{"license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","dataset":"signals","count":6,"updatedThrough":"2026-07-21","summary":{"concentrationSignalCount":6,"decreasedCount":5,"domainCount":1,"earliestPriorYear":2015,"entityCount":6,"increasedCount":1,"latestSourceAccessDate":"2026-07-21","latestYear":2025,"dynamismSignalCount":0,"geographySignalCount":6,"marketSignalCount":0,"mergerSignalCount":0,"sectorSignalCount":0,"signalCount":6,"sourceCount":2,"unchangedCount":0},"universeSummary":{"concentrationSignalCount":38,"decreasedCount":26,"domainCount":5,"earliestPriorYear":1995,"entityCount":32,"increasedCount":19,"latestSourceAccessDate":"2026-07-21","latestYear":2026,"dynamismSignalCount":6,"geographySignalCount":6,"marketSignalCount":15,"mergerSignalCount":2,"sectorSignalCount":17,"signalCount":46,"sourceCount":12,"unchangedCount":1},"guardrail":"Every signal compares declared observed anchors inside the same series or cross-section. Missing years are not interpolated, intervals are not annualized, and market, industry, geographic, business-flow, and merger measures keep separate units, universes, period bases, and legal meanings. Antitrust Radar does not combine them into a composite competition score.","filters":{"direction":"all","directionMatched":true,"domain":"geographies","domainMatched":true,"lens":"all","lensMatched":true,"metric":"all","metricMatched":true,"query":"","signal":null,"signalMatched":true},"activeSignalId":"fixed-broadband-hhi:tract-median","metrics":[{"id":"market-hhi","label":"Defined-market HHI","lens":"concentration","unit":"hhi_points"},{"id":"market-cr4","label":"Defined-market CR4","lens":"concentration","unit":"percentage_points"},{"id":"market-leader-share","label":"Leading-participant share","lens":"concentration","unit":"percentage_points"},{"id":"industry-median-hhi","label":"Detailed-industry median HHI","lens":"concentration","unit":"hhi_points"},{"id":"state-bank-median-hhi","label":"Median statewide bank-deposit HHI","lens":"concentration","unit":"hhi_points"},{"id":"national-bank-deposit-hhi","label":"National bank-deposit HHI","lens":"concentration","unit":"hhi_points"},{"id":"fixed-broadband-hhi","label":"Fixed broadband HHI by geographic scale","lens":"concentration","unit":"hhi_points"},{"id":"establishment-entry-rate","label":"Establishment entry rate","lens":"activity","unit":"percentage_points"},{"id":"establishment-exit-rate","label":"Establishment exit rate","lens":"activity","unit":"percentage_points"},{"id":"job-creation-rate","label":"Job creation rate","lens":"activity","unit":"percentage_points"},{"id":"job-destruction-rate","label":"Job destruction rate","lens":"activity","unit":"percentage_points"},{"id":"net-job-creation-rate","label":"Net job creation rate","lens":"activity","unit":"percentage_points"},{"id":"reallocation-rate","label":"Excess job reallocation rate","lens":"activity","unit":"percentage_points"},{"id":"hsr-transactions","label":"HSR transactions reported","lens":"activity","unit":"count"},{"id":"hsr-second-request-rate","label":"HSR Second Request rate","lens":"activity","unit":"percentage_points"}],"rows":[{"id":"fixed-broadband-hhi:tract-median","domain":"geographies","domainLabel":"Broadband geographies","lens":"concentration","entityId":"fixed-broadband-tract-median","entityCode":"tract-median","entityLabel":"Median census tract","metricId":"fixed-broadband-hhi","metricLabel":"Residential fixed broadband Tract median","unit":"hhi_points","periodBasis":"calendar_year","priorYear":2023,"priorPeriod":"Dec 2023","priorValue":5859,"priorSourceId":"fcc-internet-access-dec-2024","latestYear":2024,"latestPeriod":"Dec 2024","latestValue":5504,"latestSourceId":"fcc-internet-access-dec-2024","yearsBetween":1,"delta":-355,"deltaPercent":-6.1,"direction":"decreased","evidenceCount":9,"evidenceLabel":"9 FCC semiannual observations / Dec 2020-Dec 2024","dataStatus":"verified","confidenceLevel":"high","sourceCount":1,"sourceIds":["fcc-internet-access-dec-2024"],"publishers":["Federal Communications Commission"],"latestSourceAccessDate":"2026-07-21","observation":"Median census