The selected-sector spread is 4.532 pp in 2023, from 12.647% to 8.115%.
Census BDS / comparative research desk
Sector Dynamics Comparison Studio
Compare sector entry, exit, and employment histories against national Business Dynamics Statistics. All comparisons retain the published year, rate, denominator, and population.
- Sector universe
- 19
- complete two-digit histories
- Annual coverage
- 1978-2023
- 46 common years
- Published measures
- 6
- 5,520 exact observations
- Comparison limit
- 2-4
- sectors plus U.S. baseline
Common years1978-2023 for every sector
Comparable unitspublished BDS percentages
Source custodyU.S. Census Bureau
Ranks describe rate magnitude, not competitive quality.
Longitudinal comparison workspace
Cross-sector trajectories without a composite score
138 displayed sector and national values across 46 exact BDS years.Entering establishments as a share of the Census BDS establishment denominator.
Period
- Latest spread
- 4.532 pp
- 2023 high to low
- Spread change
- -2.021 pp
- narrower since 1978
- Highest published rate
- 53
- 12.647% / not a quality rank
- Closest to U.S.
- 53
- +2.039 pp
Published sector trajectories
Establishment entry rate
Selected year2023+4.532 pp sector spread
- U.S. rate
- 10.608%
- Published national rate
- 52 Finance and insurance
- 8.115%
- -2.493 pp vs U.S.
- 53 Real estate and rental and leasing
- 12.647%
- +2.039 pp vs U.S.
46 annual observationsPublished rates + U.S. contextNo interpolation
Selected-sector ledger
2023 position and window history
- Latest
- 8.115%
- U.S. gap
- -2.493 pp
- Change
- -2.879 pp
- All-sector rank
- #14 / 19
- Window average
- 10.987%
- Above U.S.
- 15 / 46 years
- Latest
- 12.647%
- U.S. gap
- +2.039 pp
- Change
- -4.9 pp
- All-sector rank
- #5 / 19
- Window average
- 13.92%
- Above U.S.
- 46 / 46 years
Relative regime strip
Annual distance from the U.S. rate
Above U.S.Below U.S.
Selected year2023
52 -2.493 pp53 +2.039 pp
52Finance and insurance
53Real estate and rental and leasing
197820002023
Exact annual comparison
Published rates and same-year U.S. gaps
| Year | United States | 52 | 53 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 10.608%baseline | 8.115%-2.493 pp | 12.647%+2.039 pp |
| 2022 | 11.651%baseline | 9.399%-2.252 pp | 14.335%+2.684 pp |
| 2021 | 10.845%baseline | 9.136%-1.709 pp | 14.203%+3.358 pp |
| 2020 | 9.637%baseline | 7.455%-2.182 pp | 11.896%+2.259 pp |
| 2019 | 9.613%baseline | 8.09%-1.523 pp | 11.608%+1.995 pp |
| 2018 | 9.414%baseline | 8.396%-1.018 pp | 11.919%+2.505 pp |
| 2017 | 9.675%baseline | 7.745%-1.93 pp | 13.033%+3.358 pp |
| 2016 | 10.194%baseline | 9.585%-0.609 pp | 12.645%+2.451 pp |
| 2015 | 10.025%baseline | 8.822%-1.203 pp | 11.933%+1.908 pp |
| 2014 | 9.906%baseline | 8.67%-1.236 pp | 12.146%+2.24 pp |
| 2013 | 9.807%baseline | 8.019%-1.788 pp | 12.38%+2.573 pp |
| 2012 | 10.018%baseline | 9.667%-0.351 pp | 12.043%+2.025 pp |
| 2011 | 9.886%baseline | 8.511%-1.375 pp | 11.544%+1.658 pp |
| 2010 | 9.495%baseline | 8.711%-0.784 pp | 11.255%+1.76 pp |
