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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2017-04","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2017-04","year":2017,"value":null,"displayValue":"n/a","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"not_calculable","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2017-05","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2017-05","year":2017,"value":null,"displayValue":"n/a","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"not_calculable","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2017-06","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2017-06","year":2017,"value":null,"displayValue":"n/a","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"not_calculable","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2017-07","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2017-07","year":2017,"value":null,"displayValue":"n/a","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"not_calculable","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2017-08","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2017-08","year":2017,"value":null,"displayValue":"n/a","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"not_calculable","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2017-09","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2017-09","year":2017,"value":null,"displayValue":"n/a","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"not_calculable","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2017-10","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2017-10","year":2017,"value":null,"displayValue":"n/a","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"not_calculable","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2017-11","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2017-11","year":2017,"value":null,"displayValue":"n/a","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"not_calculable","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2017-12","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2017-12","year":2017,"value":null,"displayValue":"n/a","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"not_calculable","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2018-01","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2018-01","year":2018,"value":2.070508,"displayValue":"2.1%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2018-02","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2018-02","year":2018,"value":2.211795,"displayValue":"2.2%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2018-03","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2018-03","year":2018,"value":2.359711,"displayValue":"2.4%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2018-04","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2018-04","year":2018,"value":2.462744,"displayValue":"2.5%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2018-05","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2018-05","year":2018,"value":2.801012,"displayValue":"2.8%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2018-06","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2018-06","year":2018,"value":2.871548,"displayValue":"2.9%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2018-07","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2018-07","year":2018,"value":2.949515,"displayValue":"2.9%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2018-08","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2018-08","year":2018,"value":2.69918,"displayValue":"2.7%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2018-09","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2018-09","year":2018,"value":2.276972,"displayValue":"2.3%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2018-10","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2018-10","year":2018,"value":2.52247,"displayValue":"2.5%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2018-11","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2018-11","year":2018,"value":2.176601,"displayValue":"2.2%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2018-12","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2018-12","year":2018,"value":1.910159,"displayValue":"1.9%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2019-01","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2019-01","year":2019,"value":1.551235,"displayValue":"1.6%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2019-02","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2019-02","year":2019,"value":1.520135,"displayValue":"1.5%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2019-03","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2019-03","year":2019,"value":1.862523,"displayValue":"1.9%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2019-04","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2019-04","year":2019,"value":1.99644,"displayValue":"2.0%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2019-05","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2019-05","year":2019,"value":1.790228,"displayValue":"1.8%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2019-06","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2019-06","year":2019,"value":1.648485,"displayValue":"1.6%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2019-07","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2019-07","year":2019,"value":1.811465,"displayValue":"1.8%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2019-08","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2019-08","year":2019,"value":1.74978,"displayValue":"1.7%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2019-09","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2019-09","year":2019,"value":1.711305,"displayValue":"1.7%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2019-10","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2019-10","year":2019,"value":1.764043,"displayValue":"1.8%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2019-11","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2019-11","year":2019,"value":2.051278,"displayValue":"2.1%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2019-12","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2019-12","year":2019,"value":2.28513,"displayValue":"2.3%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2020-01","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2020-01","year":2020,"value":2.486572,"displayValue":"2.5%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2020-02","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2020-02","year":2020,"value":2.334874,"displayValue":"2.3%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2020-03","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2020-03","year":2020,"value":1.539327,"displayValue":"1.5%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2020-04","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2020-04","year":2020,"value":0.329097,"displayValue":"0.3%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2020-05","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2020-05","year":2020,"value":0.117926,"displayValue":"0.1%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2020-06","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2020-06","year":2020,"value":0.645733,"displayValue":"0.6%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2020-07","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2020-07","year":2020,"value":0.986082,"displayValue":"1.0%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2020-08","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2020-08","year":2020,"value":1.309645,"displayValue":"1.3%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2020-09","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2020-09","year":2020,"value":1.371325,"displayValue":"1.4%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2020-10","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2020-10","year":2020,"value":1.182066,"displayValue":"1.2%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2020-11","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2020-11","year":2020,"value":1.174536,"displayValue":"1.2%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2020-12","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2020-12","year":2020,"value":1.362005,"displayValue":"1.4%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2021-01","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2021-01","year":2021,"value":1.39977,"displayValue":"1.4%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2021-02","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2021-02","year":2021,"value":1.676215,"displayValue":"1.7%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2021-03","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2021-03","year":2021,"value":2.619763,"displayValue":"2.6%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2021-04","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2021-04","year":2021,"value":4.159695,"displayValue":"4.2%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2021-05","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2021-05","year":2021,"value":4.992707,"displayValue":"5.0%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2021-06","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2021-06","year":2021,"value":5.391451,"displayValue":"5.4%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2021-07","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2021-07","year":2021,"value":5.365475,"displayValue":"5.4%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2021-08","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2021-08","year":2021,"value":5.251272,"displayValue":"5.3%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2021-09","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2021-09","year":2021,"value":5.390349,"displayValue":"5.4%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2021-10","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2021-10","year":2021,"value":6.221869,"displayValue":"6.2%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2021-11","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2021-11","year":2021,"value":6.809003,"displayValue":"6.8%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2021-12","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2021-12","year":2021,"value":7.036403,"displayValue":"7.0%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2022-01","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2022-01","year":2022,"value":7.479872,"displayValue":"7.5%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2022-02","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2022-02","year":2022,"value":7.871064,"displayValue":"7.9%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2022-03","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2022-03","year":2022,"value":8.542456,"displayValue":"8.5%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2022-04","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2022-04","year":2022,"value":8.258629,"displayValue":"8.3%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2022-05","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2022-05","year":2022,"value":8.581512,"displayValue":"8.6%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2022-06","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2022-06","year":2022,"value":9.059758,"displayValue":"9.1%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2022-07","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2022-07","year":2022,"value":8.524815,"displayValue":"8.5%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2022-08","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2022-08","year":2022,"value":8.262693,"displayValue":"8.3%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2022-09","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2022-09","year":2022,"value":8.20167,"displayValue":"8.2%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2022-10","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2022-10","year":2022,"value":7.745427,"displayValue":"7.7%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2022-11","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2022-11","year":2022,"value":7.110323,"displayValue":"7.1%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2022-12","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2022-12","year":2022,"value":6.454401,"displayValue":"6.5%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2023-01","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2023-01","year":2023,"value":6.410147,"displayValue":"6.4%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2023-02","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2023-02","year":2023,"value":6.035613,"displayValue":"6.0%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2023-03","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2023-03","year":2023,"value":4.984974,"displayValue":"5.0%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2023-04","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2023-04","year":2023,"value":4.93032,"displayValue":"4.9%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2023-05","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2023-05","year":2023,"value":4.047609,"displayValue":"4.0%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2023-06","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2023-06","year":2023,"value":2.969178,"displayValue":"3.0%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2023-07","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2023-07","year":2023,"value":3.17778,"displayValue":"3.2%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2023-08","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2023-08","year":2023,"value":3.665112,"displayValue":"3.7%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2023-09","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2023-09","year":2023,"value":3.699698,"displayValue":"3.7%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2023-10","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2023-10","year":2023,"value":3.241145,"displayValue":"3.2%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2023-11","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2023-11","year":2023,"value":3.137271,"displayValue":"3.1%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2023-12","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2023-12","year":2023,"value":3.352123,"displayValue":"3.4%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2024-01","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2024-01","year":2024,"value":3.090885,"displayValue":"3.1%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2024-02","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2024-02","year":2024,"value":3.153171,"displayValue":"3.2%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2024-03","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2024-03","year":2024,"value":3.477385,"displayValue":"3.5%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2024-04","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2024-04","year":2024,"value":3.357364,"displayValue":"3.4%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2024-05","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2024-05","year":2024,"value":3.269029,"displayValue":"3.3%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2024-06","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2024-06","year":2024,"value":2.971397,"displayValue":"3.0%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2024-07","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2024-07","year":2024,"value":2.894753,"displayValue":"2.9%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2024-08","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2024-08","year":2024,"value":2.53073,"displayValue":"2.5%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2024-09","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2024-09","year":2024,"value":2.440633,"displayValue":"2.4%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2024-10","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2024-10","year":2024,"value":2.597905,"displayValue":"2.6%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2024-11","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2024-11","year":2024,"value":2.74938,"displayValue":"2.7%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2024-12","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2024-12","year":2024,"value":2.888057,"displayValue":"2.9%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2025-01","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2025-01","year":2025,"value":3.000483,"displayValue":"3.0%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2025-02","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2025-02","year":2025,"value":2.821549,"displayValue":"2.8%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2025-03","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2025-03","year":2025,"value":2.390725,"displayValue":"2.4%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2025-04","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2025-04","year":2025,"value":2.311289,"displayValue":"2.3%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2025-05","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2025-05","year":2025,"value":2.354897,"displayValue":"2.4%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2025-06","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2025-06","year":2025,"value":2.669213,"displayValue":"2.7%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2025-07","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2025-07","year":2025,"value":2.704902,"displayValue":"2.7%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2025-08","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2025-08","year":2025,"value":2.916174,"displayValue":"2.9%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2025-09","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2025-09","year":2025,"value":3.012677,"displayValue":"3.0%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2025-10","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2025-10","year":2025,"value":null,"displayValue":"n/a","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"source_gap","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"Data unavailable due to the 2025 lapse in appropriations","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2025-11","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2025-11","year":2025,"value":2.735084,"displayValue":"2.7%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2025-12","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2025-12","year":2025,"value":2.677081,"displayValue":"2.7%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2026-01","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2026-01","year":2026,"value":2.386431,"displayValue":"2.4%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2026-02","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2026-02","year":2026,"value":2.414113,"displayValue":"2.4%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2026-03","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2026-03","year":2026,"value":3.25642,"displayValue":"3.3%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2026-04","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2026-04","year":2026,"value":3.810845,"displayValue":"3.8%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2026-05","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2026-05","year":2026,"value":4.248674,"displayValue":"4.2%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2026-06","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2026-06","year":2026,"value":3.531425,"displayValue":"3.5%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:all-items-inflation:2026-07","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"all-items-inflation","signalLabel":"All-items consumer prices","shortLabel":"All-items CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2026-07","year":2026,"value":3.364825,"displayValue":"3.4%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in the CPI for all urban consumers, U.S. city average. This is a broad price index, not a measure of market power.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2017-01","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2017-01","year":2017,"value":null,"displayValue":"n/a","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"not_calculable","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. The category is price context, not a housing-market concentration measure.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2017-02","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2017-02","year":2017,"value":null,"displayValue":"n/a","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"not_calculable","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. The category is price context, not a housing-market concentration measure.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2017-03","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2017-03","year":2017,"value":null,"displayValue":"n/a","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"not_calculable","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. The category is price context, not a housing-market concentration measure.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2017-04","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2017-04","year":2017,"value":null,"displayValue":"n/a","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"not_calculable","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. The category is price context, not a housing-market concentration measure.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2017-05","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2017-05","year":2017,"value":null,"displayValue":"n/a","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"not_calculable","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. The category is price context, not a housing-market concentration measure.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2017-06","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2017-06","year":2017,"value":null,"displayValue":"n/a","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"not_calculable","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. The category is price context, not a housing-market concentration measure.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2017-07","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2017-07","year":2017,"value":null,"displayValue":"n/a","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"not_calculable","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. The category is price context, not a housing-market concentration measure.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2017-08","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2017-08","year":2017,"value":null,"displayValue":"n/a","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"not_calculable","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. The category is price context, not a housing-market concentration measure.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2017-09","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2017-09","year":2017,"value":null,"displayValue":"n/a","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"not_calculable","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. The category is price context, not a housing-market concentration measure.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2017-10","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2017-10","year":2017,"value":null,"displayValue":"n/a","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"not_calculable","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. The category is price context, not a housing-market concentration measure.