Antitrust Radar

International regulatory benchmark / OECD

Spain PMR Profile

Compare published OECD product-market regulation indicators within their stated reference periods. Regulatory scores describe encoded policy settings, not observed market outcomes.

Compare nine OECD-published regulatory indicators across 55 economies. Lower values indicate fewer encoded barriers on the OECD 0-6 scale; they do not measure concentration or enforcement performance.
Explore atlasAll economiesPolicy systemsJSONCSV
Spain geographic locatorSpain is highlighted on Natural Earth world geography. The locator establishes geographic identity and does not encode a metric.
Selected economyESP / SpainOECD / Natural Earth 1:110m / identity, not PMR
Overall PMR
1.163
OECD aggregate / 0-6
Lower-barrier rank
12 / 55
ascending current value
Reference date
2023
Jan 1, 2023
Comparable change
-0.024
Lower than recalculated 2018
ESPSpainJoined evidence / 2 / 2 source lanes
CompareOpen shared workspaceEvidence briefOpen research note

International comparison workspace

Overall Product Market Regulation55 visible economies / lower value means fewer encoded barriers

Current lower-barrier order

Overall PMR ranking

OECD-published economy-wide aggregate on a 0-6 scale; lower values encode a more competition-friendly regulatory framework.
  1. 1SwedenSWE / OECD0.806
  2. 2LithuaniaLTU / OECD0.855
  3. 3United KingdomGBR / OECD0.897
  4. 4IrelandIRL / OECD0.903
  5. 5NetherlandsNLD / OECD0.910
  6. 6EstoniaEST / OECD0.919
  7. 7FinlandFIN / OECD1.012
  8. 8NorwayNOR / OECD1.023
  9. 9DenmarkDNK / OECD1.049
  10. 10PolandPOL / OECD1.066
  11. 11SloveniaSVN / OECD1.133
  12. 12SpainESP / OECD1.163
  13. 13LatviaLVA / OECD1.181
  14. 14GermanyDEU / OECD1.208
  15. 15CzechiaCZE / OECD1.211
  16. 16FranceFRA / OECD1.230
  17. 17ItalyITA / OECD1.231
  18. 18BulgariaBGR / OECD1.310
  19. 19PeruPER / OECD-WBG1.325
  20. 20SwitzerlandCHE / OECD1.328
  21. 21Slovak RepublicSVK / OECD1.331
  22. 22AustraliaAUS / OECD1.347
  23. 23ChileCHL / OECD1.347
  24. 24KoreaKOR / OECD1.354
  25. 25CroatiaHRV / OECD1.356
  26. 26GreeceGRC / OECD1.360
  27. 27New ZealandNZL / OECD1.362
  28. 28BelgiumBEL / OECD1.478
  29. 29CanadaCAN / OECD1.500
  30. 30AustriaAUT / OECD1.510
  31. 31IcelandISL / OECD1.530
  32. 32PortugalPRT / OECD1.534
  33. 33IsraelISR / OECD1.565
  34. 34United StatesUSA / OECD1.579
  35. 35HungaryHUN / OECD1.593
  36. 36JapanJPN / OECD1.604
  37. 37CyprusCYP / OECD1.649
  38. 38MoldovaMDA / OECD-WBG1.674
  39. 39MaltaMLT / OECD1.725
  40. 40RomaniaROU / OECD1.727
  41. 41MexicoMEX / OECD1.791
  42. 42ColombiaCOL / OECD-WBG1.831
  43. 43LuxembourgLUX / OECD1.835
  44. 44ArmeniaARM / OECD-WBG1.958
  45. 45Costa RicaCRI / OECD-WBG2.046
  46. 46Chinese TaipeiTWN / OECD2.200
  47. 47IndonesiaIDN / OECD2.201
  48. 48ArgentinaARG / OECD-WBG2.298
  49. 49BrazilBRA / OECD2.317
  50. 50ThailandTHA / OECD-ADB2.383
  51. 51TürkiyeTUR / OECD2.524
  52. 52ChinaCHN / OECD-WBG2.588
  53. 53South AfricaZAF / OECD2.827
  54. 54MoroccoMAR / OECD-WBG2.890
  55. 55KenyaKEN / OECD-WBG2.923

Published indicator architecture

Spain component ledger

One OECD aggregate, two high-level indicators, and six medium-level indicators. Bars share the source's 0-6 scale.
AOverall PMROverall Product Market Regulation1.1631.47812 / 55-0.024HState involvementDistortions induced by state involvement1.3241.46722 / 55-0.082HEntry barriersBarriers to domestic and foreign entry1.0031.4117 / 55+0.033MPublic ownershipDistortions induced by public ownership1.1701.22423 / 550.000MBusiness operationsInvolvement in business operations1.2771.24831 / 55-0.245MImpact evaluationRegulations impact evaluation1.5251.91116 / 550.000MAdministrative burdenAdministrative and regulatory burden1.1941.86910 / 55+0.363MService and network barriersBarriers in service and network sectors1.4351.84917 / 55-0.161MTrade and investmentBarriers to trade and investment0.3790.53211 / 55-0.101
Current valueAll-economy medianRecalculated 2018

Interpretation boundary

A regulatory benchmark, not a competition verdict

The atlas preserves what this source can answer and keeps unlike evidence systems separate.

What the indicators encode

OECD questionnaire responses and coded laws and regulations, aggregated under the 2023 PMR methodology.

What they do not establish

Observed market concentration, market definition, legal liability, enforcement quality, consumer outcomes, or causal effects.

Why dates differ

Each economy retains the exact date of the laws and regulations encoded in the workbook; current rows span 2023-2025.

Why 2018 is comparable

Only OECD's recalculated 2018 sheet is used. The discontinued old-methodology sheet is excluded from the observatory.

Canonical economy dossiers

Browse all 55 profiles

Every current economy has a stable route, exact source dates, the nine-measure ledger, and reusable JSON and CSV.
ARGArgentinaOECD-WBGARMArmeniaOECD-WBGAUSAustraliaOECDAUTAustriaOECDBELBelgiumOECDBRABrazilOECDBGRBulgariaOECDCANCanadaOECDCHLChileOECDCHNChinaOECD-WBGTWNChinese TaipeiOECDCOLColombiaOECD-WBGCRICosta RicaOECD-WBGHRVCroatiaOECDCYPCyprusOECDCZECzechiaOECDDNKDenmarkOECDESTEstoniaOECDFINFinlandOECDFRAFranceOECDDEUGermanyOECDGRCGreeceOECDHUNHungaryOECDISLIcelandOECDIDNIndonesiaOECDIRLIrelandOECDISRIsraelOECDITAItalyOECDJPNJapanOECDKENKenyaOECD-WBGKORKoreaOECDLVALatviaOECDLTULithuaniaOECDLUXLuxembourgOECDMLTMaltaOECDMEXMexicoOECDMDAMoldovaOECD-WBGMARMoroccoOECD-WBGNLDNetherlandsOECDNZLNew ZealandOECDNORNorwayOECDPERPeruOECD-WBGPOLPolandOECDPRTPortugalOECDROURomaniaOECDSVKSlovak RepublicOECDSVNSloveniaOECDZAFSouth AfricaOECDESPSpainOECDSWESwedenOECDCHESwitzerlandOECDTHAThailandOECD-ADBTURTürkiyeOECDGBRUnited KingdomOECDUSAUnited StatesOECD
Spain Product Market Regulation Profile | Antitrust Radar