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Census BDS / 2023 release

Business Dynamism Observatory

Track establishment entry, exit, expansion, and contraction in annual Census Business Dynamics Statistics. Sector comparisons use the same published years and retain their denominators.

Coverage
1978-2023
46 annual releases
Sector detail
19
two-digit NAICS sectors
Measures
6
5,520 indicator rows
Latest employment
137.5M
5,593,727 firms
Entry rate
10.608%
2023
Exit rate
9.396%
2023
Job creation
13.592%
2023
Job destruction
11.059%
2023
Net job creation
2.534%
2023
Excess reallocation
22.118%
2023

Analytical workspace

Establishment entry rate42 Wholesale trade compared with the United States

Long-run movement

Entry rate, 1978-2023

Entering establishments as a share of the Census BDS establishment denominator.
United StatesWholesale trade
2023Wholesale trade6.719%United States10.608%Gap -3.889 pp
1978: United States 15.146%; Wholesale trade 12.803%1979: United States 13.970%; Wholesale trade 11.260%1980: United States 12.806%; Wholesale trade 10.808%1981: United States 12.797%; Wholesale trade 11.670%1982: United States 12.464%; Wholesale trade 11.260%1983: United States 13.389%; Wholesale trade 11.110%1984: United States 14.534%; Wholesale trade 11.510%1985: United States 13.810%; Wholesale trade 11.540%1986: United States 14.095%; Wholesale trade 11.899%1987: United States 14.325%; Wholesale trade 12.188%1988: United States 13.959%; Wholesale trade 11.895%1989: United States 13.368%; Wholesale trade 11.411%1990: United States 12.683%; Wholesale trade 11.059%1991: United States 12.358%; Wholesale trade 11.146%1992: United States 11.577%; Wholesale trade 10.423%1993: United States 11.509%; Wholesale trade 10.471%1994: United States 11.885%; Wholesale trade 10.617%1995: United States 12.058%; Wholesale trade 10.815%1996: United States 11.795%; Wholesale trade 11.038%1997: United States 12.200%; Wholesale trade 10.540%1998: United States 11.438%; Wholesale trade 10.008%1999: United States 11.115%; Wholesale trade 9.092%2000: United States 10.848%; Wholesale trade 9.480%2001: United States 10.990%; Wholesale trade 9.797%2002: United States 11.911%; Wholesale trade 9.593%2003: United States 11.425%; Wholesale trade 9.347%2004: United States 11.511%; Wholesale trade 9.446%2005: United States 11.615%; Wholesale trade 8.901%2006: United States 12.495%; Wholesale trade 9.732%2007: United States 11.761%; Wholesale trade 9.066%2008: United States 10.307%; Wholesale trade 8.657%2009: United States 9.281%; Wholesale trade 7.534%2010: United States 9.495%; Wholesale trade 7.958%2011: United States 9.886%; Wholesale trade 8.329%2012: United States 10.018%; Wholesale trade 8.029%2013: United States 9.807%; Wholesale trade 8.021%2014: United States 9.906%; Wholesale trade 7.640%2015: United States 10.025%; Wholesale trade 7.551%2016: United States 10.194%; Wholesale trade 7.442%2017: United States 9.675%; Wholesale trade 7.192%2018: United States 9.414%; Wholesale trade 6.714%2019: United States 9.613%; Wholesale trade 6.664%2020: United States 9.637%; Wholesale trade 6.416%2021: United States 10.845%; Wholesale trade 7.234%2022: United States 11.651%; Wholesale trade 7.828%2023: United States 10.608%; Wholesale trade 6.719%
Entry minus exit-1.524 pp

In 2023, establishment entry was lower than exit for Wholesale trade.

Creation minus destruction+2.037 pp

Gross job creation was higher than destruction, matching the published net rate within rounding.

Change since 1978-6.084 pp

Entry rate was 6.084 points lower in 2023 than at the start of the series.

Source custody and method

A flow system, not a concentration score.

Every rate remains attached to its BDS year, national or sector universe, Census denominator, and source release.

01 / Source

2023 Business Dynamics Statistics

U.S. Census Bureau / accessed 2026-07-19. The observatory pins the economy-wide and sector CSV files to verified SHA-256 hashes.

02 / Measurement

March-to-March establishment flows

Job-flow rates use the Census Davis-Haltiwanger-Schuh average-employment denominator. Entry and exit use longitudinally consistent establishment counts, and excess reallocation removes the absolute net job change from gross flows.

03 / Handoffs

5,520 reusable observations

Use this slice as JSON or CSV, inspect the canonical indicator dossier, or continue into the guarded multidimensional data cube.

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