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2017-11","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2017-11","year":2017,"value":null,"displayValue":"n/a","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"not_calculable","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2018-01","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2018-01","year":2018,"value":3.730554,"displayValue":"3.7%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2018-02","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2018-02","year":2018,"value":3.637607,"displayValue":"3.6%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2019-11","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2019-11","year":2019,"value":3.658077,"displayValue":"3.7%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2019-12","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2019-12","year":2019,"value":3.686406,"displayValue":"3.7%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2020-01","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2020-01","year":2020,"value":3.755563,"displayValue":"3.8%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2020-02","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2020-02","year":2020,"value":3.758224,"displayValue":"3.8%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2020-03","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2020-03","year":2020,"value":3.665809,"displayValue":"3.7%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2020-04","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2020-04","year":2020,"value":3.485782,"displayValue":"3.5%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2020-05","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2020-05","year":2020,"value":3.485226,"displayValue":"3.5%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2020-06","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2020-06","year":2020,"value":3.219738,"displayValue":"3.2%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2020-07","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2020-07","year":2020,"value":3.119676,"displayValue":"3.1%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2020-08","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2020-08","year":2020,"value":2.947949,"displayValue":"2.9%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2020-10","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2020-10","year":2020,"value":2.669714,"displayValue":"2.7%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2020-11","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2020-11","year":2020,"value":2.447747,"displayValue":"2.4%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2020-12","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2020-12","year":2020,"value":2.276203,"displayValue":"2.3%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2021-01","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2021-01","year":2021,"value":2.052246,"displayValue":"2.1%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2021-02","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2021-02","year":2021,"value":1.956789,"displayValue":"2.0%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2021-03","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2021-03","year":2021,"value":1.825524,"displayValue":"1.8%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2021-04","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2021-04","year":2021,"value":1.802814,"displayValue":"1.8%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2021-05","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2021-05","year":2021,"value":1.820657,"displayValue":"1.8%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2021-06","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2021-06","year":2021,"value":1.915943,"displayValue":"1.9%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2021-07","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2021-07","year":2021,"value":1.906419,"displayValue":"1.9%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2021-08","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2021-08","year":2021,"value":2.121807,"displayValue":"2.1%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2021-09","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2021-09","year":2021,"value":2.433583,"displayValue":"2.4%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2021-10","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2021-10","year":2021,"value":2.699824,"displayValue":"2.7%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2021-11","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2021-11","year":2021,"value":3.048201,"displayValue":"3.0%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2021-12","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2021-12","year":2021,"value":3.33164,"displayValue":"3.3%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2022-01","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2022-01","year":2022,"value":3.76467,"displayValue":"3.8%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2022-02","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2022-02","year":2022,"value":4.166643,"displayValue":"4.2%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2022-03","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2022-03","year":2022,"value":4.444676,"displayValue":"4.4%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2022-04","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2022-04","year":2022,"value":4.818247,"displayValue":"4.8%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2022-05","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2022-05","year":2022,"value":5.215898,"displayValue":"5.2%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2022-06","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2022-06","year":2022,"value":5.77691,"displayValue":"5.8%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2022-07","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2022-07","year":2022,"value":6.307304,"displayValue":"6.3%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2022-08","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2022-08","year":2022,"value":6.740728,"displayValue":"6.7%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2022-09","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2022-09","year":2022,"value":7.20673,"displayValue":"7.2%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2022-10","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2022-10","year":2022,"value":7.521848,"displayValue":"7.5%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2022-11","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2022-11","year":2022,"value":7.908024,"displayValue":"7.9%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2022-12","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2022-12","year":2022,"value":8.349371,"displayValue":"8.3%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2023-01","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2023-01","year":2023,"value":8.563554,"displayValue":"8.6%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2023-02","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2023-02","year":2023,"value":8.762968,"displayValue":"8.8%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2023-03","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2023-03","year":2023,"value":8.814317,"displayValue":"8.8%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2023-04","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2023-04","year":2023,"value":8.802015,"displayValue":"8.8%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2023-05","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2023-05","year":2023,"value":8.657523,"displayValue":"8.7%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2023-06","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2023-06","year":2023,"value":8.334806,"displayValue":"8.3%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2023-07","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2023-07","year":2023,"value":8.034056,"displayValue":"8.0%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2023-08","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2023-08","year":2023,"value":7.75926,"displayValue":"7.8%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2023-09","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2023-09","year":2023,"value":7.413781,"displayValue":"7.4%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2023-10","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2023-10","year":2023,"value":7.180921,"displayValue":"7.2%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2023-11","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2023-11","year":2023,"value":6.868429,"displayValue":"6.9%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2023-12","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2023-12","year":2023,"value":6.471429,"displayValue":"6.5%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2024-01","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2024-01","year":2024,"value":6.08875,"displayValue":"6.1%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2024-02","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2024-02","year":2024,"value":5.766207,"displayValue":"5.8%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2024-03","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2024-03","year":2024,"value":5.677891,"displayValue":"5.7%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2024-04","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2024-04","year":2024,"value":5.441405,"displayValue":"5.4%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2024-05","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2024-05","year":2024,"value":5.304921,"displayValue":"5.3%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2024-06","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2024-06","year":2024,"value":5.0746,"displayValue":"5.1%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2024-07","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2024-07","year":2024,"value":5.089078,"displayValue":"5.1%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2024-08","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2024-08","year":2024,"value":4.966103,"displayValue":"5.0%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2024-09","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2024-09","year":2024,"value":4.779882,"displayValue":"4.8%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2024-10","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2024-10","year":2024,"value":4.597684,"displayValue":"4.6%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2024-11","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2024-11","year":2024,"value":4.356982,"displayValue":"4.4%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2024-12","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2024-12","year":2024,"value":4.272953,"displayValue":"4.3%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2025-01","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2025-01","year":2025,"value":4.244222,"displayValue":"4.2%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2025-02","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2025-02","year":2025,"value":4.087069,"displayValue":"4.1%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2025-03","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2025-03","year":2025,"value":3.992833,"displayValue":"4.0%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2025-04","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2025-04","year":2025,"value":3.979481,"displayValue":"4.0%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2025-05","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2025-05","year":2025,"value":3.812127,"displayValue":"3.8%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2025-06","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2025-06","year":2025,"value":3.766296,"displayValue":"3.8%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2025-07","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2025-07","year":2025,"value":3.545605,"displayValue":"3.5%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2025-08","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2025-08","year":2025,"value":3.495309,"displayValue":"3.5%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. The category is price context, not a housing-market concentration measure.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2025-09","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2025-09","year":2025,"value":3.395537,"displayValue":"3.4%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. The category is price context, not a housing-market concentration measure.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2025-10","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2025-10","year":2025,"value":null,"displayValue":"n/a","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"source_gap","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. The category is price context, not a housing-market concentration measure.","note":"Data unavailable due to the 2025 lapse in appropriations","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2025-11","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2025-11","year":2025,"value":2.958859,"displayValue":"3.0%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. The category is price context, not a housing-market concentration measure.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2025-12","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2025-12","year":2025,"value":2.923268,"displayValue":"2.9%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. The category is price context, not a housing-market concentration measure.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2026-01","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2026-01","year":2026,"value":2.843266,"displayValue":"2.8%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. The category is price context, not a housing-market concentration measure.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2026-02","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2026-02","year":2026,"value":2.683214,"displayValue":"2.7%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. The category is price context, not a housing-market concentration measure.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2026-03","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2026-03","year":2026,"value":2.562772,"displayValue":"2.6%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. The category is price context, not a housing-market concentration measure.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2026-04","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2026-04","year":2026,"value":2.788505,"displayValue":"2.8%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. The category is price context, not a housing-market concentration measure.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2026-05","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2026-05","year":2026,"value":2.924155,"displayValue":"2.9%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. The category is price context, not a housing-market concentration measure.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2026-06","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2026-06","year":2026,"value":2.841963,"displayValue":"2.8%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. The category is price context, not a housing-market concentration measure.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:rent-inflation:2026-07","systemId":"prices","systemLabel":"Consumer prices","signalId":"rent-inflation","signalLabel":"Rent of primary residence","shortLabel":"Rent CPI","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2026-07","year":2026,"value":2.864366,"displayValue":"2.9%","unit":"percent_change","unitLabel":"12-month percent change","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/prices","interpretation":"Twelve-month change in rent of primary residence. The category is price context, not a housing-market concentration measure.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:job-openings-rate:2017-01","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"job-openings-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm job openings rate","shortLabel":"Job openings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2017-01","year":2017,"value":3.7,"displayValue":"3.7%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment plus openings","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm job openings divided by employment plus openings. The rate is a national labor-flow measure, not a local labor market or employer-power estimate.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:job-openings-rate:2017-02","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"job-openings-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm job openings rate","shortLabel":"Job openings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2017-02","year":2017,"value":3.9,"displayValue":"3.9%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment plus openings","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm job openings divided by employment plus openings. The rate is a national labor-flow measure, not a local labor market or employer-power estimate.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:job-openings-rate:2017-03","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"job-openings-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm job openings rate","shortLabel":"Job openings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2017-03","year":2017,"value":3.8,"displayValue":"3.8%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment plus openings","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm job openings divided by employment plus openings. The rate is a national labor-flow measure, not a local labor market or employer-power estimate.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:job-openings-rate:2017-04","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"job-openings-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm job openings rate","shortLabel":"Job openings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2017-04","year":2017,"value":4,"displayValue":"4.0%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment plus openings","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm job openings divided by employment plus openings. The rate is a national labor-flow measure, not a local labor market or employer-power estimate.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:job-openings-rate:2017-05","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"job-openings-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm job openings rate","shortLabel":"Job openings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2017-05","year":2017,"value":3.8,"displayValue":"3.8%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment plus openings","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm job openings divided by employment plus openings. The rate is a national labor-flow measure, not a local labor market or employer-power estimate.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:job-openings-rate:2017-06","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"job-openings-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm job openings rate","shortLabel":"Job openings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2017-06","year":2017,"value":4.1,"displayValue":"4.1%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment plus openings","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm job openings divided by employment plus openings. The rate is a national labor-flow measure, not a local labor market or employer-power estimate.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:job-openings-rate:2017-07","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"job-openings-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm job openings rate","shortLabel":"Job openings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2017-07","year":2017,"value":4.1,"displayValue":"4.1%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment plus openings","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm job openings divided by employment plus openings. The rate is a national labor-flow measure, not a local labor market or employer-power estimate.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:job-openings-rate:2017-08","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"job-openings-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm job openings rate","shortLabel":"Job openings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2017-08","year":2017,"value":4.1,"displayValue":"4.1%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment plus openings","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm job openings divided by employment plus openings. The rate is a national labor-flow measure, not a local labor market or employer-power estimate.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:job-openings-rate:2017-09","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"job-openings-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm job openings rate","shortLabel":"Job openings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2017-09","year":2017,"value":4.1,"displayValue":"4.1%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment plus openings","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm job openings divided by employment plus openings. The rate is a national labor-flow measure, not a local labor market or employer-power estimate.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:job-openings-rate:2017-10","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"job-openings-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm job openings rate","shortLabel":"Job openings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2017-10","year":2017,"value":4.2,"displayValue":"4.2%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment plus openings","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm job openings divided by employment plus openings. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:job-openings-rate:2017-12","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"job-openings-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm job openings rate","shortLabel":"Job openings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2017-12","year":2017,"value":4.1,"displayValue":"4.1%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment plus openings","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm job openings divided by employment plus openings. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:job-openings-rate:2018-01","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"job-openings-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm job openings rate","shortLabel":"Job openings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2018-01","year":2018,"value":4.3,"displayValue":"4.3%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment plus openings","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm job openings divided by employment plus openings. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:job-openings-rate:2018-02","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"job-openings-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm job openings rate","shortLabel":"Job openings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2018-02","year":2018,"value":4.2,"displayValue":"4.2%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment plus openings","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm job openings divided by employment plus openings. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:job-openings-rate:2018-03","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"job-openings-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm job openings rate","shortLabel":"Job openings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2018-03","year":2018,"value":4.4,"displayValue":"4.4%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment plus openings","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm job openings divided by employment plus openings. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:job-openings-rate:2018-05","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"job-openings-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm job openings rate","shortLabel":"Job openings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2018-05","year":2018,"value":4.5,"displayValue":"4.5%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment plus openings","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm job openings divided by employment plus openings. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:job-openings-rate:2019-01","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"job-openings-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm job openings rate","shortLabel":"Job openings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2019-01","year":2019,"value":4.8,"displayValue":"4.8%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment plus openings","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm job openings divided by employment plus openings. