The selected-sector spread is 1.174 pp in 2023, from 11.167% to 9.993%.
Census BDS / comparative research desk
Sector Dynamics Comparison Studio
Compare sector entry, exit, and employment histories against national Business Dynamics Statistics. All comparisons retain the published year, rate, denominator, and population.
- Sector universe
- 19
- complete two-digit histories
- Annual coverage
- 1978-2023
- 46 common years
- Published measures
- 6
- 5,520 exact observations
- Comparison limit
- 2-4
- sectors plus U.S. baseline
Common years1978-2023 for every sector
Comparable unitspublished BDS percentages
Source custodyU.S. Census Bureau
Ranks describe rate magnitude, not competitive quality.
Longitudinal comparison workspace
Cross-sector trajectories without a composite score
138 displayed sector and national values across 46 exact BDS years.Entering establishments as a share of the Census BDS establishment denominator.
Period
- Latest spread
- 1.174 pp
- 2023 high to low
- Spread change
- +0.912 pp
- wider since 1978
- Highest published rate
- 61
- 11.167% / not a quality rank
- Closest to U.S.
- 61
- +0.559 pp
Published sector trajectories
Establishment entry rate
Selected year2023+1.174 pp sector spread
- U.S. rate
- 10.608%
- Published national rate
- 81 Other services except public administration
- 9.993%
- -0.615 pp vs U.S.
- 61 Educational services
- 11.167%
- +0.559 pp vs U.S.
46 annual observationsPublished rates + U.S. contextNo interpolation
Selected-sector ledger
2023 position and window history
- Latest
- 9.993%
- U.S. gap
- -0.615 pp
- Change
- -3.718 pp
- All-sector rank
- #12 / 19
- Window average
- 9.921%
- Above U.S.
- 1 / 46 years
- Latest
- 11.167%
- U.S. gap
- +0.559 pp
- Change
- -2.806 pp
- All-sector rank
- #7 / 19
- Window average
- 11.69%
- Above U.S.
- 32 / 46 years
Relative regime strip
Annual distance from the U.S. rate
Above U.S.Below U.S.
Selected year2023
81 -0.615 pp61 +0.559 pp
81Other services except public administration
61Educational services
197820002023
Exact annual comparison
Published rates and same-year U.S. gaps
| Year | United States | 81 | 61 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 10.608%baseline | 9.993%-0.615 pp | 11.167%+0.559 pp |
| 2022 | 11.651%baseline | 10.817%-0.834 pp | 12.527%+0.876 pp |
| 2021 | 10.845%baseline | 9.587%-1.258 pp | 10.999%+0.154 pp |
| 2020 | 9.637%baseline | 8.47%-1.167 pp | 10.697%+1.06 pp |
| 2019 | 9.613%baseline | 8.048%-1.565 pp | 10.28%+0.667 pp |
| 2018 | 9.414%baseline | 7.97%-1.444 pp | 9.913%+0.499 pp |
| 2017 | 9.675%baseline | 8.174%-1.501 pp | 10.325%+0.65 pp |
| 2016 | 10.194%baseline | 8.286%-1.908 pp | 10.467%+0.273 pp |
| 2015 | 10.025%baseline | 8.013%-2.012 pp | 10.838%+0.813 pp |
| 2014 | 9.906%baseline | 7.936%-1.97 pp | 10.121%+0.215 pp |
| 2013 | 9.807%baseline | 7.871%-1.936 pp | 10.603%+0.796 pp |
| 2012 | 10.018%baseline | 8.138%-1.88 pp | 10.955%+0.937 pp |
| 2011 | 9.886%baseline | 7.859%-2.027 pp | 10.929%+1.043 pp |
| 2010 | 9.495%baseline | 7.749%-1.746 pp | 10.893%+1.398 pp |