tract moved from HHI 5,859 in Dec 2023 to 5,504 in Dec 2024 (-355 HHI points).","interpretation":"The December 2024 tract median is lower than its December 2023 anchor. This geographic summary does not define a legal broadband market or identify why provider shares changed.","researchQuestion":"Which areas and provider-share changes account for movement in the tract median, and how wide is the distribution hidden by the median?","comparisonNote":"December 2024 versus December 2023 in the same FCC geographic summary. The intervening June release remains visible in the broadband atlas and is not used as the annual comparison anchor.","guardrail":"The FCC series reports HHI for residential fixed connections of at least 100 Mbps downstream and 20 Mbps upstream. The national value and medians across states, counties, and census tracts describe different geographic summaries; they are not interchangeable legal market definitions, and a median does not describe the full distribution within or across areas.","entityHref":"/geographies/broadband?scope=tract-median","explorerHref":"/geographies/broadband?scope=tract-median&period=2024-12#fixed-broadband-atlas","monitorHref":"/economy/monitor?signal=fixed-broadband-hhi%3Atract-median#competition-monitor-console"},{"id":"fixed-broadband-hhi:county-median","domain":"geographies","domainLabel":"Broadband geographies","lens":"concentration","entityId":"fixed-broadband-county-median","entityCode":"county-median","entityLabel":"Median county","metricId":"fixed-broadband-hhi","metricLabel":"Residential fixed broadband County median","unit":"hhi_points","periodBasis":"calendar_year","priorYear":2023,"priorPeriod":"Dec 2023","priorValue":5356,"priorSourceId":"fcc-internet-access-dec-2024","latestYear":2024,"latestPeriod":"Dec 2024","latestValue":4599,"latestSourceId":"fcc-internet-access-dec-2024","yearsBetween":1,"delta":-757,"deltaPercent":-14.1,"direction":"decreased","evidenceCount":9,"evidenceLabel":"9 FCC semiannual observations / Dec 2020-Dec 2024","dataStatus":"verified","confidenceLevel":"high","sourceCount":1,"sourceIds":["fcc-internet-access-dec-2024"],"publishers":["Federal Communications Commission"],"latestSourceAccessDate":"2026-07-21","observation":"Median county moved from HHI 5,356 in Dec 2023 to 4,599 in Dec 2024 (-757 HHI points).","interpretation":"The December 2024 county median is lower than its December 2023 anchor. This geographic summary does not define a legal broadband market or identify why provider shares changed.","researchQuestion":"Which areas and provider-share changes account for movement in the county median, and how wide is the distribution hidden by the median?","comparisonNote":"December 2024 versus December 2023 in the same FCC geographic summary. The intervening June release remains visible in the broadband atlas and is not used as the annual comparison anchor.","guardrail":"The FCC series reports HHI for residential fixed connections of at least 100 Mbps downstream and 20 Mbps upstream. The national value and medians across states, counties, and census tracts describe different geographic summaries; they are not interchangeable legal market definitions, and a median does not describe the full distribution within or across areas.","entityHref":"/geographies/broadband?scope=county-median","explorerHref":"/geographies/broadband?scope=county-median&period=2024-12#fixed-broadband-atlas","monitorHref":"/economy/monitor?signal=fixed-broadband-hhi%3Acounty-median#competition-monitor-console"},{"id":"fixed-broadband-hhi:state-median","domain":"geographies","domainLabel":"Broadband geographies","lens":"concentration","entityId":"fixed-broadband-state-median","entityCode":"state-median","entityLabel":"Median state","metricId":"fixed-broadband-hhi","metricLabel":"Residential fixed broadband State median","unit":"hhi_points","periodBasis":"calendar_year","priorYear":2023,"priorPeriod":"Dec 2023","priorValue":2994,"priorSourceId":"fcc-internet-access-dec-2024","latestYear":2024,"latestPeriod":"Dec 2024","latestValue":2937,"latestSourceId":"fcc-internet-access-dec-2024","yearsBetween":1,"delta":-57,"deltaPercent":-1.9,"direction":"decreased","evidenceCount":9,"evidenceLabel":"9 