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:job-openings-rate:2019-02","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"job-openings-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm job openings rate","shortLabel":"Job openings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2019-02","year":2019,"value":4.5,"displayValue":"4.5%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment plus openings","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm job openings divided by employment plus openings. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:job-openings-rate:2019-04","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"job-openings-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm job openings rate","shortLabel":"Job openings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2019-04","year":2019,"value":4.6,"displayValue":"4.6%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment plus openings","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm job openings divided by employment plus openings. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:job-openings-rate:2019-05","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"job-openings-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm job openings rate","shortLabel":"Job openings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2019-05","year":2019,"value":4.6,"displayValue":"4.6%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment plus openings","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm job openings divided by employment plus openings. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:job-openings-rate:2019-11","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"job-openings-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm job openings rate","shortLabel":"Job openings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2019-11","year":2019,"value":4.3,"displayValue":"4.3%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment plus openings","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm job openings divided by employment plus openings. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:job-openings-rate:2020-01","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"job-openings-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm job openings rate","shortLabel":"Job openings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2020-01","year":2020,"value":4.5,"displayValue":"4.5%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment plus openings","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm job openings divided by employment plus openings. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:job-openings-rate:2020-02","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"job-openings-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm job openings rate","shortLabel":"Job openings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2020-02","year":2020,"value":4.4,"displayValue":"4.4%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment plus openings","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm job openings divided by employment plus openings. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:job-openings-rate:2020-03","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"job-openings-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm job openings rate","shortLabel":"Job openings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2020-03","year":2020,"value":3.8,"displayValue":"3.8%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment plus openings","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm job openings divided by employment plus openings. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:job-openings-rate:2020-10","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"job-openings-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm job openings rate","shortLabel":"Job openings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2020-10","year":2020,"value":4.6,"displayValue":"4.6%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment plus openings","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm job openings divided by employment plus openings. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:job-openings-rate:2020-11","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"job-openings-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm job openings rate","shortLabel":"Job openings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2020-11","year":2020,"value":4.6,"displayValue":"4.6%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment plus openings","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm job openings divided by employment plus openings. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:job-openings-rate:2020-12","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"job-openings-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm job openings rate","shortLabel":"Job openings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2020-12","year":2020,"value":4.5,"displayValue":"4.5%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment plus openings","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm job openings divided by employment plus openings. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:job-openings-rate:2021-01","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"job-openings-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm job openings rate","shortLabel":"Job openings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2021-01","year":2021,"value":4.8,"displayValue":"4.8%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment plus openings","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm job openings divided by employment plus openings. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:job-openings-rate:2021-02","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"job-openings-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm job openings rate","shortLabel":"Job openings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2021-02","year":2021,"value":5.2,"displayValue":"5.2%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment plus openings","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm job openings divided by employment plus openings. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:job-openings-rate:2021-05","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"job-openings-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm job openings rate","shortLabel":"Job openings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2021-05","year":2021,"value":6.4,"displayValue":"6.4%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment plus openings","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm job openings divided by employment plus openings. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:job-openings-rate:2021-07","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"job-openings-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm job openings rate","shortLabel":"Job openings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2021-07","year":2021,"value":7,"displayValue":"7.0%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment plus openings","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm job openings divided by employment plus openings. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:job-openings-rate:2021-08","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"job-openings-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm job openings rate","shortLabel":"Job openings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2021-08","year":2021,"value":6.9,"displayValue":"6.9%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment plus openings","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm job openings divided by employment plus openings. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:job-openings-rate:2021-09","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"job-openings-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm job openings rate","shortLabel":"Job openings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2021-09","year":2021,"value":6.8,"displayValue":"6.8%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment plus openings","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm job openings divided by employment plus openings. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:job-openings-rate:2021-10","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"job-openings-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm job openings rate","shortLabel":"Job openings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2021-10","year":2021,"value":7,"displayValue":"7.0%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment plus openings","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm job openings divided by employment plus openings. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:job-openings-rate:2021-11","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"job-openings-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm job openings rate","shortLabel":"Job openings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2021-11","year":2021,"value":7,"displayValue":"7.0%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment plus openings","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm job openings divided by employment plus openings. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:job-openings-rate:2021-12","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"job-openings-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm job openings rate","shortLabel":"Job openings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2021-12","year":2021,"value":7.1,"displayValue":"7.1%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment plus openings","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm job openings divided by employment plus openings. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:job-openings-rate:2022-01","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"job-openings-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm job openings rate","shortLabel":"Job openings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2022-01","year":2022,"value":7,"displayValue":"7.0%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment plus openings","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm job openings divided by employment plus openings. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:job-openings-rate:2022-02","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"job-openings-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm job openings rate","shortLabel":"Job openings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2022-02","year":2022,"value":7.2,"displayValue":"7.2%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment plus openings","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm job openings divided by employment plus openings. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:job-openings-rate:2022-03","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"job-openings-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm job openings rate","shortLabel":"Job openings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2022-03","year":2022,"value":7.5,"displayValue":"7.5%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment plus openings","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm job openings divided by employment plus openings. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:job-openings-rate:2022-04","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"job-openings-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm job openings rate","shortLabel":"Job openings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2022-04","year":2022,"value":7.3,"displayValue":"7.3%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment plus openings","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm job openings divided by employment plus openings. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:job-openings-rate:2022-05","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"job-openings-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm job openings rate","shortLabel":"Job openings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2022-05","year":2022,"value":7.1,"displayValue":"7.1%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment plus openings","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm job openings divided by employment plus openings. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:job-openings-rate:2022-06","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"job-openings-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm job openings rate","shortLabel":"Job openings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2022-06","year":2022,"value":6.9,"displayValue":"6.9%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment plus openings","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm job openings divided by employment plus openings. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:job-openings-rate:2022-07","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"job-openings-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm job openings rate","shortLabel":"Job openings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2022-07","year":2022,"value":7,"displayValue":"7.0%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment plus openings","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm job openings divided by employment plus openings. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:job-openings-rate:2022-10","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"job-openings-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm job openings rate","shortLabel":"Job openings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2022-10","year":2022,"value":6.4,"displayValue":"6.4%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment plus openings","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm job openings divided by employment plus openings. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:job-openings-rate:2023-01","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"job-openings-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm job openings rate","shortLabel":"Job openings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2023-01","year":2023,"value":6.2,"displayValue":"6.2%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment plus openings","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm job openings divided by employment plus openings. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:job-openings-rate:2023-03","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"job-openings-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm job openings rate","shortLabel":"Job openings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2023-03","year":2023,"value":5.9,"displayValue":"5.9%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment plus openings","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm job openings divided by employment plus openings. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:job-openings-rate:2023-04","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"job-openings-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm job openings rate","shortLabel":"Job openings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2023-04","year":2023,"value":6,"displayValue":"6.0%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment plus openings","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm job openings divided by employment plus openings. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:job-openings-rate:2023-05","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"job-openings-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm job openings rate","shortLabel":"Job openings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2023-05","year":2023,"value":5.7,"displayValue":"5.7%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment plus openings","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm job openings divided by employment plus openings. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:job-openings-rate:2023-06","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"job-openings-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm job openings rate","shortLabel":"Job openings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2023-06","year":2023,"value":5.6,"displayValue":"5.6%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment plus openings","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm job openings divided by employment plus openings. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:job-openings-rate:2023-07","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"job-openings-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm job openings rate","shortLabel":"Job openings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2023-07","year":2023,"value":5.3,"displayValue":"5.3%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment plus openings","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm job openings divided by employment plus openings. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:job-openings-rate:2023-08","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"job-openings-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm job openings rate","shortLabel":"Job openings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2023-08","year":2023,"value":5.6,"displayValue":"5.6%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment plus openings","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm job openings divided by employment plus openings. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:job-openings-rate:2023-09","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"job-openings-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm job openings rate","shortLabel":"Job openings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2023-09","year":2023,"value":5.6,"displayValue":"5.6%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment plus openings","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm job openings divided by employment plus openings. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:job-openings-rate:2023-10","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"job-openings-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm job openings rate","shortLabel":"Job openings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2023-10","year":2023,"value":5.2,"displayValue":"5.2%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment plus openings","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm job openings divided by employment plus openings. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:job-openings-rate:2024-02","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"job-openings-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm job openings rate","shortLabel":"Job openings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2024-02","year":2024,"value":5.1,"displayValue":"5.1%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment plus openings","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm job openings divided by employment plus openings. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:job-openings-rate:2025-01","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"job-openings-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm job openings rate","shortLabel":"Job openings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2025-01","year":2025,"value":4.5,"displayValue":"4.5%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment plus openings","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm job openings divided by employment plus openings. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:job-openings-rate:2025-02","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"job-openings-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm job openings rate","shortLabel":"Job openings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2025-02","year":2025,"value":4.4,"displayValue":"4.4%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment plus openings","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm job openings divided by employment plus openings. The rate is a national labor-flow measure, not a local labor market or employer-power estimate.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:job-openings-rate:2025-03","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"job-openings-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm job openings rate","shortLabel":"Job openings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2025-03","year":2025,"value":4.2,"displayValue":"4.2%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment plus openings","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm job openings divided by employment plus openings. The rate is a national labor-flow measure, not a local labor market or employer-power estimate.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:job-openings-rate:2025-04","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"job-openings-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm job openings rate","shortLabel":"Job openings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2025-04","year":2025,"value":4.3,"displayValue":"4.3%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment plus openings","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm job openings divided by employment plus openings. The rate is a national labor-flow measure, not a local labor market or employer-power estimate.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:job-openings-rate:2025-05","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"job-openings-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm job openings rate","shortLabel":"Job openings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2025-05","year":2025,"value":4.4,"displayValue":"4.4%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment plus openings","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm job openings divided by employment plus openings. The rate is a national labor-flow measure, not a local labor market or employer-power estimate.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:job-openings-rate:2025-06","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"job-openings-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm job openings rate","shortLabel":"Job openings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2025-06","year":2025,"value":4.3,"displayValue":"4.3%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment plus openings","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm job openings divided by employment plus openings. The rate is a national labor-flow measure, not a local labor market or employer-power estimate.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:job-openings-rate:2025-07","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"job-openings-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm job openings rate","shortLabel":"Job openings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2025-07","year":2025,"value":4.3,"displayValue":"4.3%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment plus openings","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm job openings divided by employment plus openings. The rate is a national labor-flow measure, not a local labor market or employer-power estimate.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:job-openings-rate:2025-08","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"job-openings-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm job openings rate","shortLabel":"Job openings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2025-08","year":2025,"value":4.2,"displayValue":"4.2%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment plus openings","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm job openings divided by employment plus openings. The rate is a national labor-flow measure, not a local labor market or employer-power estimate.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:job-openings-rate:2025-09","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"job-openings-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm job openings rate","shortLabel":"Job openings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2025-09","year":2025,"value":4.3,"displayValue":"4.3%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment plus openings","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm job openings divided by employment plus openings. The rate is a national labor-flow measure, not a local labor market or employer-power estimate.