Antitrust Radar

International regulatory benchmark / OECD

Spain PMR Profile

Compare published OECD product-market regulation indicators within their stated reference periods. Regulatory scores describe encoded policy settings, not observed market outcomes.

Compare nine OECD-published regulatory indicators across 55 economies. Lower values indicate fewer encoded barriers on the OECD 0-6 scale; they do not measure concentration or enforcement performance.
Explore atlasAll economiesPolicy systemsJSONCSV
Spain geographic locatorSpain is highlighted on Natural Earth world geography. The locator establishes geographic identity and does not encode a metric.
Selected economyESP / SpainOECD / Natural Earth 1:110m / identity, not PMR
Overall PMR
1.163
OECD aggregate / 0-6
Lower-barrier rank
12 / 55
ascending current value
Reference date
2023
Jan 1, 2023
Comparable change
-0.082
Lower than recalculated 2018
ESPSpainJoined evidence / 2 / 2 source lanes
CompareOpen shared workspaceEvidence briefOpen research note

International comparison workspace

Distortions induced by state involvement55 visible economies / lower value means fewer encoded barriers

Current lower-barrier order

State involvement ranking

OECD high-level indicator covering the regulatory channels through which state involvement can distort competitive conditions.
  1. 1EstoniaEST / OECD0.822
  2. 2IrelandIRL / OECD0.824
  3. 3NetherlandsNLD / OECD0.830
  4. 4SwedenSWE / OECD0.845
  5. 5LithuaniaLTU / OECD0.864
  6. 6NorwayNOR / OECD0.877
  7. 7FinlandFIN / OECD0.905
  8. 8United KingdomGBR / OECD0.996
  9. 9PeruPER / OECD-WBG1.029
  10. 10FranceFRA / OECD1.039
  11. 11PolandPOL / OECD1.063
  12. 12LatviaLVA / OECD1.096
  13. 13SloveniaSVN / OECD1.109
  14. 14AustraliaAUS / OECD1.142
  15. 15ItalyITA / OECD1.219
  16. 16SwitzerlandCHE / OECD1.245
  17. 17GermanyDEU / OECD1.279
  18. 18DenmarkDNK / OECD1.289
  19. 19CzechiaCZE / OECD1.300
  20. 20ChileCHL / OECD1.321
  21. 21KoreaKOR / OECD1.321
  22. 22SpainESP / OECD1.324
  23. 23IsraelISR / OECD1.366
  24. 24IcelandISL / OECD1.375
  25. 25BulgariaBGR / OECD1.408
  26. 26New ZealandNZL / OECD1.437
  27. 27CroatiaHRV / OECD1.462
  28. 28Slovak RepublicSVK / OECD1.467
  29. 29AustriaAUT / OECD1.474
  30. 30GreeceGRC / OECD1.525
  31. 31BelgiumBEL / OECD1.563
  32. 32MaltaMLT / OECD1.579
  33. 33CanadaCAN / OECD1.601
  34. 34CyprusCYP / OECD1.620
  35. 35MoldovaMDA / OECD-WBG1.655
  36. 36RomaniaROU / OECD1.660
  37. 37United StatesUSA / OECD1.715
  38. 38PortugalPRT / OECD1.723
  39. 39JapanJPN / OECD1.774
  40. 40HungaryHUN / OECD1.804
  41. 41ColombiaCOL / OECD-WBG1.931
  42. 42ArmeniaARM / OECD-WBG2.047
  43. 43MexicoMEX / OECD2.065
  44. 44BrazilBRA / OECD2.204
  45. 45LuxembourgLUX / OECD2.206
  46. 46ThailandTHA / OECD-ADB2.225
  47. 47Costa RicaCRI / OECD-WBG2.247
  48. 48Chinese TaipeiTWN / OECD2.313
  49. 49IndonesiaIDN / OECD2.381
  50. 50ArgentinaARG / OECD-WBG2.419
  51. 51KenyaKEN / OECD-WBG2.787
  52. 52South AfricaZAF / OECD2.805
  53. 53TürkiyeTUR / OECD2.855
  54. 54ChinaCHN / OECD-WBG3.103
  55. 55MoroccoMAR / OECD-WBG3.364

Published indicator architecture

Spain component ledger

One OECD aggregate, two high-level indicators, and six medium-level indicators. Bars share the source's 0-6 scale.
AOverall PMROverall Product Market Regulation1.1631.47812 / 55-0.024HState involvementDistortions induced by state involvement1.3241.46722 / 55-0.082HEntry barriersBarriers to domestic and foreign entry1.0031.4117 / 55+0.033MPublic ownershipDistortions induced by public ownership1.1701.22423 / 550.000MBusiness operationsInvolvement in business operations1.2771.24831 / 55-0.245MImpact evaluationRegulations impact evaluation1.5251.91116 / 550.000MAdministrative burdenAdministrative and regulatory burden1.1941.86910 / 55+0.363MService and network barriersBarriers in service and network sectors1.4351.84917 / 55-0.161MTrade and investmentBarriers to trade and investment0.3790.53211 / 55-0.101
Current valueAll-economy medianRecalculated 2018

Interpretation boundary

A regulatory benchmark, not a competition verdict

The atlas preserves what this source can answer and keeps unlike evidence systems separate.

What the indicators encode

OECD questionnaire responses and coded laws and regulations, aggregated under the 2023 PMR methodology.

What they do not establish

Observed market concentration, market definition, legal liability, enforcement quality, consumer outcomes, or causal effects.

Why dates differ

Each economy retains the exact date of the laws and regulations encoded in the workbook; current rows span 2023-2025.

Why 2018 is comparable

Only OECD's recalculated 2018 sheet is used. The discontinued old-methodology sheet is excluded from the observatory.

Canonical economy dossiers

Browse all 55 profiles

Every current economy has a stable route, exact source dates, the nine-measure ledger, and reusable JSON and CSV.
ARGArgentinaOECD-WBGARMArmeniaOECD-WBGAUSAustraliaOECDAUTAustriaOECDBELBelgiumOECDBRABrazilOECDBGRBulgariaOECDCANCanadaOECDCHLChileOECDCHNChinaOECD-WBGTWNChinese TaipeiOECDCOLColombiaOECD-WBGCRICosta RicaOECD-WBGHRVCroatiaOECDCYPCyprusOECDCZECzechiaOECDDNKDenmarkOECDESTEstoniaOECDFINFinlandOECDFRAFranceOECDDEUGermanyOECDGRCGreeceOECDHUNHungaryOECDISLIcelandOECDIDNIndonesiaOECDIRLIrelandOECDISRIsraelOECDITAItalyOECDJPNJapanOECDKENKenyaOECD-WBGKORKoreaOECDLVALatviaOECDLTULithuaniaOECDLUXLuxembourgOECDMLTMaltaOECDMEXMexicoOECDMDAMoldovaOECD-WBGMARMoroccoOECD-WBGNLDNetherlandsOECDNZLNew ZealandOECDNORNorwayOECDPERPeruOECD-WBGPOLPolandOECDPRTPortugalOECDROURomaniaOECDSVKSlovak RepublicOECDSVNSloveniaOECDZAFSouth AfricaOECDESPSpainOECDSWESwedenOECDCHESwitzerlandOECDTHAThailandOECD-ADBTURTürkiyeOECDGBRUnited KingdomOECDUSAUnited StatesOECD
Spain Product Market Regulation Profile | Antitrust Radar