| 2009 | 9.281%baseline | 8.909%-0.372 pp | 10.266%+0.985 pp |
| 2008 | 10.307%baseline | 10.43%+0.123 pp | 11.987%+1.68 pp |
| 2007 | 11.761%baseline | 13.118%+1.357 pp | 14.185%+2.424 pp |
| 2006 | 12.495%baseline | 14.192%+1.697 pp | 16.059%+3.564 pp |
| 2005 | 11.615%baseline | 13.222%+1.607 pp | 15.291%+3.676 pp |
| 2004 | 11.511%baseline | 12.299%+0.788 pp | 13.533%+2.022 pp |
| 2003 | 11.425%baseline | 12.933%+1.508 pp | 12.919%+1.494 pp |
| 2002 | 11.911%baseline | 13.349%+1.438 pp | 12.968%+1.057 pp |
| 2001 | 10.99%baseline | 13.049%+2.059 pp | 12.331%+1.341 pp |
| 2000 | 10.848%baseline | 12.94%+2.092 pp | 11.661%+0.813 pp |
| 1999 | 11.115%baseline | 13.06%+1.945 pp | 13.465%+2.35 pp |
| 1998 | 11.438%baseline | 12.667%+1.229 pp | 12.369%+0.931 pp |
| 1997 | 12.2%baseline | 13.444%+1.244 pp | 13.594%+1.394 pp |
| 1996 | 11.795%baseline | 11.048%-0.747 pp | 12.583%+0.788 pp |
| 1995 | 12.058%baseline | 11.048%-1.01 pp | 13.521%+1.463 pp |
| 1994 | 11.885%baseline | 12.878%+0.993 pp | 13.534%+1.649 pp |
| 1993 | 11.509%baseline | 10.238%-1.271 pp | 13.172%+1.663 pp |
| 1992 | 11.577%baseline | 10.408%-1.169 pp | 13.461%+1.884 pp |
| 1991 | 12.358%baseline | 17.192%+4.834 pp | 16.104%+3.746 pp |
| 1990 | 12.683%baseline | 12.15%-0.533 pp | 14.917%+2.234 pp |
| 1989 | 13.368%baseline | 14.653%+1.285 pp | 15.873%+2.505 pp |
| 1988 | 13.959%baseline | 12.816%-1.143 pp | 16.742%+2.783 pp |
| 1987 | 14.325%baseline | 11.937%-2.388 pp | 18.34%+4.015 pp |
| 1986 | 14.095%baseline | 11.318%-2.777 pp | 18.678%+4.583 pp |
| 1985 | 13.81%baseline | 11.318%-2.492 pp | 18.47%+4.66 pp |
| 1984 | 14.534%baseline | 11.694%-2.84 pp | 18.078%+3.544 pp |
| 1983 | 13.389%baseline | 12.964%-0.425 pp | 14.798%+1.409 pp |
| 1982 | 12.464%baseline | 8.677%-3.787 pp | 13.455%+0.991 pp |
| 1981 | 12.797%baseline | 9.767%-3.03 pp | 14.279%+1.482 pp |
| 1980 | 12.806%baseline | 9.336%-3.47 pp | 15.183%+2.377 pp |
| 1979 | 13.97%baseline | 11.047%-2.923 pp | 17.362%+3.392 pp |
| 1978 | 15.146%baseline | 10.994%-4.152 pp | 17.547%+2.401 pp |
Research reading
What changed, without assigning cause
The high-to-low spread moved from 6.553 pp in 1978 to 4.532 pp in 2023.
Real estate and rental and leasing is closest to the national rate in the final selected year. This is descriptive proximity, not a competitive assessment.
Cross-sector Business Dynamics Statistics comparisons are descriptive rate differences within published Census sector universes. A higher rate or rank is not a quality score, and the comparison does not establish concentration, market power, a legal antitrust market, or the cause of entry, exit, job creation, job destruction, or reallocation.
Interpretation boundary
A comparison of flows, not a verdict on competition.
Business Dynamics Statistics describe establishment and job-flow activity in broad Census sectors. Cross-sector differences can frame research questions, but product-market definition, concentration, conduct, entry conditions, and causal identification require separate evidence.