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:job-openings-rate:2025-10","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"job-openings-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm job openings rate","shortLabel":"Job openings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2025-10","year":2025,"value":4.3,"displayValue":"4.3%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment plus openings","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm job openings divided by employment plus openings. The rate is a national labor-flow measure, not a local labor market or employer-power estimate.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:job-openings-rate:2025-11","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"job-openings-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm job openings rate","shortLabel":"Job openings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2025-11","year":2025,"value":4.1,"displayValue":"4.1%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment plus openings","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm job openings divided by employment plus openings. The rate is a national labor-flow measure, not a local labor market or employer-power estimate.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:job-openings-rate:2025-12","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"job-openings-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm job openings rate","shortLabel":"Job openings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2025-12","year":2025,"value":4,"displayValue":"4.0%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment plus openings","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm job openings divided by employment plus openings. The rate is a national labor-flow measure, not a local labor market or employer-power estimate.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:job-openings-rate:2026-01","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"job-openings-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm job openings rate","shortLabel":"Job openings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2026-01","year":2026,"value":4.4,"displayValue":"4.4%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment plus openings","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm job openings divided by employment plus openings. The rate is a national labor-flow measure, not a local labor market or employer-power estimate.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:job-openings-rate:2026-02","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"job-openings-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm job openings rate","shortLabel":"Job openings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2026-02","year":2026,"value":4.2,"displayValue":"4.2%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment plus openings","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm job openings divided by employment plus openings. The rate is a national labor-flow measure, not a local labor market or employer-power estimate.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:job-openings-rate:2026-03","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"job-openings-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm job openings rate","shortLabel":"Job openings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2026-03","year":2026,"value":4.2,"displayValue":"4.2%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment plus openings","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm job openings divided by employment plus openings. The rate is a national labor-flow measure, not a local labor market or employer-power estimate.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:job-openings-rate:2026-04","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"job-openings-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm job openings rate","shortLabel":"Job openings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2026-04","year":2026,"value":4.6,"displayValue":"4.6%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment plus openings","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm job openings divided by employment plus openings. The rate is a national labor-flow measure, not a local labor market or employer-power estimate.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:job-openings-rate:2026-05","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"job-openings-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm job openings rate","shortLabel":"Job openings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2026-05","year":2026,"value":4.5,"displayValue":"4.5%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment plus openings","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm job openings divided by employment plus openings. The rate is a national labor-flow measure, not a local labor market or employer-power estimate.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:job-openings-rate:2026-06","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"job-openings-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm job openings rate","shortLabel":"Job openings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2026-06","year":2026,"value":4.4,"displayValue":"4.4%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment plus openings","status":"preliminary","isPreliminary":true,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm job openings divided by employment plus openings. The rate is a national labor-flow measure, not a local labor market or employer-power estimate.","note":"preliminary","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2017-01","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2017-01","year":2017,"value":2.2,"displayValue":"2.2%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2017-02","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2017-02","year":2017,"value":2.1,"displayValue":"2.1%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2017-03","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2017-03","year":2017,"value":2.2,"displayValue":"2.2%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2017-04","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2017-04","year":2017,"value":2.1,"displayValue":"2.1%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2017-05","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2017-05","year":2017,"value":2.1,"displayValue":"2.1%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2017-06","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2017-06","year":2017,"value":2.2,"displayValue":"2.2%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2017-07","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2017-07","year":2017,"value":2.1,"displayValue":"2.1%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2017-08","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2017-08","year":2017,"value":2.1,"displayValue":"2.1%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2017-09","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2017-09","year":2017,"value":2.2,"displayValue":"2.2%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2017-10","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2017-10","year":2017,"value":2.2,"displayValue":"2.2%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2017-11","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2017-11","year":2017,"value":2.2,"displayValue":"2.2%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2017-12","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2017-12","year":2017,"value":2.2,"displayValue":"2.2%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2018-01","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2018-01","year":2018,"value":2,"displayValue":"2.0%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2018-02","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2018-02","year":2018,"value":2.2,"displayValue":"2.2%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2018-03","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2018-03","year":2018,"value":2.2,"displayValue":"2.2%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2018-04","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2018-04","year":2018,"value":2.3,"displayValue":"2.3%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2018-05","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2018-05","year":2018,"value":2.3,"displayValue":"2.3%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2018-06","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2018-06","year":2018,"value":2.3,"displayValue":"2.3%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2018-07","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2018-07","year":2018,"value":2.3,"displayValue":"2.3%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2018-08","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2018-08","year":2018,"value":2.3,"displayValue":"2.3%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2018-09","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2018-09","year":2018,"value":2.3,"displayValue":"2.3%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2018-10","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2018-10","year":2018,"value":2.3,"displayValue":"2.3%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2018-11","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2018-11","year":2018,"value":2.3,"displayValue":"2.3%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2018-12","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2018-12","year":2018,"value":2.3,"displayValue":"2.3%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2019-01","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2019-01","year":2019,"value":2.3,"displayValue":"2.3%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2019-02","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2019-02","year":2019,"value":2.4,"displayValue":"2.4%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2019-03","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2019-03","year":2019,"value":2.3,"displayValue":"2.3%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2019-04","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2019-04","year":2019,"value":2.3,"displayValue":"2.3%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2019-05","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2019-05","year":2019,"value":2.3,"displayValue":"2.3%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2019-06","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2019-06","year":2019,"value":2.3,"displayValue":"2.3%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2019-07","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2019-07","year":2019,"value":2.4,"displayValue":"2.4%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2019-08","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2019-08","year":2019,"value":2.3,"displayValue":"2.3%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2019-09","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2019-09","year":2019,"value":2.3,"displayValue":"2.3%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2019-10","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2019-10","year":2019,"value":2.3,"displayValue":"2.3%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2019-11","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2019-11","year":2019,"value":2.3,"displayValue":"2.3%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2019-12","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2019-12","year":2019,"value":2.3,"displayValue":"2.3%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2020-01","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2020-01","year":2020,"value":2.3,"displayValue":"2.3%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2020-02","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2020-02","year":2020,"value":2.3,"displayValue":"2.3%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2020-03","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2020-03","year":2020,"value":1.9,"displayValue":"1.9%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2020-04","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2020-04","year":2020,"value":1.5,"displayValue":"1.5%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2020-05","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2020-05","year":2020,"value":1.7,"displayValue":"1.7%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2020-06","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2020-06","year":2020,"value":1.9,"displayValue":"1.9%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2020-07","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2020-07","year":2020,"value":2.2,"displayValue":"2.2%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2020-08","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2020-08","year":2020,"value":2.1,"displayValue":"2.1%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2020-09","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2020-09","year":2020,"value":2.2,"displayValue":"2.2%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2020-10","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2020-10","year":2020,"value":2.3,"displayValue":"2.3%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2020-11","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2020-11","year":2020,"value":2.2,"displayValue":"2.2%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2020-12","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2020-12","year":2020,"value":2.4,"displayValue":"2.4%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2021-01","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2021-01","year":2021,"value":2.3,"displayValue":"2.3%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2021-02","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2021-02","year":2021,"value":2.4,"displayValue":"2.4%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2021-03","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2021-03","year":2021,"value":2.5,"displayValue":"2.5%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2021-04","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2021-04","year":2021,"value":2.7,"displayValue":"2.7%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2021-05","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2021-05","year":2021,"value":2.6,"displayValue":"2.6%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2021-06","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2021-06","year":2021,"value":2.8,"displayValue":"2.8%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2021-07","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2021-07","year":2021,"value":2.8,"displayValue":"2.8%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2021-08","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2021-08","year":2021,"value":2.8,"displayValue":"2.8%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2021-09","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2021-09","year":2021,"value":2.9,"displayValue":"2.9%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2021-10","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2021-10","year":2021,"value":2.8,"displayValue":"2.8%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2021-11","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2021-11","year":2021,"value":3,"displayValue":"3.0%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2021-12","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2021-12","year":2021,"value":2.9,"displayValue":"2.9%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2022-01","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2022-01","year":2022,"value":2.9,"displayValue":"2.9%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2022-02","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2022-02","year":2022,"value":2.8,"displayValue":"2.8%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2022-03","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2022-03","year":2022,"value":2.9,"displayValue":"2.9%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2022-04","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2022-04","year":2022,"value":3,"displayValue":"3.0%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2022-05","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2022-05","year":2022,"value":2.8,"displayValue":"2.8%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2022-06","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2022-06","year":2022,"value":2.7,"displayValue":"2.7%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2022-07","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2022-07","year":2022,"value":2.6,"displayValue":"2.6%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2022-08","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2022-08","year":2022,"value":2.8,"displayValue":"2.8%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2022-09","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2022-09","year":2022,"value":2.7,"displayValue":"2.7%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2022-10","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2022-10","year":2022,"value":2.6,"displayValue":"2.6%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2022-11","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2022-11","year":2022,"value":2.6,"displayValue":"2.6%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2022-12","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2022-12","year":2022,"value":2.7,"displayValue":"2.7%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2023-01","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2023-01","year":2023,"value":2.5,"displayValue":"2.5%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2023-02","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2023-02","year":2023,"value":2.5,"displayValue":"2.5%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2023-03","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2023-03","year":2023,"value":2.4,"displayValue":"2.4%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2023-04","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2023-04","year":2023,"value":2.3,"displayValue":"2.3%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2023-05","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2023-05","year":2023,"value":2.6,"displayValue":"2.6%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2023-06","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2023-06","year":2023,"value":2.4,"displayValue":"2.4%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2023-07","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2023-07","year":2023,"value":2.3,"displayValue":"2.3%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2023-08","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2023-08","year":2023,"value":2.3,"displayValue":"2.3%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2023-09","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2023-09","year":2023,"value":2.3,"displayValue":"2.3%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2023-10","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2023-10","year":2023,"value":2.3,"displayValue":"2.3%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2023-11","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2023-11","year":2023,"value":2.3,"displayValue":"2.3%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2023-12","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2023-12","year":2023,"value":2.2,"displayValue":"2.2%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2024-01","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2024-01","year":2024,"value":2.1,"displayValue":"2.1%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2024-02","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2024-02","year":2024,"value":2.2,"displayValue":"2.2%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2024-03","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2024-03","year":2024,"value":2.1,"displayValue":"2.1%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2024-04","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2024-04","year":2024,"value":2.2,"displayValue":"2.2%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2024-05","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2024-05","year":2024,"value":2.1,"displayValue":"2.1%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2024-06","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2024-06","year":2024,"value":2.1,"displayValue":"2.1%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2024-07","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2024-07","year":2024,"value":2.1,"displayValue":"2.1%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2024-08","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2024-08","year":2024,"value":2.1,"displayValue":"2.1%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2024-09","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2024-09","year":2024,"value":2,"displayValue":"2.0%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2024-10","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2024-10","year":2024,"value":2,"displayValue":"2.0%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2024-11","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2024-11","year":2024,"value":1.9,"displayValue":"1.9%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2024-12","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2024-12","year":2024,"value":1.9,"displayValue":"1.9%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2025-01","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2025-01","year":2025,"value":2,"displayValue":"2.0%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2025-02","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2025-02","year":2025,"value":2,"displayValue":"2.0%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2025-03","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2025-03","year":2025,"value":2.2,"displayValue":"2.2%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2025-04","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2025-04","year":2025,"value":2,"displayValue":"2.0%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2025-05","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2025-05","year":2025,"value":2.1,"displayValue":"2.1%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2025-06","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2025-06","year":2025,"value":2.1,"displayValue":"2.1%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2025-07","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2025-07","year":2025,"value":2,"displayValue":"2.0%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2025-08","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2025-08","year":2025,"value":2,"displayValue":"2.0%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2025-09","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2025-09","year":2025,"value":1.9,"displayValue":"1.9%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2025-10","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2025-10","year":2025,"value":1.9,"displayValue":"1.9%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2025-11","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2025-11","year":2025,"value":2,"displayValue":"2.0%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2025-12","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2025-12","year":2025,"value":2,"displayValue":"2.0%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2026-01","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2026-01","year":2026,"value":2,"displayValue":"2.0%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2026-02","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2026-02","year":2026,"value":1.9,"displayValue":"1.9%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2026-03","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2026-03","year":2026,"value":2,"displayValue":"2.0%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2026-04","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2026-04","year":2026,"value":1.9,"displayValue":"1.9%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2026-05","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2026-05","year":2026,"value":2,"displayValue":"2.0%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:quits-rate:2026-06","systemId":"labor-flows","systemLabel":"Labor-market