The selected-sector spread is 4.17 pp in 2023, from 9.436% to 5.266%.
Census BDS / comparative research desk
Sector Dynamics Comparison Studio
Compare sector entry, exit, and employment histories against national Business Dynamics Statistics. All comparisons retain the published year, rate, denominator, and population.
- Sector universe
- 19
- complete two-digit histories
- Annual coverage
- 1978-2023
- 46 common years
- Published measures
- 6
- 5,520 exact observations
- Comparison limit
- 2-4
- sectors plus U.S. baseline
Common years1978-2023 for every sector
Comparable unitspublished BDS percentages
Source custodyU.S. Census Bureau
Ranks describe rate magnitude, not competitive quality.
Longitudinal comparison workspace
Cross-sector trajectories without a composite score
138 displayed sector and national values across 46 exact BDS years.Entering establishments as a share of the Census BDS establishment denominator.
Period
Unrecognized comparison filters were replaced with the nearest valid BDS state.
- Latest spread
- 4.17 pp
- 2023 high to low
- Spread change
- -3.977 pp
- narrower since 1978
- Highest published rate
- 21
- 9.436% / not a quality rank
- Closest to U.S.
- 21
- -1.172 pp
Published sector trajectories
Establishment entry rate
Selected year2023+4.17 pp sector spread
- U.S. rate
- 10.608%
- Published national rate
- 21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction
- 9.436%
- -1.172 pp vs U.S.
- 22 Utilities
- 5.266%
- -5.342 pp vs U.S.
46 annual observationsPublished rates + U.S. contextNo interpolation
Selected-sector ledger
2023 position and window history
- Latest
- 9.436%
- U.S. gap
- -1.172 pp
- Change
- -6.717 pp
- All-sector rank
- #13 / 19
- Window average
- 11.483%
- Above U.S.
- 15 / 46 years
- Latest
- 5.266%
- U.S. gap
- -5.342 pp
- Change
- -2.74 pp
- All-sector rank
- #19 / 19
- Window average
- 6.75%
- Above U.S.
- 1 / 46 years
Relative regime strip
Annual distance from the U.S. rate
Above U.S.Below U.S.
Selected year2023
21 -1.172 pp22 -5.342 pp
21Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction
22Utilities
197820002023
Exact annual comparison
Published rates and same-year U.S. gaps
| Year | United States | 21 | 22 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 10.608%baseline | 9.436%-1.172 pp | 5.266%-5.342 pp |
| 2022 | 11.651%baseline | 9.652%-1.999 pp | 7.818%-3.833 pp |
| 2021 | 10.845%baseline | 7.011%-3.834 pp | 6.66%-4.185 pp |
| 2020 | 9.637%baseline | 8.153%-1.484 pp | 5.005%-4.632 pp |
| 2019 | 9.613%baseline | 9.449%-0.164 pp | 5.085%-4.528 pp |
| 2018 | 9.414%baseline | 9.332%-0.082 pp | 10.765%+1.351 pp |
| 2017 | 9.675%baseline | 9.947%+0.272 pp | 6.097%-3.578 pp |
| 2016 | 10.194%baseline | 7.526%-2.668 pp | 6.103%-4.091 pp |
| 2015 | 10.025%baseline | 10.439%+0.414 pp | 5.463%-4.562 pp |
| 2014 | 9.906%baseline | 10.658%+0.752 pp | 4.952%-4.954 pp |
| 2013 | 9.807%baseline | 10.199%+0.392 pp | 5.741%-4.066 pp |
| 2012 | 10.018%baseline | 11.613%+1.595 pp | 5.447%-4.571 pp |
| 2011 | 9.886%baseline | 11.194%+1.308 pp | 5.769%-4.117 pp |
