The selected-sector spread is 3.58 pp in 2023, from 13.016% to 9.436%.
Census BDS / comparative research desk
Sector Dynamics Comparison Studio
Compare sector entry, exit, and employment histories against national Business Dynamics Statistics. All comparisons retain the published year, rate, denominator, and population.
- Sector universe
- 19
- complete two-digit histories
- Annual coverage
- 1978-2023
- 46 common years
- Published measures
- 6
- 5,520 exact observations
- Comparison limit
- 2-4
- sectors plus U.S. baseline
Common years1978-2023 for every sector
Comparable unitspublished BDS percentages
Source custodyU.S. Census Bureau
Ranks describe rate magnitude, not competitive quality.
Longitudinal comparison workspace
Cross-sector trajectories without a composite score
138 displayed sector and national values across 46 exact BDS years.Entering establishments as a share of the Census BDS establishment denominator.
Period
- Latest spread
- 3.58 pp
- 2023 high to low
- Spread change
- -2.458 pp
- narrower since 1978
- Highest published rate
- 23
- 13.016% / not a quality rank
- Closest to U.S.
- 21
- -1.172 pp
Published sector trajectories
Establishment entry rate
Selected year2023+3.58 pp sector spread
- U.S. rate
- 10.608%
- Published national rate
- 21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction
- 9.436%
- -1.172 pp vs U.S.
- 23 Construction
- 13.016%
- +2.408 pp vs U.S.
46 annual observationsPublished rates + U.S. contextNo interpolation
Selected-sector ledger
2023 position and window history
- Latest
- 9.436%
- U.S. gap
- -1.172 pp
- Change
- -6.717 pp
- All-sector rank
- #13 / 19
- Window average
- 11.483%
- Above U.S.
- 15 / 46 years
- Latest
- 13.016%
- U.S. gap
- +2.408 pp
- Change
- -9.175 pp
- All-sector rank
- #3 / 19
- Window average
- 14.764%
- Above U.S.
- 46 / 46 years
Relative regime strip
Annual distance from the U.S. rate
Above U.S.Below U.S.
Selected year2023
21 -1.172 pp23 +2.408 pp
21Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction
23Construction
197820002023
Exact annual comparison
Published rates and same-year U.S. gaps
| Year | United States | 21 | 23 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 10.608%baseline | 9.436%-1.172 pp | 13.016%+2.408 pp |
| 2022 | 11.651%baseline | 9.652%-1.999 pp | 14.08%+2.429 pp |
| 2021 | 10.845%baseline | 7.011%-3.834 pp | 13.613%+2.768 pp |
| 2020 | 9.637%baseline | 8.153%-1.484 pp | 12.454%+2.817 pp |
| 2019 | 9.613%baseline | 9.449%-0.164 pp | 12.93%+3.317 pp |
| 2018 | 9.414%baseline | 9.332%-0.082 pp | 12.776%+3.362 pp |
| 2017 | 9.675%baseline | 9.947%+0.272 pp | 12.695%+3.02 pp |
| 2016 | 10.194%baseline | 7.526%-2.668 pp | 13.35%+3.156 pp |
| 2015 | 10.025%baseline | 10.439%+0.414 pp | 13.22%+3.195 pp |
| 2014 | 9.906%baseline | 10.658%+0.752 pp | 13.094%+3.188 pp |
| 2013 | 9.807%baseline | 10.199%+0.392 pp | 12.78%+2.973 pp |
| 2012 | 10.018%baseline | 11.613%+1.595 pp | 13.82%+3.802 pp |
| 2011 | 9.886%baseline | 11.194%+1.308 pp | 13.225%+3.339 pp |
| 2010 | 9.495%baseline | 9.38%-0.115 pp | 11.834%+2.339 pp |
