Antitrust Radar

International regulatory benchmark / OECD

Spain PMR Profile

Compare published OECD product-market regulation indicators within their stated reference periods. Regulatory scores describe encoded policy settings, not observed market outcomes.

Compare nine OECD-published regulatory indicators across 55 economies. Lower values indicate fewer encoded barriers on the OECD 0-6 scale; they do not measure concentration or enforcement performance.
Explore atlasAll economiesPolicy systemsJSONCSV
Spain geographic locatorSpain is highlighted on Natural Earth world geography. The locator establishes geographic identity and does not encode a metric.
Selected economyESP / SpainOECD / Natural Earth 1:110m / identity, not PMR
Overall PMR
1.163
OECD aggregate / 0-6
Lower-barrier rank
12 / 55
ascending current value
Reference date
2023
Jan 1, 2023
Comparable change
-0.024
Lower than recalculated 2018
ESPSpainJoined evidence / 2 / 2 source lanes
CompareOpen shared workspaceEvidence briefOpen research note

International comparison workspace

Overall Product Market Regulation55 visible economies / lower value means fewer encoded barriers

Comparable movement

Overall PMR: current minus recalculated 2018

OECD-published economy-wide aggregate on a 0-6 scale; lower values encode a more competition-friendly regulatory framework.
  1. ArgentinaARG-0.805
  2. BrazilBRA-0.735
  3. GreeceGRC-0.604
  4. IndonesiaIDN-0.597
  5. PeruPER-0.591
  6. MoldovaMDA-0.513
  7. LatviaLVA-0.365
  8. IsraelISR-0.354
  9. BulgariaBGR-0.353
  10. ChileCHL-0.352
  11. LithuaniaLTU-0.274
  12. Costa RicaCRI-0.261
  13. EstoniaEST-0.233
  14. CroatiaHRV-0.231
  15. GermanyDEU-0.224
  16. PolandPOL-0.213
  17. CyprusCYP-0.196
  18. RomaniaROU-0.194
  19. ChinaCHN-0.189
  20. BelgiumBEL-0.178
  21. PortugalPRT-0.175
  22. Slovak RepublicSVK-0.173
  23. LuxembourgLUX-0.172
  24. JapanJPN-0.168
  25. MaltaMLT-0.164
  26. IcelandISL-0.160
  27. KoreaKOR-0.150
  28. ColombiaCOL-0.147
  29. SwitzerlandCHE-0.134
  30. FinlandFIN-0.132
  31. TürkiyeTUR-0.128
  32. New ZealandNZL-0.120
  33. CzechiaCZE-0.115
  34. AustriaAUT-0.110
  35. MexicoMEX-0.103
  36. DenmarkDNK-0.090
  37. United KingdomGBR-0.087
  38. NetherlandsNLD-0.065
  39. NorwayNOR-0.065
  40. SwedenSWE-0.061
  41. CanadaCAN-0.060
  42. ItalyITA-0.055
  43. SloveniaSVN-0.050
  44. South AfricaZAF-0.044
  45. AustraliaAUS-0.034
  46. HungaryHUN-0.033
  47. FranceFRA-0.026
  48. SpainESP-0.024
  49. IrelandIRL-0.017
  50. United StatesUSA-0.007

Published indicator architecture

Spain component ledger

One OECD aggregate, two high-level indicators, and six medium-level indicators. Bars share the source's 0-6 scale.
AOverall PMROverall Product Market Regulation1.1631.47812 / 55-0.024HState involvementDistortions induced by state involvement1.3241.46722 / 55-0.082HEntry barriersBarriers to domestic and foreign entry1.0031.4117 / 55+0.033MPublic ownershipDistortions induced by public ownership1.1701.22423 / 550.000MBusiness operationsInvolvement in business operations1.2771.24831 / 55-0.245MImpact evaluationRegulations impact evaluation1.5251.91116 / 550.000MAdministrative burdenAdministrative and regulatory burden1.1941.86910 / 55+0.363MService and network barriersBarriers in service and network sectors1.4351.84917 / 55-0.161MTrade and investmentBarriers to trade and investment0.3790.53211 / 55-0.101
Current valueAll-economy medianRecalculated 2018

Interpretation boundary

A regulatory benchmark, not a competition verdict

The atlas preserves what this source can answer and keeps unlike evidence systems separate.

What the indicators encode

OECD questionnaire responses and coded laws and regulations, aggregated under the 2023 PMR methodology.

What they do not establish

Observed market concentration, market definition, legal liability, enforcement quality, consumer outcomes, or causal effects.

Why dates differ

Each economy retains the exact date of the laws and regulations encoded in the workbook; current rows span 2023-2025.

Why 2018 is comparable

Only OECD's recalculated 2018 sheet is used. The discontinued old-methodology sheet is excluded from the observatory.

Canonical economy dossiers

Browse all 55 profiles

Every current economy has a stable route, exact source dates, the nine-measure ledger, and reusable JSON and CSV.
ARGArgentinaOECD-WBGARMArmeniaOECD-WBGAUSAustraliaOECDAUTAustriaOECDBELBelgiumOECDBRABrazilOECDBGRBulgariaOECDCANCanadaOECDCHLChileOECDCHNChinaOECD-WBGTWNChinese TaipeiOECDCOLColombiaOECD-WBGCRICosta RicaOECD-WBGHRVCroatiaOECDCYPCyprusOECDCZECzechiaOECDDNKDenmarkOECDESTEstoniaOECDFINFinlandOECDFRAFranceOECDDEUGermanyOECDGRCGreeceOECDHUNHungaryOECDISLIcelandOECDIDNIndonesiaOECDIRLIrelandOECDISRIsraelOECDITAItalyOECDJPNJapanOECDKENKenyaOECD-WBGKORKoreaOECDLVALatviaOECDLTULithuaniaOECDLUXLuxembourgOECDMLTMaltaOECDMEXMexicoOECDMDAMoldovaOECD-WBGMARMoroccoOECD-WBGNLDNetherlandsOECDNZLNew ZealandOECDNORNorwayOECDPERPeruOECD-WBGPOLPolandOECDPRTPortugalOECDROURomaniaOECDSVKSlovak RepublicOECDSVNSloveniaOECDZAFSouth AfricaOECDESPSpainOECDSWESwedenOECDCHESwitzerlandOECDTHAThailandOECD-ADBTURTürkiyeOECDGBRUnited KingdomOECDUSAUnited StatesOECD