FCC semiannual observations / Dec 2020-Dec 2024","dataStatus":"verified","confidenceLevel":"high","sourceCount":1,"sourceIds":["fcc-internet-access-dec-2024"],"publishers":["Federal Communications Commission"],"latestSourceAccessDate":"2026-07-21","observation":"Median state moved from HHI 2,994 in Dec 2023 to 2,937 in Dec 2024 (-57 HHI points).","interpretation":"The December 2024 state median is lower than its December 2023 anchor. This geographic summary does not define a legal broadband market or identify why provider shares changed.","researchQuestion":"Which areas and provider-share changes account for movement in the state median, and how wide is the distribution hidden by the median?","comparisonNote":"December 2024 versus December 2023 in the same FCC geographic summary. The intervening June release remains visible in the broadband atlas and is not used as the annual comparison anchor.","guardrail":"The FCC series reports HHI for residential fixed connections of at least 100 Mbps downstream and 20 Mbps upstream. The national value and medians across states, counties, and census tracts describe different geographic summaries; they are not interchangeable legal market definitions, and a median does not describe the full distribution within or across areas.","entityHref":"/geographies/broadband?scope=state-median","explorerHref":"/geographies/broadband?scope=state-median&period=2024-12#fixed-broadband-atlas","monitorHref":"/economy/monitor?signal=fixed-broadband-hhi%3Astate-median#competition-monitor-console"},{"id":"state-bank-median-hhi","domain":"geographies","domainLabel":"Geographic systems","lens":"concentration","entityId":"state-banking-screen","entityCode":"state-banking-screen","entityLabel":"Statewide branch-deposit screens","metricId":"state-bank-median-hhi","metricLabel":"Median statewide bank-deposit HHI","unit":"hhi_points","periodBasis":"calendar_year","priorYear":2015,"priorPeriod":"2015","priorValue":958,"priorSourceId":"fdic-sod-2025","latestYear":2025,"latestPeriod":"2025","latestValue":903,"latestSourceId":"fdic-sod-2025","yearsBetween":10,"delta":-55,"deltaPercent":-5.7,"direction":"decreased","evidenceCount":561,"evidenceLabel":"561 state-year rows / 11 annual 51-jurisdiction cross-sections","dataStatus":"estimated_public","confidenceLevel":"high","sourceCount":1,"sourceIds":["fdic-sod-2025"],"publishers":["Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation"],"latestSourceAccessDate":"2026-07-19","observation":"The annual 51-jurisdiction median branch-deposit HHI moved from 958 in 2015 to 903 in 2025 (-55.0 HHI points).","interpretation":"The later branch-deposit screen is lower than the 2015 anchor. This descriptive movement does not define a legal banking market, identify a cause, or measure every banking product.","researchQuestion":"Which state-specific paths, ownership-reporting changes, branch-booking patterns, entry, exit, or consolidation events account for movement beneath the cross-sectional median?","comparisonNote":"Difference between independently observed 2015 and 2025 cross-sectional medians across the same 51-jurisdiction statewide screen; intermediate years remain available but are not interpolated.","guardrail":"Annual statewide and national rows are independent June 30 branch-deposit screens, not interpolated observations or legal market definitions. Reported ownership structures, branch booking, and jurisdiction coverage can change between vintages; deposit values are nominal and should not be read as inflation-adjusted growth.","entityHref":"/geographies#state-competition-systems","explorerHref":"/geographies?bankYear=2025&bankMetric=hhi#state-banking-history","monitorHref":"/economy/monitor?signal=state-bank-median-hhi#competition-monitor-console"},{"id":"fixed-broadband-hhi:nation","domain":"geographies","domainLabel":"Broadband geographies","lens":"concentration","entityId":"fixed-broadband-nation","entityCode":"nation","entityLabel":"U.S. fixed broadband connections","metricId":"fixed-broadband-hhi","metricLabel":"Residential