| 2010 | 9.495%baseline | 9.38%-0.115 pp | 6.549%-2.946 pp |
| 2009 | 9.281%baseline | 10.507%+1.226 pp | 7.736%-1.545 pp |
| 2008 | 10.307%baseline | 11.258%+0.951 pp | 8.1%-2.207 pp |
| 2007 | 11.761%baseline | 14.339%+2.578 pp | 6.413%-5.348 pp |
| 2006 | 12.495%baseline | 13.076%+0.581 pp | 6.709%-5.786 pp |
| 2005 | 11.615%baseline | 10.274%-1.341 pp | 6.14%-5.475 pp |
| 2004 | 11.511%baseline | 9.85%-1.661 pp | 6.886%-4.625 pp |
| 2003 | 11.425%baseline | 8.737%-2.688 pp | 8.47%-2.955 pp |
| 2002 | 11.911%baseline | 11.787%-0.124 pp | 7.503%-4.408 pp |
| 2001 | 10.99%baseline | 10.794%-0.196 pp | 8.952%-2.038 pp |
| 2000 | 10.848%baseline | 9.99%-0.858 pp | 9.67%-1.178 pp |
| 1999 | 11.115%baseline | 8.582%-2.533 pp | 9.838%-1.277 pp |
| 1998 | 11.438%baseline | 9.835%-1.603 pp | 9.203%-2.235 pp |
| 1997 | 12.2%baseline | 10.873%-1.327 pp | 6.121%-6.079 pp |
| 1996 | 11.795%baseline | 9.492%-2.303 pp | 8.11%-3.685 pp |
| 1995 | 12.058%baseline | 9.619%-2.439 pp | 6.797%-5.261 pp |
| 1994 | 11.885%baseline | 10.565%-1.32 pp | 5.835%-6.05 pp |
| 1993 | 11.509%baseline | 10.785%-0.724 pp | 6.427%-5.082 pp |
| 1992 | 11.577%baseline | 10.406%-1.171 pp | 8.387%-3.19 pp |
| 1991 | 12.358%baseline | 11.619%-0.739 pp | 9.16%-3.198 pp |
| 1990 | 12.683%baseline | 11.651%-1.032 pp | 7.431%-5.252 pp |
| 1989 | 13.368%baseline | 11.264%-2.104 pp | 6.343%-7.025 pp |
| 1988 | 13.959%baseline | 12.778%-1.181 pp | 7.523%-6.436 pp |
| 1987 | 14.325%baseline | 11.573%-2.752 pp | 5.294%-9.031 pp |
| 1986 | 14.095%baseline | 11.266%-2.829 pp | 6.347%-7.748 pp |
| 1985 | 13.81%baseline | 13.413%-0.397 pp | 5.248%-8.562 pp |
| 1984 | 14.534%baseline | 13.982%-0.552 pp | 5.974%-8.56 pp |
| 1983 | 13.389%baseline | 13.338%-0.051 pp | 4.911%-8.478 pp |
| 1982 | 12.464%baseline | 21.536%+9.072 pp | 3.778%-8.686 pp |
| 1981 | 12.797%baseline | 21.609%+8.812 pp | 5.136%-7.661 pp |
| 1980 | 12.806%baseline | 16.524%+3.718 pp | 4.733%-8.073 pp |
| 1979 | 13.97%baseline | 16.735%+2.765 pp | 6.596%-7.374 pp |
| 1978 | 15.146%baseline | 16.153%+1.007 pp | 8.006%-7.14 pp |
Research reading
What changed, without assigning cause
The high-to-low spread moved from 8.147 pp in 1978 to 4.17 pp in 2023.
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction is closest to the national rate in the final selected year. This is descriptive proximity, not a competitive assessment.
Cross-sector Business Dynamics Statistics comparisons are descriptive rate differences within published Census sector universes. A higher rate or rank is not a quality score, and the comparison does not establish concentration, market power, a legal antitrust market, or the cause of entry, exit, job creation, job destruction, or reallocation.
Interpretation boundary
A comparison of flows, not a verdict on competition.
Business Dynamics Statistics describe establishment and job-flow activity in broad Census sectors. Cross-sector differences can frame research questions, but product-market definition, concentration, conduct, entry conditions, and causal identification require separate evidence.