; Accommodation and food services 11.694%2002: United States 11.911%; Accommodation and food services 13.856%2003: United States 11.425%; Accommodation and food services 13.091%2004: United States 11.511%; Accommodation and food services 12.927%2005: United States 11.615%; Accommodation and food services 13.463%2006: United States 12.495%; Accommodation and food services 13.765%2007: United States 11.761%; Accommodation and food services 13.954%2008: United States 10.307%; Accommodation and food services 12.578%2009: United States 9.281%; Accommodation and food services 11.375%2010: United States 9.495%; Accommodation and food services 10.944%2011: United States 9.886%; Accommodation and food services 10.646%2012: United States 10.018%; Accommodation and food services 10.977%2013: United States 9.807%; Accommodation and food services 11.187%2014: United States 9.906%; Accommodation and food services 10.568%2015: United States 10.025%; Accommodation and food services 10.605%2016: United States 10.194%; Accommodation and food services 11.207%2017: United States 9.675%; Accommodation and food services 10.935%2018: United States 9.414%; Accommodation and food services 10.161%2019: United States 9.613%; Accommodation and food services 10.281%2020: United States 9.637%; Accommodation and food services 9.923%2021: United States 10.845%; Accommodation and food services 10.301%2022: United States 11.651%; Accommodation and food services 12.214%2023: United States 10.608%; Accommodation and food services 11.040%
1978
18.294%
-7.254 pp to latest
2018
10.161%
Higher than 2018
Series high / 1987
18.407%
Highest published rate
Series low / 2020
9.923%
Lowest published rate

Exact annual series

Sector and national values

2023 back to 1978
Establishment entry rate for Accommodation and food services and the United States, with the sector-minus-national gap.
Year72United StatesGap
202311.04%10.608%+0.432 pp
202212.214%11.651%+0.563 pp
202110.301%10.845%-0.544 pp
20209.923%9.637%+0.286 pp
201910.281%9.613%+0.668 pp
201810.161%9.414%+0.747 pp
201710.935%9.675%+1.26 pp
201611.207%10.194%+1.013 pp
201510.605%10.025%+0.58 pp
201410.568%9.906%+0.662 pp
201311.187%9.807%+1.38 pp
201210.977%10.018%+0.959 pp
201110.646%9.886%+0.76 pp
201010.944%9.495%+1.449 pp
200911.375%9.281%+2.094 pp
200812.578%10.307%+2.271 pp
200713.954%11.761%+2.193 pp
200613.765%12.495%+1.27 pp
200513.463%11.615%+1.848 pp
200412.927%11.511%+1.416 pp
200313.091%11.425%+1.666 pp
200213.856%11.911%+1.945 pp
200111.694%10.99%+0.704 pp
200011.067%10.848%+0.219 pp
199911.653%11.115%+0.538 pp
199812.014%11.438%+0.576 pp
199714.457%12.2%+2.257 pp
199613.958%11.795%+2.163 pp
199514.261%12.058%+2.203 pp
199413.699%11.885%+1.814 pp
199313.511%11.509%+2.002 pp
199214.407%11.577%+2.83 pp
199114.515%12.358%+2.157 pp
199015.399%12.683%+2.716 pp
198916.143%13.368%+2.775 pp
198817.068%13.959%+3.109 pp
198718.407%14.325%+4.082 pp
198617.732%14.095%+3.637 pp
198516.436%13.81%+2.626 pp
198416.46%14.534%+1.926 pp
198317.076%13.389%+3.687 pp
198215.11%12.464%+2.646 pp
198115.6%12.797%+2.803 pp
198015.734%12.806%+2.928 pp
197916.921%13.97%+2.951 pp
197818.294%15.146%+3.148 pp

Sector structure lab

Map concentration inside Accommodation and food services

Each bubble is one six-digit industry. Horizontal position is revenue-based HHI, vertical position is CR4, and bubble area follows the selected economic scale.

Detailed industries15Six-digit rows
Median HHI1511 published
Median CR48.0%15 published
HHI 2,500+0Detailed rows
Published weight46.1%Revenue in chart

Bubble area = revenue

11 rows have both HHI and CR4 / 4 HHI values withheld

Top-five revenue share / 90.0%
NAICS 721120: Casino hotels; HHI 465.5; CR4 35.3%; Revenue $75.9B; 6.35% of sectorNAICS 722310: Food service contractors; HHI 1,318.8; CR4 62.3%; Revenue $50.9B; 4.25% of sectorNAICS 722410: Drinking places (alcoholic beverages); HHI 3; CR4 2.6%; Revenue $33.7B; 2.81% of sectorNAICS 722320: Caterers; HHI 7.3; CR4 4.1%; Revenue $13B; 1.08% of sectorNAICS 722514: Cafeterias, grill buffets, and buffets; HHI 25.8; CR4 8.0%; Revenue $5.7B; 0.48% of sectorNAICS 721211: RV (recreational vehicle) parks and campgrounds; HHI 59.6; CR4 13.3%; Revenue $4.3B; 0.36% of sectorNAICS 721214: Recreational and vacation camps (except campgrounds); HHI 15; CR4 5.3%; Revenue $3.7B; 0.31% of sectorNAICS 722330: Mobile food services; HHI 1.8; CR4 1.5%; Revenue $3B; 0.25% of sectorNAICS 721310: Rooming and boarding houses, dormitories, and workers' camps; HHI 492.8; CR4 39.3%; Revenue $2B; 0.16% of sectorNAICS 721191: Bed-and-breakfast inns; HHI 6.2; CR4 2.3%; Revenue $1.2B; 0.10% of sectorNAICS 722513: Limited-service restaurants; HHI 13.5; CR4 5.7%; Revenue $358.9B; 30.00% of sector
0-499500-9991,000-1,4991,500-2,4992,500+Withheld

Disclosure lane

Rows missing HHI or CR4 stay outside the numerical plane.