fixed broadband National HHI","unit":"hhi_points","periodBasis":"calendar_year","priorYear":2023,"priorPeriod":"Dec 2023","priorValue":1195,"priorSourceId":"fcc-internet-access-dec-2024","latestYear":2024,"latestPeriod":"Dec 2024","latestValue":1501,"latestSourceId":"fcc-internet-access-dec-2024","yearsBetween":1,"delta":306,"deltaPercent":25.6,"direction":"increased","evidenceCount":9,"evidenceLabel":"9 FCC semiannual observations / Dec 2020-Dec 2024","dataStatus":"verified","confidenceLevel":"high","sourceCount":1,"sourceIds":["fcc-internet-access-dec-2024"],"publishers":["Federal Communications Commission"],"latestSourceAccessDate":"2026-07-21","observation":"United States moved from HHI 1,195 in Dec 2023 to 1,501 in Dec 2024 (+306 HHI points).","interpretation":"The December 2024 national hhi is higher than its December 2023 anchor. This geographic summary does not define a legal broadband market or identify why provider shares changed.","researchQuestion":"What provider-share, technology, speed-tier, entry, and geographic composition changes explain the rise in national HHI while median subnational HHIs declined?","comparisonNote":"December 2024 versus December 2023 in the same FCC geographic summary. The intervening June release remains visible in the broadband atlas and is not used as the annual comparison anchor.","guardrail":"The FCC series reports HHI for residential fixed connections of at least 100 Mbps downstream and 20 Mbps upstream. The national value and medians across states, counties, and census tracts describe different geographic summaries; they are not interchangeable legal market definitions, and a median does not describe the full distribution within or across areas.","entityHref":"/geographies/broadband?scope=nation","explorerHref":"/geographies/broadband?scope=nation&period=2024-12#fixed-broadband-atlas","monitorHref":"/economy/monitor?signal=fixed-broadband-hhi%3Anation#competition-monitor-console"},{"id":"national-bank-deposit-hhi","domain":"geographies","domainLabel":"Geographic systems","lens":"concentration","entityId":"us-bank-branch-deposits","entityCode":"us-bank-branch-deposits","entityLabel":"United States branch-deposit screen","metricId":"national-bank-deposit-hhi","metricLabel":"National bank-deposit HHI","unit":"hhi_points","periodBasis":"calendar_year","priorYear":2015,"priorPeriod":"2015","priorValue":410,"priorSourceId":"fdic-sod-2025","latestYear":2025,"latestPeriod":"2025","latestValue":401,"latestSourceId":"fdic-sod-2025","yearsBetween":10,"delta":-9,"deltaPercent":-2.2,"direction":"decreased","evidenceCount":11,"evidenceLabel":"11 national annual rows / 2015-2025","dataStatus":"estimated_public","confidenceLevel":"high","sourceCount":1,"sourceIds":["fdic-sod-2025"],"publishers":["Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation"],"latestSourceAccessDate":"2026-07-19","observation":"The national branch-deposit HHI moved from 410 in 2015 to 401 in 2025 (-9.0 HHI points).","interpretation":"The later branch-deposit screen is lower than the 2015 anchor. This descriptive movement does not define a legal banking market, identify a cause, or measure every banking product.","researchQuestion":"How can the nearly stable national aggregate be reconciled with state-level movement, organization turnover, branch change, and nominal deposit growth?","comparisonNote":"Difference between the independently observed 2015 and 2025 national Summary of Deposits aggregates; annual state cross-sections remain a separate geographic universe.","guardrail":"Annual statewide and national rows are independent June 30 branch-deposit screens, not interpolated observations or legal market definitions. Reported ownership structures, branch booking, and jurisdiction coverage can change between vintages; deposit values are nominal and should not be read as inflation-adjusted growth.","entityHref":"/geographies#state-competition-systems","explorerHref":"/geographies?bankYear=2025&bankMetric=hhi#state-banking-history","monitorHref":"/economy/monitor?signal=national-bank-deposit-hhi#competition-monitor-console"}]}