flows","signalId":"quits-rate","signalLabel":"Total nonfarm quits rate","shortLabel":"Quits","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2026-06","year":2026,"value":2,"displayValue":"2.0%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"preliminary","isPreliminary":true,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-jolts-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-jolts-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/labor","interpretation":"Total nonfarm quits divided by employment. Quits are worker-flow context and do not identify bargaining power or competitive conditions by themselves.","note":"preliminary","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2017-01","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2017-01","year":2017,"value":123312,"displayValue":"123,312","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2017-02","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2017-02","year":2017,"value":123520,"displayValue":"123,520","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2017-03","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2017-03","year":2017,"value":123641,"displayValue":"123,641","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2017-04","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2017-04","year":2017,"value":123840,"displayValue":"123,840","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2017-05","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2017-05","year":2017,"value":124033,"displayValue":"124,033","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2017-06","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2017-06","year":2017,"value":124223,"displayValue":"124,223","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2017-07","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2017-07","year":2017,"value":124398,"displayValue":"124,398","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2017-08","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2017-08","year":2017,"value":124609,"displayValue":"124,609","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2017-09","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2017-09","year":2017,"value":124675,"displayValue":"124,675","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2017-10","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2017-10","year":2017,"value":124788,"displayValue":"124,788","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2017-11","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2017-11","year":2017,"value":124993,"displayValue":"124,993","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2017-12","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2017-12","year":2017,"value":125139,"displayValue":"125,139","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2018-01","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2018-01","year":2018,"value":125286,"displayValue":"125,286","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2018-02","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2018-02","year":2018,"value":125635,"displayValue":"125,635","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2018-03","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2018-03","year":2018,"value":125853,"displayValue":"125,853","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2018-04","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2018-04","year":2018,"value":125976,"displayValue":"125,976","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2018-05","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2018-05","year":2018,"value":126293,"displayValue":"126,293","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2018-06","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2018-06","year":2018,"value":126478,"displayValue":"126,478","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2018-07","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2018-07","year":2018,"value":126584,"displayValue":"126,584","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2018-08","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2018-08","year":2018,"value":126809,"displayValue":"126,809","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2018-09","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2018-09","year":2018,"value":126884,"displayValue":"126,884","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2018-10","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2018-10","year":2018,"value":127048,"displayValue":"127,048","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2018-11","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2018-11","year":2018,"value":127144,"displayValue":"127,144","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2018-12","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2018-12","year":2018,"value":127298,"displayValue":"127,298","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2019-01","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2019-01","year":2019,"value":127552,"displayValue":"127,552","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2019-02","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2019-02","year":2019,"value":127542,"displayValue":"127,542","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2019-03","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2019-03","year":2019,"value":127726,"displayValue":"127,726","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2019-04","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2019-04","year":2019,"value":127972,"displayValue":"127,972","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2019-05","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2019-05","year":2019,"value":128056,"displayValue":"128,056","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2019-06","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2019-06","year":2019,"value":128234,"displayValue":"128,234","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2019-07","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2019-07","year":2019,"value":128365,"displayValue":"128,365","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2019-08","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2019-08","year":2019,"value":128544,"displayValue":"128,544","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2019-09","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2019-09","year":2019,"value":128712,"displayValue":"128,712","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2019-10","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2019-10","year":2019,"value":128790,"displayValue":"128,790","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2019-11","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2019-11","year":2019,"value":128958,"displayValue":"128,958","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2019-12","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2019-12","year":2019,"value":129068,"displayValue":"129,068","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2020-01","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2020-01","year":2020,"value":129250,"displayValue":"129,250","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2020-02","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2020-02","year":2020,"value":129436,"displayValue":"129,436","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2020-03","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2020-03","year":2020,"value":128068,"displayValue":"128,068","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2020-04","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2020-04","year":2020,"value":108517,"displayValue":"108,517","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2020-05","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2020-05","year":2020,"value":111647,"displayValue":"111,647","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2020-06","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2020-06","year":2020,"value":116259,"displayValue":"116,259","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2020-07","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2020-07","year":2020,"value":117741,"displayValue":"117,741","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2020-08","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2020-08","year":2020,"value":118821,"displayValue":"118,821","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2020-09","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2020-09","year":2020,"value":119841,"displayValue":"119,841","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2020-10","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2020-10","year":2020,"value":120655,"displayValue":"120,655","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2020-11","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2020-11","year":2020,"value":121050,"displayValue":"121,050","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2020-12","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2020-12","year":2020,"value":120870,"displayValue":"120,870","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2021-01","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2021-01","year":2021,"value":121122,"displayValue":"121,122","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2021-02","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2021-02","year":2021,"value":121626,"displayValue":"121,626","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2021-03","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2021-03","year":2021,"value":122388,"displayValue":"122,388","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2021-04","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2021-04","year":2021,"value":122694,"displayValue":"122,694","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2021-05","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2021-05","year":2021,"value":123136,"displayValue":"123,136","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2021-06","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2021-06","year":2021,"value":123789,"displayValue":"123,789","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2021-07","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2021-07","year":2021,"value":124723,"displayValue":"124,723","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2021-08","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2021-08","year":2021,"value":125178,"displayValue":"125,178","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2021-09","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2021-09","year":2021,"value":125669,"displayValue":"125,669","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2021-10","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2021-10","year":2021,"value":126545,"displayValue":"126,545","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2021-11","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2021-11","year":2021,"value":127184,"displayValue":"127,184","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2021-12","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2021-12","year":2021,"value":127754,"displayValue":"127,754","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2022-01","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2022-01","year":2022,"value":127957,"displayValue":"127,957","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2022-02","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2022-02","year":2022,"value":128793,"displayValue":"128,793","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2022-03","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2022-03","year":2022,"value":129282,"displayValue":"129,282","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2022-04","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2022-04","year":2022,"value":129554,"displayValue":"129,554","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2022-05","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2022-05","year":2022,"value":129799,"displayValue":"129,799","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2022-06","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2022-06","year":2022,"value":130216,"displayValue":"130,216","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2022-07","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2022-07","year":2022,"value":130766,"displayValue":"130,766","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2022-08","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2022-08","year":2022,"value":131056,"displayValue":"131,056","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2022-09","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2022-09","year":2022,"value":131285,"displayValue":"131,285","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2022-10","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2022-10","year":2022,"value":131646,"displayValue":"131,646","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2022-11","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2022-11","year":2022,"value":131863,"displayValue":"131,863","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2022-12","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2022-12","year":2022,"value":131977,"displayValue":"131,977","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2023-01","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2023-01","year":2023,"value":132292,"displayValue":"132,292","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2023-02","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2023-02","year":2023,"value":132528,"displayValue":"132,528","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2023-03","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2023-03","year":2023,"value":132554,"displayValue":"132,554","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2023-04","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2023-04","year":2023,"value":132733,"displayValue":"132,733","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2023-05","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2023-05","year":2023,"value":132933,"displayValue":"132,933","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2023-06","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2023-06","year":2023,"value":133088,"displayValue":"133,088","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2023-07","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2023-07","year":2023,"value":133206,"displayValue":"133,206","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2023-08","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2023-08","year":2023,"value":133354,"displayValue":"133,354","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2023-09","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2023-09","year":2023,"value":133469,"displayValue":"133,469","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2023-10","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2023-10","year":2023,"value":133583,"displayValue":"133,583","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2023-11","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2023-11","year":2023,"value":133667,"displayValue":"133,667","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2023-12","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2023-12","year":2023,"value":133766,"displayValue":"133,766","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2024-01","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2024-01","year":2024,"value":133892,"displayValue":"133,892","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2024-02","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2024-02","year":2024,"value":134027,"displayValue":"134,027","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2024-03","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2024-03","year":2024,"value":134170,"displayValue":"134,170","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2024-04","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2024-04","year":2024,"value":134233,"displayValue":"134,233","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2024-05","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2024-05","year":2024,"value":134278,"displayValue":"134,278","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2024-06","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2024-06","year":2024,"value":134356,"displayValue":"134,356","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2024-07","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2024-07","year":2024,"value":134348,"displayValue":"134,348","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2024-08","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2024-08","year":2024,"value":134321,"displayValue":"134,321","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2024-09","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2024-09","year":2024,"value":134463,"displayValue":"134,463","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2024-10","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2024-10","year":2024,"value":134459,"displayValue":"134,459","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2024-11","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2024-11","year":2024,"value":134575,"displayValue":"134,575","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2024-12","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2024-12","year":2024,"value":134787,"displayValue":"134,787","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2025-01","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2025-01","year":2025,"value":134711,"displayValue":"134,711","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2025-02","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2025-02","year":2025,"value":134751,"displayValue":"134,751","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2025-03","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2025-03","year":2025,"value":134818,"displayValue":"134,818","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2025-04","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2025-04","year":2025,"value":134917,"displayValue":"134,917","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2025-05","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2025-05","year":2025,"value":134937,"displayValue":"134,937","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2025-06","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2025-06","year":2025,"value":134892,"displayValue":"134,892","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2025-07","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2025-07","year":2025,"value":134957,"displayValue":"134,957","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2025-08","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2025-08","year":2025,"value":134937,"displayValue":"134,937","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2025-09","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2025-09","year":2025,"value":135005,"displayValue":"135,005","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2025-10","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2025-10","year":2025,"value":135018,"displayValue":"135,018","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2025-11","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2025-11","year":2025,"value":135090,"displayValue":"135,090","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2025-12","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2025-12","year":2025,"value":135083,"displayValue":"135,083","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2026-01","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2026-01","year":2026,"value":135263,"displayValue":"135,263","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2026-02","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2026-02","year":2026,"value":135115,"displayValue":"135,115","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2026-03","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2026-03","year":2026,"value":135317,"displayValue":"135,317","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2026-04","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2026-04","year":2026,"value":135467,"displayValue":"135,467","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2026-05","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2026-05","year":2026,"value":135528,"displayValue":"135,528","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2026-06","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2026-06","year":2026,"value":135558,"displayValue":"135,558","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"preliminary","isPreliminary":true,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"preliminary","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:payroll-employment:2026-07","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"payroll-employment","signalLabel":"Total private payroll employment","shortLabel":"Payroll employment","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2026-07","year":2026,"value":135588,"displayValue":"135,588","unit":"thousand_jobs","unitLabel":"thousand payroll jobs","status":"preliminary","isPreliminary":true,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted employees on total-private nonfarm payrolls. Payroll jobs are establishment records and are not a count of unique workers.","note":"preliminary","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2017-01","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2017-01","year":2017,"value":26,"displayValue":"$26.00","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. The series is nominal and composition-sensitive.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2017-02","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2017-02","year":2017,"value":26.07,"displayValue":"$26.07","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. The series is nominal and composition-sensitive.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2017-03","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2017-03","year":2017,"value":26.11,"displayValue":"$26.11","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2017-04","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2017-04","year":2017,"value":26.18,"displayValue":"$26.18","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2017-05","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2017-05","year":2017,"value":26.21,"displayValue":"$26.21","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. The series is nominal and composition-sensitive.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2017-06","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2017-06","year":2017,"value":26.26,"displayValue":"$26.26","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2017-07","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2017-07","year":2017,"value":26.35,"displayValue":"$26.35","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. The series is nominal and composition-sensitive.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2017-08","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2017-08","year":2017,"value":26.37,"displayValue":"$26.37","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. The series is nominal and composition-sensitive.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2017-09","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2017-09","year":2017,"value":26.49,"displayValue":"$26.49","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. The series is nominal and composition-sensitive.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2017-10","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2017-10","year":2017,"value":26.5,"displayValue":"$26.50","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2017-11","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2017-11","year":2017,"value":26.54,"displayValue":"$26.54","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2017-12","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2017-12","year":2017,"value":26.63,"displayValue":"$26.63","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2018-01","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2018-01","year":2018,"value":26.72,"displayValue":"$26.72","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2018-02","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2018-02","year":2018,"value":26.74,"displayValue":"$26.74","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2018-03","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2018-03","year":2018,"value":26.85,"displayValue":"$26.85","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2018-04","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2018-04","year":2018,"value":26.91,"displayValue":"$26.91","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. The series is nominal and composition-sensitive.