Antitrust Radar

Domestic requirements atlas / 1997-2024

U.S. Production Network

What the U.S. production system requires for Data processing, internet publishing, and other information servicesEach coefficient is domestic supplier output required directly and indirectly per dollar of buyer-industry output delivered to final use. This is an accounting network, not a map of firms or contracts.
Net requirement
$1.616
Domestic output per $1 final use
Largest external
5412OP
0.1082 / Other professional, s...
Own requirement
1.049
Diagonal includes direct and indirect own-industry output
Matrix custody
71 x 71
28 complete annual matrices
Read direction
Current slice
2024 production requirements network for Data processing, internet publishing, and other information servicesThe twenty strongest positive external coefficients, with line width proportional to the BEA domestic total-requirements coefficient. The center ring reports the selected industry's own requirement.Own-industry requirement: 1.049514Data processing...self 1.049Other professional, sci...5412OP / 0.1082Administrative and supp...561 / 0.0735Other real estateORE / 0.0484Broadcasting and teleco...513 / 0.0368Rental and leasing serv...532RL / 0.0321credit intermediation,...521CI / 0.0252Computer systems design...5415 / 0.0223Wholesale trade42 / 0.0183Legal services5411 / 0.0166Management of companies...55 / 0.0147Insurance carriers acti...524 / 0.0127Publishing, except inte...511 / 0.0117Utilities22 / 0.0108Other transportation an...487OS / 0.0106Food services and drink...722 / 0.00949Other services, except...81 / 0.00743Accommodation721 / 0.00718State and local governm...GSLE / 0.00643Construction23 / 0.00638Chemical products325 / 0.00595
Read down the buyer column. Rows are supplying industries and columns are buyer industries delivering output to final use. Reading down a buyer column traces upstream requirements; reading across a supplier row traces the industries whose final-use output requires that supplier.$1.616 positive requirements including the diagonal
A domestic total-requirements coefficient reports the U.S. output required from the supplier-row industry, directly and indirectly, per dollar of output delivered to final use by the buyer-column industry. It is not observed spending, a contract, a firm supplier link, market share, concentration, a legal antitrust market, competitive harm, or causation.BEA requirements tables use fixed input structures, constant returns to scale, and no input substitution. Coefficients are average, ex-post industry relationships; domestic import adjustments are estimated and do not identify firm-specific sourcing. Diagonal values include an industry's own direct and indirect requirements. Published negative coefficients are retained as accounting adjustments and must not be ranked as positive supply requirements.Requirements are gross-output coefficients, not GDP or fiscal multipliers. Compare coefficients within a consistent release and industry basis; changes can reflect technology, prices, sourcing, classification, and revisions.

2024 production composition

The major-industry structure behind one final-use dollar

Positive domestic requirements for Data processing, internet publishing, and other information services, grouped by the supplier industry's BEA major-industry parent.
Information68.1%
Professional services9.1%
01Information1.100568.1%
02Professional services0.14719.1%
03Real estate0.08055.0%
04Administrative services0.07584.7%
05Manufacturing0.04572.8%
06Finance0.04242.6%
07Transportation0.02641.6%
08Wholesale0.01831.1%
09Accommodation and food0.01671.0%
10Company management0.01470.9%
11Utilities0.01080.7%
12Government0.01040.6%
13Other services0.0074260.5%
14Construction0.0063840.4%
15Arts and recreation0.0054960.3%
16Mining0.0046690.3%
17Retail0.0017240.1%
18Agriculture0.0011740.1%
19Education0.0001260.0%
20Health care0.0000240.0%

1997-2024 coefficient change

The relationships that moved most

Change is arithmetic difference in the same supplier-buyer coefficient within the pinned BEA release. It can reflect technology, prices, sourcing, classification, or revisions and is not a causal estimate.
01
Miscellaneous professional, scientific, and technical services5412OP / Professional services
0.04300.1082+0.065202
Administrative and support services561 / Administrative services
0.03390.0735+0.039603
Other real estateORE / Real estate
0.01980.0484+0.028704
Rental and leasing services and lessors of intangible assets532RL / Real estate
0.01740.0321+0.014705
Printing and related support activities323 / Manufacturing
0.01940.005909-0.013406
Computer systems design and related services5415 / Professional services
0.0095760.0223+0.012807
Computer and electronic products334 / Manufacturing
0.01270.003300-0.00936408
Legal services5411 / Professional services
0.0089180.0166+0.00766109
Fabricated metal products332 / Manufacturing
0.01340.005936-0.00746110
Insurance carriers and related activities524 / Finance
0.0060600.0127+0.00659411
Paper products322 / Manufacturing
0.0090270.002449-0.00657712
Machinery333 / Manufacturing
0.0089650.002496-0.006469

Classification directory

Seventy-one production industries inside twenty major groups

These are classification bridges only. The observatory does not sum coefficients across buyer columns or turn a broad NAICS sector into an unpublished production requirement.
BEA major line 3 / 2 industriesAgriculture111CA, 113FFBEA major line 6 / 3 industriesMining211, 212, 213BEA major line 10 / 1 industryUtilities22BEA major line 11 / 1 industryConstruction23BEA major line 12 / 19 industriesManufacturing321, 327, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 3361MV, 3364OT, 337, 339, 311FT, 313TT, 315AL, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326BEA major line 34 / 1 industryWholesale42BEA major line 35 / 4 industriesRetail441, 445, 452, 4A0BEA major line 40 / 8 industriesTransportation481, 482, 483, 484, 485, 486, 487OS, 493BEA major line 49 / 4 industriesInformation511, 512, 513, 514BEA major line 55 / 4 industriesFinance521CI, 523, 524, 525BEA major line 60 / 3 industriesReal estateHS, ORE, 532RLBEA major line 66 / 3 industriesProfessional services5411, 5415, 5412OPBEA major line 70 / 1 industryCompany management55BEA major line 71 / 2 industriesAdministrative services561, 562BEA major line 75 / 1 industryEducation61BEA major line 76 / 4 industriesHealth care621, 622, 623, 624BEA major line 82 / 2 industriesArts and recreation711AS, 713BEA major line 85 / 2 industriesAccommodation and food721, 722BEA major line 88 / 1 industryOther services81
BEA major line 89 / 5 industriesGovernmentGFGD, GFGN, GFE, GSLG, GSLE

Reading standard

Four rules for using the network

01

Follow row to column

Supplier rows feed buyer columns. A buyer column is the domestic output required directly and indirectly for one dollar delivered to final use.

02

Keep the fixed-technology model

Requirements assume fixed input structures, constant returns, and no substitution. They describe average ex-post accounting relationships.

03

Do not infer firms or bottlenecks

A coefficient is not a purchase, contract, firm supplier link, market share, switching cost, criticality measure, or legal market.

04

Retain zeroes and adjustments

Structural zeroes and published negative accounting adjustments remain visible. Negative values never enter positive relationship rankings.

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