1 edge1 source-bearing
Cross-domain evidence graph
Observatory atlas
Follow documented connections between markets, firms, places, publications, and sources. A connection shows a recorded relationship, not that two measures describe the same market.
More atlas tools4 exact routes
Live family topologyAll declared links
Current focusPBMs19,193 records / 27 family pairs
Canonical nodes5,4785433 public profiles
Declared edges19,193exact encoded links
Node families13bounded domains
Inferred links0name-only joins
Encoded hereProfile-to-indicator observations, issue-program scope, source custody, market participation, official attribution, declared industry context, publication scope, and dated policy relationships.
Never inferred hereSubstitutability, ownership, control, liability, causation, or comparability across unlike measures.
Read evidence standardGraph census · All declared links
Who the Atlas connects
Every lane is an exact family-pair contract in the active semantic lens, ranked by encoded edge count.13 of 13families connectedTop 8 routes carry 97.2% of active-layer edges.
- Active-lens edges
- 19,193
- All declared links
- Family-pair routes
- 27
- exact family contracts
- Cross-family pairs
- 24
- between unlike families
- Self-family pairs
- 3
- within one family
- 01PlacesIndicatorsMeasurement layer · open complete contract dossier6,41233.4%
- 02PlacesSourcesMeasurement layer · open complete contract dossier3,37817.6%
- 03PlacesPlacesMeasurement layer · open complete contract dossier3,20416.7%
- 04IndustriesSourcesMeasurement layer · open complete contract dossier1,95410.2%
- 05IndustriesIndustriesMeasurement layer · open complete contract dossier1,8499.6%
- 06IndustriesIndicatorsMeasurement layer · open complete contract dossier1,5768.2%
- 07PublicationsSourcesResearch layer · open complete contract dossier1690.9%
- 08PlacesPublicationsResearch layer · open complete contract dossier1140.6%
Inspect the remaining 19 family-pair routes537 links · 2.8% of active-layer edges
- 09TopicsPublicationsResearch layer · open complete contract dossier970.5%
- 10TopicsQuestionsResearch layer · open complete contract dossier580.3%
- 11MarketsProductsMeasurement layer · open complete contract dossier550.3%
- 12IndicatorsSourcesMeasurement + Research layer · open complete contract dossier500.3%
- 13QuestionsIndicatorsResearch layer · open complete contract dossier460.2%
- 14MarketsPublicationsResearch layer · open complete contract dossier330.2%
- 15RecordsNamed entitiesEnforcement layer · open complete contract dossier310.2%
- 16ProductsOperatorsOrganization layer · open complete contract dossier280.1%
- 17MarketsIndicatorsMeasurement layer · open complete contract dossier210.1%
- 18MarketsSourcesMeasurement layer · open complete contract dossier200.1%
- 19MarketsRecordsEnforcement layer · open complete contract dossier18<0.1%
- 20IndustriesPlacesMeasurement layer · open complete contract dossier17<0.1%
- 21IssuesTopicsResearch layer · open complete contract dossier16<0.1%
- 22RecordsSourcesEnforcement layer · open complete contract dossier14<0.1%
- 23MarketsIndustriesMeasurement layer · open complete contract dossier12<0.1%
- 24MarketsIssuesResearch layer · open complete contract dossier12<0.1%
- 25OperatorsNamed entitiesOrganization layer · open complete contract dossier4<0.1%
- 26SourcesSourcesMeasurement layer · open complete contract dossier3<0.1%
- 27ProductsNamed entitiesOrganization layer · open complete contract dossier2<0.1%
MarketsU.S. pharmacy benefit managementAll declared links / 1 hop / all neighbors
Choose one exact semantic contract to rebuild the topology, neighborhood, diagnostics, ledger, and public exports around only that declared edge type.
Focused evidence graph
PBMs
11 connected nodes in this bounded slice- Visible nodes
- 11
- of 11
- Visible edges
- 13
- declared links
- Direct links
- 10
- from focus
- Hidden nodes
- 0
- plot cap only
Markets12Products55Operators20Industries1866Issues6Topics8Questions46Places3270Indicators30Records14Named entities21Publications85Sources45
MarketsU.S. pharmacy benefit managementUnited States / 2023
- HHI status
- Withheld
- Status
- incomplete
- Declared links
- 10
- Latest year
- 2023
Pharmacy benefit management services profile based on FTC public findings. The FTC reports top-three and top-six aggregate shares but not enough individual PBM market shares in the public press-release record to compute HHI.