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2018-05","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2018-05","year":2018,"value":26.98,"displayValue":"$26.98","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. The series is nominal and composition-sensitive.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2018-06","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2018-06","year":2018,"value":27.03,"displayValue":"$27.03","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. The series is nominal and composition-sensitive.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2018-07","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2018-07","year":2018,"value":27.1,"displayValue":"$27.10","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. The series is nominal and composition-sensitive.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2018-08","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2018-08","year":2018,"value":27.21,"displayValue":"$27.21","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. The series is nominal and composition-sensitive.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2018-09","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2018-09","year":2018,"value":27.32,"displayValue":"$27.32","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. The series is nominal and composition-sensitive.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2018-10","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2018-10","year":2018,"value":27.37,"displayValue":"$27.37","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. The series is nominal and composition-sensitive.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2018-11","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2018-11","year":2018,"value":27.44,"displayValue":"$27.44","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. The series is nominal and composition-sensitive.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2018-12","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2018-12","year":2018,"value":27.56,"displayValue":"$27.56","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. The series is nominal and composition-sensitive.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2019-01","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2019-01","year":2019,"value":27.59,"displayValue":"$27.59","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2019-02","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2019-02","year":2019,"value":27.69,"displayValue":"$27.69","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2019-03","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2019-03","year":2019,"value":27.77,"displayValue":"$27.77","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2019-04","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2019-04","year":2019,"value":27.79,"displayValue":"$27.79","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2019-05","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2019-05","year":2019,"value":27.88,"displayValue":"$27.88","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2019-06","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2019-06","year":2019,"value":27.97,"displayValue":"$27.97","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2019-07","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2019-07","year":2019,"value":28.03,"displayValue":"$28.03","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2019-08","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2019-08","year":2019,"value":28.14,"displayValue":"$28.14","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2019-09","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2019-09","year":2019,"value":28.16,"displayValue":"$28.16","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2019-10","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2019-10","year":2019,"value":28.24,"displayValue":"$28.24","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2019-11","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2019-11","year":2019,"value":28.34,"displayValue":"$28.34","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2019-12","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2019-12","year":2019,"value":28.38,"displayValue":"$28.38","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2020-01","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2020-01","year":2020,"value":28.43,"displayValue":"$28.43","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2020-02","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2020-02","year":2020,"value":28.54,"displayValue":"$28.54","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2020-03","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2020-03","year":2020,"value":28.73,"displayValue":"$28.73","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2020-04","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2020-04","year":2020,"value":30.04,"displayValue":"$30.04","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2020-05","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2020-05","year":2020,"value":29.72,"displayValue":"$29.72","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2020-06","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2020-06","year":2020,"value":29.38,"displayValue":"$29.38","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2020-07","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2020-07","year":2020,"value":29.39,"displayValue":"$29.39","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. The series is nominal and composition-sensitive.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2020-08","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2020-08","year":2020,"value":29.49,"displayValue":"$29.49","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2020-09","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2020-09","year":2020,"value":29.51,"displayValue":"$29.51","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2020-10","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2020-10","year":2020,"value":29.54,"displayValue":"$29.54","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2020-11","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2020-11","year":2020,"value":29.64,"displayValue":"$29.64","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. The series is nominal and composition-sensitive.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2020-12","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2020-12","year":2020,"value":29.91,"displayValue":"$29.91","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2021-02","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2021-02","year":2021,"value":30.05,"displayValue":"$30.05","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2021-03","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2021-03","year":2021,"value":30.03,"displayValue":"$30.03","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2021-04","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2021-04","year":2021,"value":30.22,"displayValue":"$30.22","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2021-05","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2021-05","year":2021,"value":30.41,"displayValue":"$30.41","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. The series is nominal and composition-sensitive.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2021-06","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2021-06","year":2021,"value":30.54,"displayValue":"$30.54","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. The series is nominal and composition-sensitive.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2021-07","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2021-07","year":2021,"value":30.66,"displayValue":"$30.66","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. The series is nominal and composition-sensitive.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2021-08","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2021-08","year":2021,"value":30.78,"displayValue":"$30.78","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. The series is nominal and composition-sensitive.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2021-09","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2021-09","year":2021,"value":30.98,"displayValue":"$30.98","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2021-10","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2021-10","year":2021,"value":31.14,"displayValue":"$31.14","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2021-11","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2021-11","year":2021,"value":31.23,"displayValue":"$31.23","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2021-12","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2021-12","year":2021,"value":31.39,"displayValue":"$31.39","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2022-01","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2022-01","year":2022,"value":31.6,"displayValue":"$31.60","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2022-02","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2022-02","year":2022,"value":31.64,"displayValue":"$31.64","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2022-03","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2022-03","year":2022,"value":31.8,"displayValue":"$31.80","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2022-04","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2022-04","year":2022,"value":31.96,"displayValue":"$31.96","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2022-05","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2022-05","year":2022,"value":32.1,"displayValue":"$32.10","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2022-06","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2022-06","year":2022,"value":32.19,"displayValue":"$32.19","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2022-07","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2022-07","year":2022,"value":32.34,"displayValue":"$32.34","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2022-08","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2022-08","year":2022,"value":32.44,"displayValue":"$32.44","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2022-09","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2022-09","year":2022,"value":32.57,"displayValue":"$32.57","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2022-10","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2022-10","year":2022,"value":32.7,"displayValue":"$32.70","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. The series is nominal and composition-sensitive.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2022-11","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2022-11","year":2022,"value":32.82,"displayValue":"$32.82","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. The series is nominal and composition-sensitive.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2022-12","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2022-12","year":2022,"value":32.94,"displayValue":"$32.94","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. The series is nominal and composition-sensitive.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2023-01","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2023-01","year":2023,"value":33.02,"displayValue":"$33.02","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. The series is nominal and composition-sensitive.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2023-02","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2023-02","year":2023,"value":33.15,"displayValue":"$33.15","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. The series is nominal and composition-sensitive.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2023-03","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2023-03","year":2023,"value":33.27,"displayValue":"$33.27","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. The series is nominal and composition-sensitive.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2023-04","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2023-04","year":2023,"value":33.43,"displayValue":"$33.43","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. The series is nominal and composition-sensitive.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2023-05","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2023-05","year":2023,"value":33.5,"displayValue":"$33.50","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. The series is nominal and composition-sensitive.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2023-06","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2023-06","year":2023,"value":33.69,"displayValue":"$33.69","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. The series is nominal and composition-sensitive.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2023-07","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2023-07","year":2023,"value":33.85,"displayValue":"$33.85","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. The series is nominal and composition-sensitive.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2023-08","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2023-08","year":2023,"value":33.89,"displayValue":"$33.89","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. The series is nominal and composition-sensitive.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2023-09","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2023-09","year":2023,"value":34.01,"displayValue":"$34.01","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2023-10","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2023-10","year":2023,"value":34.08,"displayValue":"$34.08","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2023-11","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2023-11","year":2023,"value":34.17,"displayValue":"$34.17","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2023-12","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2023-12","year":2023,"value":34.29,"displayValue":"$34.29","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. The series is nominal and composition-sensitive.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2024-01","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2024-01","year":2024,"value":34.47,"displayValue":"$34.47","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. The series is nominal and composition-sensitive.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2024-02","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2024-02","year":2024,"value":34.52,"displayValue":"$34.52","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. The series is nominal and composition-sensitive.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2024-03","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2024-03","year":2024,"value":34.65,"displayValue":"$34.65","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. The series is nominal and composition-sensitive.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2024-04","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2024-04","year":2024,"value":34.76,"displayValue":"$34.76","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. The series is nominal and composition-sensitive.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2024-05","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2024-05","year":2024,"value":34.89,"displayValue":"$34.89","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. The series is nominal and composition-sensitive.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2024-06","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2024-06","year":2024,"value":35.01,"displayValue":"$35.01","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. The series is nominal and composition-sensitive.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2024-07","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2024-07","year":2024,"value":35.08,"displayValue":"$35.08","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. The series is nominal and composition-sensitive.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2024-08","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2024-08","year":2024,"value":35.22,"displayValue":"$35.22","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. The series is nominal and composition-sensitive.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2024-09","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2024-09","year":2024,"value":35.34,"displayValue":"$35.34","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2024-10","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2024-10","year":2024,"value":35.46,"displayValue":"$35.46","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2024-11","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2024-11","year":2024,"value":35.6,"displayValue":"$35.60","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. The series is nominal and composition-sensitive.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2024-12","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2024-12","year":2024,"value":35.69,"displayValue":"$35.69","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. The series is nominal and composition-sensitive.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2025-01","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2025-01","year":2025,"value":35.84,"displayValue":"$35.84","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. The series is nominal and composition-sensitive.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2025-02","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2025-02","year":2025,"value":35.94,"displayValue":"$35.94","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. The series is nominal and composition-sensitive.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2025-03","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2025-03","year":2025,"value":36.11,"displayValue":"$36.11","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. The series is nominal and composition-sensitive.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2025-04","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2025-04","year":2025,"value":36.12,"displayValue":"$36.12","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. The series is nominal and composition-sensitive.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2025-05","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2025-05","year":2025,"value":36.28,"displayValue":"$36.28","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. The series is nominal and composition-sensitive.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2025-06","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2025-06","year":2025,"value":36.36,"displayValue":"$36.36","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. The series is nominal and composition-sensitive.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2025-07","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2025-07","year":2025,"value":36.47,"displayValue":"$36.47","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. The series is nominal and composition-sensitive.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2025-08","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2025-08","year":2025,"value":36.62,"displayValue":"$36.62","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2025-09","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2025-09","year":2025,"value":36.7,"displayValue":"$36.70","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. The series is nominal and composition-sensitive.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2025-10","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2025-10","year":2025,"value":36.85,"displayValue":"$36.85","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. The series is nominal and composition-sensitive.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2025-11","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2025-11","year":2025,"value":37,"displayValue":"$37.00","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. The series is nominal and composition-sensitive.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2025-12","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2025-12","year":2025,"value":37.02,"displayValue":"$37.02","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. The series is nominal and composition-sensitive.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2026-01","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2026-01","year":2026,"value":37.15,"displayValue":"$37.15","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. The series is nominal and composition-sensitive.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2026-02","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2026-02","year":2026,"value":37.27,"displayValue":"$37.27","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2026-03","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2026-03","year":2026,"value":37.35,"displayValue":"$37.35","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. The series is nominal and composition-sensitive.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2026-04","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2026-04","year":2026,"value":37.41,"displayValue":"$37.41","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. The series is nominal and composition-sensitive.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2026-05","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2026-05","year":2026,"value":37.49,"displayValue":"$37.49","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. The series is nominal and composition-sensitive.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2026-06","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2026-06","year":2026,"value":37.6,"displayValue":"$37.60","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"preliminary","isPreliminary":true,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. The series is nominal and composition-sensitive.","note":"preliminary","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hourly-earnings:2026-07","systemId":"employment","systemLabel":"Employment and earnings","signalId":"hourly-earnings","signalLabel":"Total private average hourly earnings","shortLabel":"Hourly earnings","frequency":"monthly","periodBasis":"calendar_month","period":"2026-07","year":2026,"value":37.62,"displayValue":"$37.62","unit":"current_dollars_per_hour","unitLabel":"current dollars per hour","status":"preliminary","isPreliminary":true,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-ces-public-data-2026","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-ces-public-data-2026","profileHref":"/economy/employment","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings for total-private payroll employees in current dollars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:labor-productivity-index:2017-Q1","systemId":"productivity","systemLabel":"Productivity and labor costs","signalId":"labor-productivity-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business labor productivity","shortLabel":"Labor productivity","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2017-Q1","year":2017,"value":99.432,"displayValue":"99.4","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/productivity","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted real output per hour in the nonfarm business sector, published as a 2017=100 index.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:labor-productivity-index:2017-Q2","systemId":"productivity","systemLabel":"Productivity and labor costs","signalId":"labor-productivity-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business labor productivity","shortLabel":"Labor productivity","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2017-Q2","year":2017,"value":99.485,"displayValue":"99.5","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/productivity","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted real output per hour in the nonfarm business sector, published as a 2017=100 index.