Antitrust Radar

International regulatory benchmark / OECD

Spain PMR Profile

Compare published OECD product-market regulation indicators within their stated reference periods. Regulatory scores describe encoded policy settings, not observed market outcomes.

Compare nine OECD-published regulatory indicators across 55 economies. Lower values indicate fewer encoded barriers on the OECD 0-6 scale; they do not measure concentration or enforcement performance.
Explore atlasAll economiesPolicy systemsJSONCSV
Spain geographic locatorSpain is highlighted on Natural Earth world geography. The locator establishes geographic identity and does not encode a metric.
Selected economyESP / SpainOECD / Natural Earth 1:110m / identity, not PMR
Overall PMR
1.163
OECD aggregate / 0-6
Lower-barrier rank
12 / 55
ascending current value
Reference date
2023
Jan 1, 2023
Comparable change
+0.363
Higher than recalculated 2018
ESPSpainJoined evidence / 2 / 2 source lanes
CompareOpen shared workspaceEvidence briefOpen research note

International comparison workspace

Administrative and regulatory burden55 visible economies / lower value means fewer encoded barriers

Current lower-barrier order

Administrative burden ranking

OECD medium-level indicator covering business administrative requirements, communication, simplification, licences, and permits.
  1. 1GreeceGRC / OECD0.762
  2. 2IndonesiaIDN / OECD0.869
  3. 3PolandPOL / OECD0.933
  4. 4DenmarkDNK / OECD1.031
  5. 5LithuaniaLTU / OECD1.140
  6. 6SwedenSWE / OECD1.140
  7. 7ItalyITA / OECD1.150
  8. 8EstoniaEST / OECD1.181
  9. 9MexicoMEX / OECD1.181
  10. 10SpainESP / OECD1.194
  11. 11SloveniaSVN / OECD1.221
  12. 12HungaryHUN / OECD1.246
  13. 13ArgentinaARG / OECD-WBG1.254
  14. 14KoreaKOR / OECD1.344
  15. 15United KingdomGBR / OECD1.344
  16. 16IrelandIRL / OECD1.356
  17. 17CroatiaHRV / OECD1.406
  18. 18PortugalPRT / OECD1.494
  19. 19FinlandFIN / OECD1.508
  20. 20FranceFRA / OECD1.508
  21. 21LatviaLVA / OECD1.540
  22. 22CzechiaCZE / OECD1.570
  23. 23NetherlandsNLD / OECD1.652
  24. 24Slovak RepublicSVK / OECD1.669
  25. 25CanadaCAN / OECD1.740
  26. 26BelgiumBEL / OECD1.837
  27. 27BulgariaBGR / OECD1.848
  28. 28GermanyDEU / OECD1.869
  29. 29United StatesUSA / OECD1.888
  30. 30MoldovaMDA / OECD-WBG1.913
  31. 31New ZealandNZL / OECD1.913
  32. 32ChinaCHN / OECD-WBG1.962
  33. 33LuxembourgLUX / OECD2.133
  34. 34ArmeniaARM / OECD-WBG2.233
  35. 35ChileCHL / OECD2.259
  36. 36PeruPER / OECD-WBG2.275
  37. 37NorwayNOR / OECD2.294
  38. 38AustraliaAUS / OECD2.313
  39. 39Costa RicaCRI / OECD-WBG2.325
  40. 40AustriaAUT / OECD2.331
  41. 41ColombiaCOL / OECD-WBG2.377
  42. 42IsraelISR / OECD2.429
  43. 43MaltaMLT / OECD2.481
  44. 44SwitzerlandCHE / OECD2.507
  45. 45Chinese TaipeiTWN / OECD2.550
  46. 46BrazilBRA / OECD2.650
  47. 47IcelandISL / OECD2.700
  48. 48JapanJPN / OECD2.925
  49. 49TürkiyeTUR / OECD2.931
  50. 50CyprusCYP / OECD2.942
  51. 51RomaniaROU / OECD3.025
  52. 52ThailandTHA / OECD-ADB3.115
  53. 53KenyaKEN / OECD-WBG3.183
  54. 54MoroccoMAR / OECD-WBG3.450
  55. 55South AfricaZAF / OECD3.456

Published indicator architecture

Spain component ledger

One OECD aggregate, two high-level indicators, and six medium-level indicators. Bars share the source's 0-6 scale.
AOverall PMROverall Product Market Regulation1.1631.47812 / 55-0.024HState involvementDistortions induced by state involvement1.3241.46722 / 55-0.082HEntry barriersBarriers to domestic and foreign entry1.0031.4117 / 55+0.033MPublic ownershipDistortions induced by public ownership1.1701.22423 / 550.000MBusiness operationsInvolvement in business operations1.2771.24831 / 55-0.245MImpact evaluationRegulations impact evaluation1.5251.91116 / 550.000MAdministrative burdenAdministrative and regulatory burden1.1941.86910 / 55+0.363MService and network barriersBarriers in service and network sectors1.4351.84917 / 55-0.161MTrade and investmentBarriers to trade and investment0.3790.53211 / 55-0.101
Current valueAll-economy medianRecalculated 2018

Interpretation boundary

A regulatory benchmark, not a competition verdict

The atlas preserves what this source can answer and keeps unlike evidence systems separate.

What the indicators encode

OECD questionnaire responses and coded laws and regulations, aggregated under the 2023 PMR methodology.

What they do not establish

Observed market concentration, market definition, legal liability, enforcement quality, consumer outcomes, or causal effects.

Why dates differ

Each economy retains the exact date of the laws and regulations encoded in the workbook; current rows span 2023-2025.

Why 2018 is comparable

Only OECD's recalculated 2018 sheet is used. The discontinued old-methodology sheet is excluded from the observatory.

Canonical economy dossiers

Browse all 55 profiles

Every current economy has a stable route, exact source dates, the nine-measure ledger, and reusable JSON and CSV.
ARGArgentinaOECD-WBGARMArmeniaOECD-WBGAUSAustraliaOECDAUTAustriaOECDBELBelgiumOECDBRABrazilOECDBGRBulgariaOECDCANCanadaOECDCHLChileOECDCHNChinaOECD-WBGTWNChinese TaipeiOECDCOLColombiaOECD-WBGCRICosta RicaOECD-WBGHRVCroatiaOECDCYPCyprusOECDCZECzechiaOECDDNKDenmarkOECDESTEstoniaOECDFINFinlandOECDFRAFranceOECDDEUGermanyOECDGRCGreeceOECDHUNHungaryOECDISLIcelandOECDIDNIndonesiaOECDIRLIrelandOECDISRIsraelOECDITAItalyOECDJPNJapanOECDKENKenyaOECD-WBGKORKoreaOECDLVALatviaOECDLTULithuaniaOECDLUXLuxembourgOECDMLTMaltaOECDMEXMexicoOECDMDAMoldovaOECD-WBGMARMoroccoOECD-WBGNLDNetherlandsOECDNZLNew ZealandOECDNORNorwayOECDPERPeruOECD-WBGPOLPolandOECDPRTPortugalOECDROURomaniaOECDSVKSlovak RepublicOECDSVNSloveniaOECDZAFSouth AfricaOECDESPSpainOECDSWESwedenOECDCHESwitzerlandOECDTHAThailandOECD-ADBTURTürkiyeOECDGBRUnited KingdomOECDUSAUnited StatesOECD
Spain Product Market Regulation Profile | Antitrust Radar