Open canonical profileNo indicator row is keyed directly to this profile. These analytical contexts are one declared graph hop away.
Direct relationship fingerprint
How PBMs is declared in the Atlas
- Counterparties
- 10
- Unique canonical endpoints
- Encoded links
- 10
- Exact focus edges
- Source custody
- 70%
- 7 source-bearing links
- Profile families
- 5
- Direct counterparty types
Counterparty compositionDirect nodes by profile family
Unique endpoints / active layerRecords4 encoded edges
4Publications2 encoded edges
2Sources2 encoded edges
2Industries1 encoded edge
1Issues1 encoded edge
1Declared counterpartiesCarry exact endpoints into deeper analysis
10 available1 edge1 source-bearing
1 edge1 source-bearing
1 edge1 source-bearing
1 edge1 source-bearing
1 edge1 source-bearing
Relationship ledger
Every plotted line remains an inspectable record
13 edges survive the current focus, depth, node-type, layer, and semantic-type contract.
EnforcementRelated policy contextpolicy scope
Records announced remedy terms in the pending administrative matter. The filing does not establish realized savings, changes in PBM market structure, or a basis for calculating the withheld market HHI.
EnforcementRelated policy contextpolicy scope
Records announced remedy terms in the pending administrative matter. The filing does not establish realized savings, changes in PBM market structure, or a basis for calculating the withheld market HHI.
EnforcementRelated policy contextpolicy scope
Adds alleged conduct and patient-harm context to the PBM profile. The allegations remain distinct from the descriptive concentration evidence and do not supply missing individual shares.
EnforcementRelated policy contextpolicy scope
Supplies top-three and top-six concentration facts while leaving individual firm shares unavailable; Antitrust Radar therefore continues to withhold HHI.
EnforcementOfficial record sourcerecord source
Pharmacy Benefit Managers: The Powerful Middlemen Inflating Drug Costs and Squeezing Main Street Pharmacies is the custody record encoded for this dated policy event.
MeasurementConsumer price contextconsumer price context
Prescription drugs is attached to PBMs as a broad BLS consumer-price context series. Retail prescription-drug prices are attached as consumer context for the PBM dossier; they do not measure PBM services, rebates, spreads, pharmacy reimbursement, margins, or competitive effects.
MeasurementDeclared Census screenindustry screen
U.S. pharmacy benefit management uses NAICS 524292 as declared economy-wide context while preserving a separate product and geographic definition.
MeasurementMarket evidence custodymarket source
Pharmacy Benefit Managers: The Powerful Middlemen Inflating Drug Costs and Squeezing Main Street Pharmacies supports the profile's definition, observation.
ResearchIssue program membershipissue scope
U.S. pharmacy benefit management is an explicitly curated member of the Health care intermediaries research program while retaining its own product boundary, geography, denominator, and comparison contract.
ResearchCovered market profilereport market
Where Public Market-Share Data Runs Out explicitly lists U.S. pharmacy benefit management in its related-market scope.
ResearchCovered market profilereport market
The U.S. Competition Landscape explicitly lists U.S. pharmacy benefit management in its related-market scope.
ResearchDeclared publication sourcereport source
Pharmacy Benefit Managers: The Powerful Middlemen Inflating Drug Costs and Squeezing Main Street Pharmacies appears in the report's encoded source basis.
Showing 8 of 13 exact relationships. The complete filtered ledger remains available in CSV.
1 additional exact edges are available in JSON and CSV.
Graph contract
Relationship families stay separate
The atlas joins routes through encoded custody and context, never through name resemblance or an inferred corporate, legal, or causal relationship.
The atlas exposes only relationships declared in the current public data. A link or issue grouping does not make unlike measures comparable, establish ownership or control, define an antitrust market, assign liability, or show that a policy event caused an economic outcome.
Reusable graph packet
Carry node and edge custody into analysis
The packet preserves node type, canonical route, relationship family, source link, evidence label, confidence, and edge-specific guardrail.