Antitrust Radar

International regulatory benchmark / OECD

Spain PMR Profile

Compare published OECD product-market regulation indicators within their stated reference periods. Regulatory scores describe encoded policy settings, not observed market outcomes.

Compare nine OECD-published regulatory indicators across 55 economies. Lower values indicate fewer encoded barriers on the OECD 0-6 scale; they do not measure concentration or enforcement performance.
Explore atlasAll economiesPolicy systemsJSONCSV
Spain geographic locatorSpain is highlighted on Natural Earth world geography. The locator establishes geographic identity and does not encode a metric.
Selected economyESP / SpainOECD / Natural Earth 1:110m / identity, not PMR
Overall PMR
1.163
OECD aggregate / 0-6
Lower-barrier rank
12 / 55
ascending current value
Reference date
2023
Jan 1, 2023
Comparable change
0.000
No rounded change
ESPSpainJoined evidence / 2 / 2 source lanes
CompareOpen shared workspaceEvidence briefOpen research note

International comparison workspace

Regulations impact evaluation55 visible economies / lower value means fewer encoded barriers

World distribution

Impact evaluation across 55 economies

OECD medium-level indicator covering assessment of competitive impacts and stakeholder interaction.
Fewer encoded barriersImpact evaluation rangesMore encoded barriers
  1. < 1.00
  2. 1.00-1.24
  3. 1.25-1.49
  4. 1.50-1.74
  5. 1.75-2.24
  6. 2.25-2.74
  7. 2.75+
No PMR value / filtered
Regulations impact evaluation world mapLinked economy geometries colored by the current OECD Product Market Regulation value. Lower values use green and higher values use red.Afghanistan: no PMR valueAlbania: no PMR valueAlgeria: no PMR valueAngola: no PMR valueArgentina: 3.400 Impact evaluationArmenia: 2.500 Impact evaluationAustralia: 1.311 Impact evaluationAustria: 1.725 Impact evaluationAzerbaijan: no PMR valueBahamas: no PMR valueBangladesh: no PMR valueBelarus: no PMR valueBelgium: 2.433 Impact evaluationBelize: no PMR valueBenin: no PMR valueBhutan: no PMR valueBolivia: no PMR valueBosnia and Herzegovina: no PMR valueBotswana: no PMR valueBrazil: 2.912 Impact evaluationBrunei Darussalam: no PMR valueBulgaria: 2.200 Impact evaluationBurkina Faso: no PMR valueBurundi: no PMR valueCambodia: no PMR valueCameroon: no PMR valueCanada: 1.388 Impact evaluationCentral African Republic: no PMR valueChad: no PMR valueChile: 1.300 Impact evaluationChina: 4.625 Impact evaluationColombia: 2.612 Impact evaluationCosta Rica: 2.700 Impact evaluationCôte d'Ivoire: no PMR valueCroatia: 1.900 Impact evaluationCuba: no PMR valueCyprus: 1.682 Impact evaluationCzechia: 1.611 Impact evaluationDem. Rep. Korea: no PMR valueDemocratic Republic of the Congo: no PMR valueDenmark: 2.275 Impact evaluationDjibouti: no PMR valueDominican Republic: no PMR valueEcuador: no PMR valueEgypt: no PMR valueEl Salvador: no PMR valueEquatorial Guinea: no PMR valueEritrea: no PMR valueEstonia: 1.075 Impact evaluationEthiopia: no PMR valueFalkland Islands / Malvinas: no PMR valueFiji: no PMR valueFinland: 1.263 Impact evaluationFrance: 0.925 Impact evaluationFrench Southern and Antarctic Lands: no PMR valueGabon: no PMR valueGeorgia: no PMR valueGermany: 1.225 Impact evaluationGhana: no PMR valueGreece: 2.362 Impact evaluationGreenland: no PMR valueGuatemala: no PMR valueGuinea: no PMR valueGuinea-Bissau: no PMR valueGuyana: no PMR valueHaiti: no PMR valueHonduras: no PMR valueHungary: 3.286 Impact evaluationIceland: 2.537 Impact evaluationIndia: no PMR valueIndonesia: 3.625 Impact evaluationIran: no PMR valueIraq: no PMR valueIreland: 1.000 Impact evaluationIsrael: 1.750 Impact evaluationItaly: 2.025 Impact evaluationJamaica: no PMR valueJapan: 1.825 Impact evaluationJordan: no PMR valueKazakhstan: no PMR valueKenya: 3.250 Impact evaluationKingdom of eSwatini: no PMR valueKosovo: no PMR valueKuwait: no PMR valueKyrgyzstan: no PMR valueLao PDR: no PMR valueLatvia: 1.367 Impact evaluationLebanon: no PMR valueLesotho: no PMR valueLiberia: no PMR valueLibya: no PMR valueLithuania: 0.888 Impact evaluationLuxembourg: 3.850 Impact evaluationMadagascar: no PMR valueMalawi: no PMR valueMalaysia: no PMR valueMali: no PMR valueMauritania: no PMR valueMexico: 1.350 Impact evaluationMoldova: 1.600 Impact evaluationMongolia: no PMR valueMontenegro: no PMR valueMorocco: 5.350 Impact evaluationMozambique: no PMR valueMyanmar: no PMR valueNamibia: no PMR valueNepal: no PMR valueNetherlands: 1.600 Impact evaluationNew Caledonia: no PMR valueNew Zealand: 2.475 Impact evaluationNicaragua: no PMR valueNiger: no PMR valueNigeria: no PMR valueNorth Macedonia: no PMR valueNorthern Cyprus: no PMR valueNorway: 1.911 Impact evaluationOman: no PMR valuePakistan: no PMR valuePalestine: no PMR valuePanama: no PMR valuePapua New Guinea: no PMR valueParaguay: no PMR valuePeru: 0.375 Impact evaluationPhilippines: no PMR valuePoland: 0.475 Impact evaluationPortugal: 2.988 Impact evaluationPuerto Rico: no PMR valueQatar: no PMR valueKorea: 0.900 Impact evaluationRepublic of the Congo: no PMR valueRomania: 2.350 Impact evaluationRussian Federation: no PMR valueRwanda: no PMR valueSaudi Arabia: no PMR valueSenegal: no PMR valueSerbia: no PMR valueSierra Leone: no PMR valueSlovak Republic: 2.275 Impact evaluationSlovenia: 1.825 Impact evaluationSolomon Islands: no PMR valueSomalia: no PMR valueSomaliland: no PMR valueSouth Africa: 4.150 Impact evaluationSouth Sudan: no PMR valueSpain: 1.525 Impact evaluationSri Lanka: no PMR valueSudan: no PMR valueSuriname: no PMR valueSweden: 1.525 Impact evaluationSwitzerland: 1.750 Impact evaluationSyria: no PMR valueChinese Taipei: 2.575 Impact evaluationTajikistan: no PMR valueTanzania: no PMR valueThailand: 2.800 Impact evaluationThe Gambia: no PMR valueTimor-Leste: no PMR valueTogo: no PMR valueTrinidad and Tobago: no PMR valueTunisia: no PMR valueTürkiye: 3.438 Impact evaluationTurkmenistan: no PMR valueUganda: no PMR valueUkraine: no PMR valueUnited Arab Emirates: no PMR valueUnited Kingdom: 1.388 Impact evaluationUnited States: 2.050 Impact evaluationUruguay: no PMR valueUzbekistan: no PMR valueVanuatu: no PMR valueVenezuela: no PMR valueVietnam: no PMR valueWestern Sahara: no PMR valueYemen: no PMR valueZambia: no PMR valueZimbabwe: no PMR valueMalta: 2.425 Impact evaluation
Natural Earth 1:110m / 176 geometriesOECD update: May 2026Borders are geographic context, not policy positions.