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:labor-productivity-index:2017-Q3","systemId":"productivity","systemLabel":"Productivity and labor costs","signalId":"labor-productivity-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business labor productivity","shortLabel":"Labor productivity","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2017-Q3","year":2017,"value":100.294,"displayValue":"100.3","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/productivity","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted real output per hour in the nonfarm business sector, published as a 2017=100 index.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:labor-productivity-index:2017-Q4","systemId":"productivity","systemLabel":"Productivity and labor costs","signalId":"labor-productivity-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business labor productivity","shortLabel":"Labor productivity","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2017-Q4","year":2017,"value":101.031,"displayValue":"101.0","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/productivity","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted real output per hour in the nonfarm business sector, published as a 2017=100 index.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:labor-productivity-index:2018-Q1","systemId":"productivity","systemLabel":"Productivity and labor costs","signalId":"labor-productivity-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business labor productivity","shortLabel":"Labor productivity","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2018-Q1","year":2018,"value":101.359,"displayValue":"101.4","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/productivity","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted real output per hour in the nonfarm business sector, published as a 2017=100 index.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:labor-productivity-index:2018-Q2","systemId":"productivity","systemLabel":"Productivity and labor costs","signalId":"labor-productivity-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business labor productivity","shortLabel":"Labor productivity","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2018-Q2","year":2018,"value":101.371,"displayValue":"101.4","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/productivity","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted real output per hour in the nonfarm business sector, published as a 2017=100 index.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:labor-productivity-index:2018-Q3","systemId":"productivity","systemLabel":"Productivity and labor costs","signalId":"labor-productivity-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business labor productivity","shortLabel":"Labor productivity","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2018-Q3","year":2018,"value":101.668,"displayValue":"101.7","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/productivity","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted real output per hour in the nonfarm business sector, published as a 2017=100 index.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:labor-productivity-index:2018-Q4","systemId":"productivity","systemLabel":"Productivity and labor costs","signalId":"labor-productivity-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business labor productivity","shortLabel":"Labor productivity","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2018-Q4","year":2018,"value":101.486,"displayValue":"101.5","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/productivity","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted real output per hour in the nonfarm business sector, published as a 2017=100 index.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:labor-productivity-index:2019-Q1","systemId":"productivity","systemLabel":"Productivity and labor costs","signalId":"labor-productivity-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business labor productivity","shortLabel":"Labor productivity","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2019-Q1","year":2019,"value":102.34,"displayValue":"102.3","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/productivity","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted real output per hour in the nonfarm business sector, published as a 2017=100 index.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:labor-productivity-index:2019-Q2","systemId":"productivity","systemLabel":"Productivity and labor costs","signalId":"labor-productivity-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business labor productivity","shortLabel":"Labor productivity","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2019-Q2","year":2019,"value":102.971,"displayValue":"103.0","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/productivity","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted real output per hour in the nonfarm business sector, published as a 2017=100 index.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:labor-productivity-index:2019-Q3","systemId":"productivity","systemLabel":"Productivity and labor costs","signalId":"labor-productivity-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business labor productivity","shortLabel":"Labor productivity","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2019-Q3","year":2019,"value":104.129,"displayValue":"104.1","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/productivity","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted real output per hour in the nonfarm business sector, published as a 2017=100 index.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:labor-productivity-index:2019-Q4","systemId":"productivity","systemLabel":"Productivity and labor costs","signalId":"labor-productivity-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business labor productivity","shortLabel":"Labor productivity","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2019-Q4","year":2019,"value":105.103,"displayValue":"105.1","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/productivity","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted real output per hour in the nonfarm business sector, published as a 2017=100 index.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:labor-productivity-index:2020-Q1","systemId":"productivity","systemLabel":"Productivity and labor costs","signalId":"labor-productivity-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business labor productivity","shortLabel":"Labor productivity","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2020-Q1","year":2020,"value":104.679,"displayValue":"104.7","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/productivity","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted real output per hour in the nonfarm business sector, published as a 2017=100 index.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:labor-productivity-index:2020-Q2","systemId":"productivity","systemLabel":"Productivity and labor costs","signalId":"labor-productivity-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business labor productivity","shortLabel":"Labor productivity","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2020-Q2","year":2020,"value":109.772,"displayValue":"109.8","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/productivity","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted real output per hour in the nonfarm business sector, published as a 2017=100 index.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:labor-productivity-index:2020-Q3","systemId":"productivity","systemLabel":"Productivity and labor costs","signalId":"labor-productivity-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business labor productivity","shortLabel":"Labor productivity","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2020-Q3","year":2020,"value":111.491,"displayValue":"111.5","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/productivity","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted real output per hour in the nonfarm business sector, published as a 2017=100 index.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:labor-productivity-index:2020-Q4","systemId":"productivity","systemLabel":"Productivity and labor costs","signalId":"labor-productivity-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business labor productivity","shortLabel":"Labor productivity","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2020-Q4","year":2020,"value":110.599,"displayValue":"110.6","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/productivity","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted real output per hour in the nonfarm business sector, published as a 2017=100 index.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:labor-productivity-index:2021-Q1","systemId":"productivity","systemLabel":"Productivity and labor costs","signalId":"labor-productivity-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business labor productivity","shortLabel":"Labor productivity","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2021-Q1","year":2021,"value":111.394,"displayValue":"111.4","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/productivity","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted real output per hour in the nonfarm business sector, published as a 2017=100 index.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:labor-productivity-index:2021-Q2","systemId":"productivity","systemLabel":"Productivity and labor costs","signalId":"labor-productivity-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business labor productivity","shortLabel":"Labor productivity","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2021-Q2","year":2021,"value":111.626,"displayValue":"111.6","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/productivity","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted real output per hour in the nonfarm business sector, published as a 2017=100 index.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:labor-productivity-index:2021-Q3","systemId":"productivity","systemLabel":"Productivity and labor costs","signalId":"labor-productivity-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business labor productivity","shortLabel":"Labor productivity","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2021-Q3","year":2021,"value":110.948,"displayValue":"110.9","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/productivity","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted real output per hour in the nonfarm business sector, published as a 2017=100 index.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:labor-productivity-index:2021-Q4","systemId":"productivity","systemLabel":"Productivity and labor costs","signalId":"labor-productivity-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business labor productivity","shortLabel":"Labor productivity","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2021-Q4","year":2021,"value":111.578,"displayValue":"111.6","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/productivity","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted real output per hour in the nonfarm business sector, published as a 2017=100 index.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:labor-productivity-index:2022-Q1","systemId":"productivity","systemLabel":"Productivity and labor costs","signalId":"labor-productivity-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business labor productivity","shortLabel":"Labor productivity","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2022-Q1","year":2022,"value":110.176,"displayValue":"110.2","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/productivity","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted real output per hour in the nonfarm business sector, published as a 2017=100 index.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:labor-productivity-index:2022-Q2","systemId":"productivity","systemLabel":"Productivity and labor costs","signalId":"labor-productivity-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business labor productivity","shortLabel":"Labor productivity","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2022-Q2","year":2022,"value":109.36,"displayValue":"109.4","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/productivity","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted real output per hour in the nonfarm business sector, published as a 2017=100 index.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:labor-productivity-index:2022-Q3","systemId":"productivity","systemLabel":"Productivity and labor costs","signalId":"labor-productivity-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business labor productivity","shortLabel":"Labor productivity","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2022-Q3","year":2022,"value":109.423,"displayValue":"109.4","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/productivity","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted real output per hour in the nonfarm business sector, published as a 2017=100 index.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:labor-productivity-index:2022-Q4","systemId":"productivity","systemLabel":"Productivity and labor costs","signalId":"labor-productivity-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business labor productivity","shortLabel":"Labor productivity","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2022-Q4","year":2022,"value":110.047,"displayValue":"110.0","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/productivity","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted real output per hour in the nonfarm business sector, published as a 2017=100 index.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:labor-productivity-index:2023-Q1","systemId":"productivity","systemLabel":"Productivity and labor costs","signalId":"labor-productivity-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business labor productivity","shortLabel":"Labor productivity","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2023-Q1","year":2023,"value":110.298,"displayValue":"110.3","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/productivity","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted real output per hour in the nonfarm business sector, published as a 2017=100 index.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:labor-productivity-index:2023-Q2","systemId":"productivity","systemLabel":"Productivity and labor costs","signalId":"labor-productivity-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business labor productivity","shortLabel":"Labor productivity","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2023-Q2","year":2023,"value":111.404,"displayValue":"111.4","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/productivity","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted real output per hour in the nonfarm business sector, published as a 2017=100 index.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:labor-productivity-index:2023-Q3","systemId":"productivity","systemLabel":"Productivity and labor costs","signalId":"labor-productivity-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business labor productivity","shortLabel":"Labor productivity","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2023-Q3","year":2023,"value":112.786,"displayValue":"112.8","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/productivity","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted real output per hour in the nonfarm business sector, published as a 2017=100 index.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:labor-productivity-index:2023-Q4","systemId":"productivity","systemLabel":"Productivity and labor costs","signalId":"labor-productivity-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business labor productivity","shortLabel":"Labor productivity","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2023-Q4","year":2023,"value":113.881,"displayValue":"113.9","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/productivity","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted real output per hour in the nonfarm business sector, published as a 2017=100 index.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:labor-productivity-index:2024-Q1","systemId":"productivity","systemLabel":"Productivity and labor costs","signalId":"labor-productivity-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business labor productivity","shortLabel":"Labor productivity","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2024-Q1","year":2024,"value":113.947,"displayValue":"113.9","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/productivity","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted real output per hour in the nonfarm business sector, published as a 2017=100 index.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:labor-productivity-index:2024-Q2","systemId":"productivity","systemLabel":"Productivity and labor costs","signalId":"labor-productivity-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business labor productivity","shortLabel":"Labor productivity","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2024-Q2","year":2024,"value":114.99,"displayValue":"115.0","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/productivity","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted real output per hour in the nonfarm business sector, published as a 2017=100 index.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:labor-productivity-index:2024-Q3","systemId":"productivity","systemLabel":"Productivity and labor costs","signalId":"labor-productivity-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business labor productivity","shortLabel":"Labor productivity","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2024-Q3","year":2024,"value":116.035,"displayValue":"116.0","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/productivity","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted real output per hour in the nonfarm business sector, published as a 2017=100 index.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:labor-productivity-index:2024-Q4","systemId":"productivity","systemLabel":"Productivity and labor costs","signalId":"labor-productivity-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business labor productivity","shortLabel":"Labor productivity","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2024-Q4","year":2024,"value":116.445,"displayValue":"116.4","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/productivity","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted real output per hour in the nonfarm business sector, published as a 2017=100 index.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:labor-productivity-index:2025-Q1","systemId":"productivity","systemLabel":"Productivity and labor costs","signalId":"labor-productivity-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business labor productivity","shortLabel":"Labor productivity","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2025-Q1","year":2025,"value":116.187,"displayValue":"116.2","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/productivity","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted real output per hour in the nonfarm business sector, published as a 2017=100 index.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:labor-productivity-index:2025-Q2","systemId":"productivity","systemLabel":"Productivity and labor costs","signalId":"labor-productivity-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business labor productivity","shortLabel":"Labor productivity","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2025-Q2","year":2025,"value":117.385,"displayValue":"117.4","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/productivity","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted real output per hour in the nonfarm business sector, published as a 2017=100 index.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:labor-productivity-index:2025-Q3","systemId":"productivity","systemLabel":"Productivity and labor costs","signalId":"labor-productivity-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business labor productivity","shortLabel":"Labor productivity","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2025-Q3","year":2025,"value":118.884,"displayValue":"118.9","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/productivity","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted real output per hour in the nonfarm business sector, published as a 2017=100 index.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:labor-productivity-index:2025-Q4","systemId":"productivity","systemLabel":"Productivity and labor costs","signalId":"labor-productivity-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business labor productivity","shortLabel":"Labor productivity","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2025-Q4","year":2025,"value":119.35,"displayValue":"119.3","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/productivity","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted real output per hour in the nonfarm business sector, published as a 2017=100 index.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:labor-productivity-index:2026-Q1","systemId":"productivity","systemLabel":"Productivity and labor costs","signalId":"labor-productivity-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business labor productivity","shortLabel":"Labor productivity","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2026-Q1","year":2026,"value":119.594,"displayValue":"119.6","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"revised","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":true,"sourceId":"bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/productivity","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted real output per hour in the nonfarm business sector, published as a 2017=100 index.","note":"revised","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:labor-productivity-index:2026-Q2","systemId":"productivity","systemLabel":"Productivity and labor costs","signalId":"labor-productivity-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business labor productivity","shortLabel":"Labor productivity","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2026-Q2","year":2026,"value":120.017,"displayValue":"120.0","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"preliminary","isPreliminary":true,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/productivity","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted real output per hour in the nonfarm business sector, published as a 2017=100 index.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:unit-labor-cost-index:2017-Q1","systemId":"productivity","systemLabel":"Productivity and labor costs","signalId":"unit-labor-cost-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business unit labor costs","shortLabel":"Unit labor costs","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2017-Q1","year":2017,"value":99.192,"displayValue":"99.2","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/productivity","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted labor compensation required per unit of output in nonfarm business, published as a 2017=100 index.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:unit-labor-cost-index:2017-Q2","systemId":"productivity","systemLabel":"Productivity and labor costs","signalId":"unit-labor-cost-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business unit labor costs","shortLabel":"Unit labor costs","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2017-Q2","year":2017,"value":99.748,"displayValue":"99.7","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/productivity","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted labor compensation required per unit of output in nonfarm business, published as a 2017=100 index.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:unit-labor-cost-index:2017-Q3","systemId":"productivity","systemLabel":"Productivity and labor costs","signalId":"unit-labor-cost-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business unit labor costs","shortLabel":"Unit labor costs","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2017-Q3","year":2017,"value":100.222,"displayValue":"100.2","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/productivity","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted labor compensation required per unit of output in nonfarm business, published as a 2017=100 index.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:unit-labor-cost-index:2017-Q4","systemId":"productivity","systemLabel":"Productivity and labor costs","signalId":"unit-labor-cost-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business unit labor costs","shortLabel":"Unit labor costs","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2017-Q4","year":2017,"value":100.829,"displayValue":"100.8","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/productivity","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted labor compensation required per unit of output in nonfarm business, published as a 2017=100 index.