| 2009 | 9.281%baseline | 10.507%+1.226 pp | 9.919%+0.638 pp |
| 2008 | 10.307%baseline | 11.258%+0.951 pp | 11.821%+1.514 pp |
| 2007 | 11.761%baseline | 14.339%+2.578 pp | 14.166%+2.405 pp |
| 2006 | 12.495%baseline | 13.076%+0.581 pp | 16.686%+4.191 pp |
| 2005 | 11.615%baseline | 10.274%-1.341 pp | 15.75%+4.135 pp |
| 2004 | 11.511%baseline | 9.85%-1.661 pp | 15.954%+4.443 pp |
| 2003 | 11.425%baseline | 8.737%-2.688 pp | 14.38%+2.955 pp |
| 2002 | 11.911%baseline | 11.787%-0.124 pp | 13.395%+1.484 pp |
| 2001 | 10.99%baseline | 10.794%-0.196 pp | 12.461%+1.471 pp |
| 2000 | 10.848%baseline | 9.99%-0.858 pp | 12.972%+2.124 pp |
| 1999 | 11.115%baseline | 8.582%-2.533 pp | 13.767%+2.652 pp |
| 1998 | 11.438%baseline | 9.835%-1.603 pp | 13.828%+2.39 pp |
| 1997 | 12.2%baseline | 10.873%-1.327 pp | 14.799%+2.599 pp |
| 1996 | 11.795%baseline | 9.492%-2.303 pp | 14.781%+2.986 pp |
| 1995 | 12.058%baseline | 9.619%-2.439 pp | 16.459%+4.401 pp |
| 1994 | 11.885%baseline | 10.565%-1.32 pp | 16.161%+4.276 pp |
| 1993 | 11.509%baseline | 10.785%-0.724 pp | 15.651%+4.142 pp |
| 1992 | 11.577%baseline | 10.406%-1.171 pp | 14.348%+2.771 pp |
| 1991 | 12.358%baseline | 11.619%-0.739 pp | 13.692%+1.334 pp |
| 1990 | 12.683%baseline | 11.651%-1.032 pp | 15.859%+3.176 pp |
| 1989 | 13.368%baseline | 11.264%-2.104 pp | 15.866%+2.498 pp |
| 1988 | 13.959%baseline | 12.778%-1.181 pp | 16.859%+2.9 pp |
| 1987 | 14.325%baseline | 11.573%-2.752 pp | 18.84%+4.515 pp |
| 1986 | 14.095%baseline | 11.266%-2.829 pp | 18.31%+4.215 pp |
| 1985 | 13.81%baseline | 13.413%-0.397 pp | 19.127%+5.317 pp |
| 1984 | 14.534%baseline | 13.982%-0.552 pp | 19.656%+5.122 pp |
| 1983 | 13.389%baseline | 13.338%-0.051 pp | 16.033%+2.644 pp |
| 1982 | 12.464%baseline | 21.536%+9.072 pp | 13.25%+0.786 pp |
| 1981 | 12.797%baseline | 21.609%+8.812 pp | 14.273%+1.476 pp |
| 1980 | 12.806%baseline | 16.524%+3.718 pp | 15.879%+3.073 pp |
| 1979 | 13.97%baseline | 16.735%+2.765 pp | 19.11%+5.14 pp |
| 1978 | 15.146%baseline | 16.153%+1.007 pp | 22.191%+7.045 pp |
Research reading
What changed, without assigning cause
The high-to-low spread moved from 6.038 pp in 1978 to 3.58 pp in 2023.
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction is closest to the national rate in the final selected year. This is descriptive proximity, not a competitive assessment.
Cross-sector Business Dynamics Statistics comparisons are descriptive rate differences within published Census sector universes. A higher rate or rank is not a quality score, and the comparison does not establish concentration, market power, a legal antitrust market, or the cause of entry, exit, job creation, job destruction, or reallocation.
Interpretation boundary
A comparison of flows, not a verdict on competition.
Business Dynamics Statistics describe establishment and job-flow activity in broad Census sectors. Cross-sector differences can frame research questions, but product-market definition, concentration, conduct, entry conditions, and causal identification require separate evidence.