| 2009 | 9.281%baseline | 7.557%-1.724 pp | 10.299%+1.018 pp |
| 2008 | 10.307%baseline | 8.401%-1.906 pp | 10.984%+0.677 pp |
| 2007 | 11.761%baseline | 9.146%-2.615 pp | 11.765%+0.004 pp |
| 2006 | 12.495%baseline | 9.1%-3.395 pp | 13.156%+0.661 pp |
| 2005 | 11.615%baseline | 8.82%-2.795 pp | 12.39%+0.775 pp |
| 2004 | 11.511%baseline | 8.676%-2.835 pp | 11.646%+0.135 pp |
| 2003 | 11.425%baseline | 9.107%-2.318 pp | 11.818%+0.393 pp |
| 2002 | 11.911%baseline | 9.501%-2.41 pp | 12.101%+0.19 pp |
| 2001 | 10.99%baseline | 8.243%-2.747 pp | 11.446%+0.456 pp |
| 2000 | 10.848%baseline | 8.325%-2.523 pp | 11.186%+0.338 pp |
| 1999 | 11.115%baseline | 8.57%-2.545 pp | 11.323%+0.208 pp |
| 1998 | 11.438%baseline | 9.274%-2.164 pp | 11.426%-0.012 pp |
| 1997 | 12.2%baseline | 9.46%-2.74 pp | 12.269%+0.069 pp |
| 1996 | 11.795%baseline | 9.599%-2.196 pp | 12.682%+0.887 pp |
| 1995 | 12.058%baseline | 9.702%-2.356 pp | 12.665%+0.607 pp |
| 1994 | 11.885%baseline | 9.561%-2.324 pp | 12.699%+0.814 pp |
| 1993 | 11.509%baseline | 9.471%-2.038 pp | 12.137%+0.628 pp |
| 1992 | 11.577%baseline | 10.004%-1.573 pp | 11.916%+0.339 pp |
| 1991 | 12.358%baseline | 10.443%-1.915 pp | 12.337%-0.021 pp |
| 1990 | 12.683%baseline | 11.212%-1.471 pp | 13.08%+0.397 pp |
| 1989 | 13.368%baseline | 11.734%-1.634 pp | 12.617%-0.751 pp |
| 1988 | 13.959%baseline | 12.07%-1.889 pp | 12.875%-1.084 pp |
| 1987 | 14.325%baseline | 12.421%-1.904 pp | 12.23%-2.095 pp |
| 1986 | 14.095%baseline | 12.529%-1.566 pp | 12.878%-1.217 pp |
| 1985 | 13.81%baseline | 12.816%-0.994 pp | 12.103%-1.707 pp |
| 1984 | 14.534%baseline | 18.519%+3.985 pp | 12.955%-1.579 pp |
| 1983 | 13.389%baseline | 12.665%-0.724 pp | 12.368%-1.021 pp |
| 1982 | 12.464%baseline | 11.394%-1.07 pp | 10.771%-1.693 pp |
| 1981 | 12.797%baseline | 11.202%-1.595 pp | 11.034%-1.763 pp |
| 1980 | 12.806%baseline | 11.488%-1.318 pp | 11.2%-1.606 pp |
| 1979 | 13.97%baseline | 12.738%-1.232 pp | 12.714%-1.256 pp |
| 1978 | 15.146%baseline | 13.711%-1.435 pp | 13.973%-1.173 pp |
Research reading
What changed, without assigning cause
The high-to-low spread moved from 0.262 pp in 1978 to 1.174 pp in 2023.
Educational services is closest to the national rate in the final selected year. This is descriptive proximity, not a competitive assessment.
Cross-sector Business Dynamics Statistics comparisons are descriptive rate differences within published Census sector universes. A higher rate or rank is not a quality score, and the comparison does not establish concentration, market power, a legal antitrust market, or the cause of entry, exit, job creation, job destruction, or reallocation.
Interpretation boundary
A comparison of flows, not a verdict on competition.
Business Dynamics Statistics describe establishment and job-flow activity in broad Census sectors. Cross-sector differences can frame research questions, but product-market definition, concentration, conduct, entry conditions, and causal identification require separate evidence.