Published indicator architecture

Spain component ledger

One OECD aggregate, two high-level indicators, and six medium-level indicators. Bars share the source's 0-6 scale.
AOverall PMROverall Product Market Regulation1.1631.47812 / 55-0.024HState involvementDistortions induced by state involvement1.3241.46722 / 55-0.082HEntry barriersBarriers to domestic and foreign entry1.0031.4117 / 55+0.033MPublic ownershipDistortions induced by public ownership1.1701.22423 / 550.000MBusiness operationsInvolvement in business operations1.2771.24831 / 55-0.245MImpact evaluationRegulations impact evaluation1.5251.91116 / 550.000MAdministrative burdenAdministrative and regulatory burden1.1941.86910 / 55+0.363MService and network barriersBarriers in service and network sectors1.4351.84917 / 55-0.161MTrade and investmentBarriers to trade and investment0.3790.53211 / 55-0.101
Current valueAll-economy medianRecalculated 2018

Interpretation boundary

A regulatory benchmark, not a competition verdict

The atlas preserves what this source can answer and keeps unlike evidence systems separate.

What the indicators encode

OECD questionnaire responses and coded laws and regulations, aggregated under the 2023 PMR methodology.

What they do not establish

Observed market concentration, market definition, legal liability, enforcement quality, consumer outcomes, or causal effects.

Why dates differ

Each economy retains the exact date of the laws and regulations encoded in the workbook; current rows span 2023-2025.

Why 2018 is comparable

Only OECD's recalculated 2018 sheet is used. The discontinued old-methodology sheet is excluded from the observatory.

Canonical economy dossiers

Browse all 55 profiles

Every current economy has a stable route, exact source dates, the nine-measure ledger, and reusable JSON and CSV.
ARGArgentinaOECD-WBGARMArmeniaOECD-WBGAUSAustraliaOECDAUTAustriaOECDBELBelgiumOECDBRABrazilOECDBGRBulgariaOECDCANCanadaOECDCHLChileOECDCHNChinaOECD-WBGTWNChinese TaipeiOECDCOLColombiaOECD-WBGCRICosta RicaOECD-WBGHRVCroatiaOECDCYPCyprusOECDCZECzechiaOECDDNKDenmarkOECDESTEstoniaOECDFINFinlandOECDFRAFranceOECDDEUGermanyOECDGRCGreeceOECDHUNHungaryOECDISLIcelandOECDIDNIndonesiaOECDIRLIrelandOECDISRIsraelOECDITAItalyOECDJPNJapanOECDKENKenyaOECD-WBGKORKoreaOECDLVALatviaOECDLTULithuaniaOECDLUXLuxembourgOECDMLTMaltaOECDMEXMexicoOECDMDAMoldovaOECD-WBGMARMoroccoOECD-WBGNLDNetherlandsOECDNZLNew ZealandOECDNORNorwayOECDPERPeruOECD-WBGPOLPolandOECDPRTPortugalOECDROURomaniaOECDSVKSlovak RepublicOECDSVNSloveniaOECDZAFSouth AfricaOECDESPSpainOECDSWESwedenOECDCHESwitzerlandOECDTHAThailandOECD-ADBTURTürkiyeOECDGBRUnited KingdomOECDUSAUnited StatesOECD