4 rows / 53.9% of revenue
722511Full-service restaurants$372.8B / 31.16%721110Hotels (except casino hotels) and motels$206.2B / 17.24%722515Snack and nonalcoholic beverage bars$62.8B / 5.25%721199All other traveler accommodation$2.5B / 0.21%

Active detailed industry

Limited-service restaurantsNAICS 722513
HHI13.5
CR45.7%
Revenue$358.9B#2 / 30.00% of sector
Open evidence profile

Largest by revenue

Hover or focus to inspect

Top 8
01Full-service restaurants722511$372.8B31.2%02Limited-service restaurants722513$358.9B30.0%03Hotels (except casino hotels) and motels721110$206.2B17.2%04Casino hotels721120$75.9B6.3%05Snack and nonalcoholic beverage bars722515$62.8B5.3%06Food service contractors722310$50.9B4.3%07Drinking places (alcoholic beverages)722410$33.7B2.8%08Caterers722320$13B1.1%

Continue analysis

Compare top fourCurrent revenue leadersSector JSON15 detailed rowsSector CSVNotebook-ready packet

Bubble size describes economic weight inside this NAICS sector. HHI and CR4 remain national statistical screens, not product-market definitions or findings of market power.

Sector intelligence dossier

From industry structure to antitrust evidence

Join the Census screen for Accommodation and food services to descendant curated markets, public enforcement records, research outputs, and the next evidence queue.

Observatory coverage

Research coverage gap

NAICS 72 / national sector screen

Detailed industries

15

11 HHI published

Curated markets

0

0 exact NAICS crosswalks

Policy actions

0

0 linked reports

Evidence sources

0

0 Census HHI at 2,500+

Explicit research gap

No descendant market dossier is curated yet

The sector remains fully available as a Census structure screen. Product boundaries, geographic scope, and market-specific public sources still need to be assembled before a legal-market bridge can be published.

Market-definition protocol

Start with published Census signals

722310Food service contractors1,318.8721310Rooming and boarding houses, dormitories, and workers' camps492.8721120Casino hotels465.5

Descendant NAICS codes provide a research crosswalk only. They do not make a curated product and geographic market equivalent to its Census industry, and market metrics are never aggregated into a sector score.

Review method

Firm concentration ladder

How much revenue the largest firms hold

Each rung widens the group of largest firms included in the Census concentration ratio.

CR4Four largest firms5.4%
CR8Eight largest firms8.4%
CR20Twenty largest firms13.3%
CR50Fifty largest firms18.8%

Same-level benchmark

Position in the hierarchy

MeasureThis rowMedian
HHI13.223
CR45.4%6.9%
Revenue$1.2T$1.3T
Firms574.9K265.5K

HHI distance from median

-9.8

NAICS hierarchy

Move up or down the classification tree

Level 2 of 6
72 Accommodation and food services

Direct child categories

721Accommodation722Food services and drinking places

Federal merger-review composition

Where NAICS 72 appears in HSR review releases

Each release aggregates its own published acquired-entity 3-digit rows. Volume, review stages, labels, denominators, and source custody remain separate from the Census concentration screen.

Open filtered HSR atlas

FY2023 sector aggregate

Accommodation and food services

2 published 3-digit rows

Exact code + normalized label
14adjusted transactionsRank 16 of 19classified HSR sectors
Published share
0.8%
of adjusted release transactions
Agency clearances
1
0.5% of release / rank 14
Second Requests
0
0.0% of release / rank 9
Intra-industry flags
0
0.0% of release / rank 15

FY2024 sector aggregate

Accommodation and food services

2 published 3-digit rows

Exact code + normalized label
21adjusted transactionsRank 15 of 19classified HSR sectors
Published share
1.1%
of adjusted release transactions
Agency clearances
0
0.0% of release / rank 17
Second Requests
1
1.7% of release / rank 13
Intra-industry flags
2
2.5% of release / rank 10

Adjacent-release shift

Stable HSR sector code and label

FY2023 to FY2024

Exact HSR sector code 72 is published in FY2023 and FY2024 with a stable source label. The deltas compare adjacent release aggregates without recoding their 3-digit rows.

Transactions
+7
Published share
+0.3 pp
Clearances
-1
Second Requests
+1
Intra-industry
+2
Published rows
0

Interpretation boundary

This bridge joins only the exact broad-sector NAICS code published by both sources. The 2022 Economic Census sector row measures economy-wide employer-firm structure, while each HSR sector aggregate sums the release's published acquired-entity 3-digit rows. The shared code does not define a legal antitrust market, measure a sector merger rate, establish competitive harm, or score agency performance.

Intra-industry field

An intra-industry transaction means the acquiring and acquired persons both reported revenue in the same 3-digit NAICS code. It does not establish a horizontal overlap, relevant antitrust market, or competitive effect.

Nearest structural neighbors

Comparable fingerprints across the economy

Smallest mean national-percentile gaps across HHI, CR4, CR8, revenue, employment, and employer firms, using the same published dimensions as this row.

Evidence access

Reuse this exact row

Filtered JSONNAICS 72Download CSVOne-row data packetCensus source archiveEC2200SIZECONCEN

Source citation

U.S. Census Bureau, 2022 Economic Census, EC2200SIZECONCEN: Selected Sectors - Concentration of Largest Firms for the United States, released April 2025.

Industry screen, not market conclusion

A NAICS industry is a statistical classification, not a legally defined antitrust market. Use these national revenue concentration measures to screen where deeper product and geographic market analysis may be warranted, not to infer market power or liability.

Market definition method
Accommodation and food services industry concentration (NAICS 72) | Antitrust Radar