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:unit-labor-cost-index:2018-Q1","systemId":"productivity","systemLabel":"Productivity and labor costs","signalId":"unit-labor-cost-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business unit labor costs","shortLabel":"Unit labor costs","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2018-Q1","year":2018,"value":101.104,"displayValue":"101.1","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/productivity","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted labor compensation required per unit of output in nonfarm business, published as a 2017=100 index.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:unit-labor-cost-index:2018-Q2","systemId":"productivity","systemLabel":"Productivity and labor costs","signalId":"unit-labor-cost-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business unit labor costs","shortLabel":"Unit labor costs","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2018-Q2","year":2018,"value":101.618,"displayValue":"101.6","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/productivity","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted labor compensation required per unit of output in nonfarm business, published as a 2017=100 index.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:unit-labor-cost-index:2018-Q3","systemId":"productivity","systemLabel":"Productivity and labor costs","signalId":"unit-labor-cost-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business unit labor costs","shortLabel":"Unit labor costs","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2018-Q3","year":2018,"value":102.314,"displayValue":"102.3","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/productivity","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted labor compensation required per unit of output in nonfarm business, published as a 2017=100 index.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:unit-labor-cost-index:2018-Q4","systemId":"productivity","systemLabel":"Productivity and labor costs","signalId":"unit-labor-cost-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business unit labor costs","shortLabel":"Unit labor costs","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2018-Q4","year":2018,"value":102.836,"displayValue":"102.8","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/productivity","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted labor compensation required per unit of output in nonfarm business, published as a 2017=100 index.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:unit-labor-cost-index:2019-Q1","systemId":"productivity","systemLabel":"Productivity and labor costs","signalId":"unit-labor-cost-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business unit labor costs","shortLabel":"Unit labor costs","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2019-Q1","year":2019,"value":104.382,"displayValue":"104.4","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/productivity","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted labor compensation required per unit of output in nonfarm business, published as a 2017=100 index.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:unit-labor-cost-index:2019-Q2","systemId":"productivity","systemLabel":"Productivity and labor costs","signalId":"unit-labor-cost-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business unit labor costs","shortLabel":"Unit labor costs","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2019-Q2","year":2019,"value":103.755,"displayValue":"103.8","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/productivity","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted labor compensation required per unit of output in nonfarm business, published as a 2017=100 index.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:unit-labor-cost-index:2019-Q3","systemId":"productivity","systemLabel":"Productivity and labor costs","signalId":"unit-labor-cost-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business unit labor costs","shortLabel":"Unit labor costs","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2019-Q3","year":2019,"value":102.651,"displayValue":"102.7","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/productivity","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted labor compensation required per unit of output in nonfarm business, published as a 2017=100 index.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:unit-labor-cost-index:2019-Q4","systemId":"productivity","systemLabel":"Productivity and labor costs","signalId":"unit-labor-cost-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business unit labor costs","shortLabel":"Unit labor costs","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2019-Q4","year":2019,"value":103.457,"displayValue":"103.5","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/productivity","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted labor compensation required per unit of output in nonfarm business, published as a 2017=100 index.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:unit-labor-cost-index:2020-Q1","systemId":"productivity","systemLabel":"Productivity and labor costs","signalId":"unit-labor-cost-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business unit labor costs","shortLabel":"Unit labor costs","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2020-Q1","year":2020,"value":106.321,"displayValue":"106.3","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/productivity","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted labor compensation required per unit of output in nonfarm business, published as a 2017=100 index.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:unit-labor-cost-index:2020-Q2","systemId":"productivity","systemLabel":"Productivity and labor costs","signalId":"unit-labor-cost-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business unit labor costs","shortLabel":"Unit labor costs","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2020-Q2","year":2020,"value":107.332,"displayValue":"107.3","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/productivity","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted labor compensation required per unit of output in nonfarm business, published as a 2017=100 index.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:unit-labor-cost-index:2020-Q3","systemId":"productivity","systemLabel":"Productivity and labor costs","signalId":"unit-labor-cost-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business unit labor costs","shortLabel":"Unit labor costs","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2020-Q3","year":2020,"value":104.121,"displayValue":"104.1","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/productivity","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted labor compensation required per unit of output in nonfarm business, published as a 2017=100 index.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:unit-labor-cost-index:2020-Q4","systemId":"productivity","systemLabel":"Productivity and labor costs","signalId":"unit-labor-cost-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business unit labor costs","shortLabel":"Unit labor costs","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2020-Q4","year":2020,"value":107.625,"displayValue":"107.6","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/productivity","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted labor compensation required per unit of output in nonfarm business, published as a 2017=100 index.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:unit-labor-cost-index:2021-Q1","systemId":"productivity","systemLabel":"Productivity and labor costs","signalId":"unit-labor-cost-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business unit labor costs","shortLabel":"Unit labor costs","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2021-Q1","year":2021,"value":106.937,"displayValue":"106.9","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/productivity","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted labor compensation required per unit of output in nonfarm business, published as a 2017=100 index.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:unit-labor-cost-index:2021-Q2","systemId":"productivity","systemLabel":"Productivity and labor costs","signalId":"unit-labor-cost-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business unit labor costs","shortLabel":"Unit labor costs","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2021-Q2","year":2021,"value":108.449,"displayValue":"108.4","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/productivity","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted labor compensation required per unit of output in nonfarm business, published as a 2017=100 index.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:unit-labor-cost-index:2021-Q3","systemId":"productivity","systemLabel":"Productivity and labor costs","signalId":"unit-labor-cost-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business unit labor costs","shortLabel":"Unit labor costs","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2021-Q3","year":2021,"value":110.544,"displayValue":"110.5","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/productivity","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted labor compensation required per unit of output in nonfarm business, published as a 2017=100 index.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:unit-labor-cost-index:2021-Q4","systemId":"productivity","systemLabel":"Productivity and labor costs","signalId":"unit-labor-cost-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business unit labor costs","shortLabel":"Unit labor costs","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2021-Q4","year":2021,"value":111.499,"displayValue":"111.5","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/productivity","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted labor compensation required per unit of output in nonfarm business, published as a 2017=100 index.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:unit-labor-cost-index:2022-Q1","systemId":"productivity","systemLabel":"Productivity and labor costs","signalId":"unit-labor-cost-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business unit labor costs","shortLabel":"Unit labor costs","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2022-Q1","year":2022,"value":113.45,"displayValue":"113.5","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/productivity","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted labor compensation required per unit of output in nonfarm business, published as a 2017=100 index.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:unit-labor-cost-index:2022-Q2","systemId":"productivity","systemLabel":"Productivity and labor costs","signalId":"unit-labor-cost-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business unit labor costs","shortLabel":"Unit labor costs","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2022-Q2","year":2022,"value":114.442,"displayValue":"114.4","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/productivity","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted labor compensation required per unit of output in nonfarm business, published as a 2017=100 index.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:unit-labor-cost-index:2022-Q3","systemId":"productivity","systemLabel":"Productivity and labor costs","signalId":"unit-labor-cost-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business unit labor costs","shortLabel":"Unit labor costs","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2022-Q3","year":2022,"value":116.407,"displayValue":"116.4","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/productivity","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted labor compensation required per unit of output in nonfarm business, published as a 2017=100 index.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:unit-labor-cost-index:2022-Q4","systemId":"productivity","systemLabel":"Productivity and labor costs","signalId":"unit-labor-cost-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business unit labor costs","shortLabel":"Unit labor costs","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2022-Q4","year":2022,"value":115.899,"displayValue":"115.9","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/productivity","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted labor compensation required per unit of output in nonfarm business, published as a 2017=100 index.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:unit-labor-cost-index:2023-Q1","systemId":"productivity","systemLabel":"Productivity and labor costs","signalId":"unit-labor-cost-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business unit labor costs","shortLabel":"Unit labor costs","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2023-Q1","year":2023,"value":116.544,"displayValue":"116.5","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/productivity","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted labor compensation required per unit of output in nonfarm business, published as a 2017=100 index.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:unit-labor-cost-index:2023-Q2","systemId":"productivity","systemLabel":"Productivity and labor costs","signalId":"unit-labor-cost-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business unit labor costs","shortLabel":"Unit labor costs","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2023-Q2","year":2023,"value":117.231,"displayValue":"117.2","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/productivity","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted labor compensation required per unit of output in nonfarm business, published as a 2017=100 index.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:unit-labor-cost-index:2023-Q3","systemId":"productivity","systemLabel":"Productivity and labor costs","signalId":"unit-labor-cost-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business unit labor costs","shortLabel":"Unit labor costs","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2023-Q3","year":2023,"value":117.571,"displayValue":"117.6","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/productivity","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted labor compensation required per unit of output in nonfarm business, published as a 2017=100 index.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:unit-labor-cost-index:2023-Q4","systemId":"productivity","systemLabel":"Productivity and labor costs","signalId":"unit-labor-cost-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business unit labor costs","shortLabel":"Unit labor costs","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2023-Q4","year":2023,"value":117.93,"displayValue":"117.9","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/productivity","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted labor compensation required per unit of output in nonfarm business, published as a 2017=100 index.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:unit-labor-cost-index:2024-Q1","systemId":"productivity","systemLabel":"Productivity and labor costs","signalId":"unit-labor-cost-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business unit labor costs","shortLabel":"Unit labor costs","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2024-Q1","year":2024,"value":119.531,"displayValue":"119.5","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/productivity","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted labor compensation required per unit of output in nonfarm business, published as a 2017=100 index.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:unit-labor-cost-index:2024-Q2","systemId":"productivity","systemLabel":"Productivity and labor costs","signalId":"unit-labor-cost-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business unit labor costs","shortLabel":"Unit labor costs","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2024-Q2","year":2024,"value":119.844,"displayValue":"119.8","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/productivity","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted labor compensation required per unit of output in nonfarm business, published as a 2017=100 index.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:unit-labor-cost-index:2024-Q3","systemId":"productivity","systemLabel":"Productivity and labor costs","signalId":"unit-labor-cost-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business unit labor costs","shortLabel":"Unit labor costs","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2024-Q3","year":2024,"value":120.171,"displayValue":"120.2","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/productivity","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted labor compensation required per unit of output in nonfarm business, published as a 2017=100 index.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:unit-labor-cost-index:2024-Q4","systemId":"productivity","systemLabel":"Productivity and labor costs","signalId":"unit-labor-cost-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business unit labor costs","shortLabel":"Unit labor costs","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2024-Q4","year":2024,"value":121.032,"displayValue":"121.0","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/productivity","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted labor compensation required per unit of output in nonfarm business, published as a 2017=100 index.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:unit-labor-cost-index:2025-Q1","systemId":"productivity","systemLabel":"Productivity and labor costs","signalId":"unit-labor-cost-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business unit labor costs","shortLabel":"Unit labor costs","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2025-Q1","year":2025,"value":123.17,"displayValue":"123.2","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/productivity","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted labor compensation required per unit of output in nonfarm business, published as a 2017=100 index.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:unit-labor-cost-index:2025-Q2","systemId":"productivity","systemLabel":"Productivity and labor costs","signalId":"unit-labor-cost-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business unit labor costs","shortLabel":"Unit labor costs","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2025-Q2","year":2025,"value":122.27,"displayValue":"122.3","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/productivity","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted labor compensation required per unit of output in nonfarm business, published as a 2017=100 index.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:unit-labor-cost-index:2025-Q3","systemId":"productivity","systemLabel":"Productivity and labor costs","signalId":"unit-labor-cost-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business unit labor costs","shortLabel":"Unit labor costs","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2025-Q3","year":2025,"value":122.57,"displayValue":"122.6","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/productivity","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted labor compensation required per unit of output in nonfarm business, published as a 2017=100 index.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:unit-labor-cost-index:2025-Q4","systemId":"productivity","systemLabel":"Productivity and labor costs","signalId":"unit-labor-cost-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business unit labor costs","shortLabel":"Unit labor costs","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2025-Q4","year":2025,"value":123.216,"displayValue":"123.2","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/productivity","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted labor compensation required per unit of output in nonfarm business, published as a 2017=100 index.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:unit-labor-cost-index:2026-Q1","systemId":"productivity","systemLabel":"Productivity and labor costs","signalId":"unit-labor-cost-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business unit labor costs","shortLabel":"Unit labor costs","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2026-Q1","year":2026,"value":123.62,"displayValue":"123.6","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"revised","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":true,"sourceId":"bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/productivity","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted labor compensation required per unit of output in nonfarm business, published as a 2017=100 index.","note":"revised","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:unit-labor-cost-index:2026-Q2","systemId":"productivity","systemLabel":"Productivity and labor costs","signalId":"unit-labor-cost-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business unit labor costs","shortLabel":"Unit labor costs","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2026-Q2","year":2026,"value":124.022,"displayValue":"124.0","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"preliminary","isPreliminary":true,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/bls-major-sector-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/productivity","interpretation":"Seasonally adjusted labor compensation required per unit of output in nonfarm business, published as a 2017=100 index.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:labor-share-index:2017-Q1","systemId":"labor-share","systemLabel":"Labor share and compensation","signalId":"labor-share-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business labor share","shortLabel":"Labor share","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2017-Q1","year":2017,"value":99.721,"displayValue":"99.7","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"fred-bls-labor-share-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/fred-bls-labor-share-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/labor-share","interpretation":"Worker compensation relative to current-dollar nonfarm business output, published as a 2017=100 index rather than a percentage share.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:labor-share-index:2017-Q2","systemId":"labor-share","systemLabel":"Labor share and compensation","signalId":"labor-share-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business labor share","shortLabel":"Labor share","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2017-Q2","year":2017,"value":100.101,"displayValue":"100.1","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"fred-bls-labor-share-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/fred-bls-labor-share-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/labor-share","interpretation":"Worker compensation relative to current-dollar nonfarm business output, published as a 2017=100 index rather than a percentage share.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:labor-share-index:2017-Q3","systemId":"labor-share","systemLabel":"Labor share and compensation","signalId":"labor-share-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business labor share","shortLabel":"Labor share","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2017-Q3","year":2017,"value":100.062,"displayValue":"100.1","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"fred-bls-labor-share-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/fred-bls-labor-share-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/labor-share","interpretation":"Worker compensation relative to current-dollar nonfarm business output, published as a 2017=100 index rather than a percentage share.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:labor-share-index:2017-Q4","systemId":"labor-share","systemLabel":"Labor share and compensation","signalId":"labor-share-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business labor share","shortLabel":"Labor share","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2017-Q4","year":2017,"value":100.128,"displayValue":"100.1","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"fred-bls-labor-share-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/fred-bls-labor-share-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/labor-share","interpretation":"Worker compensation relative to current-dollar nonfarm business output, published as a 2017=100 index rather than a percentage share.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:labor-share-index:2024-Q4","systemId":"labor-share","systemLabel":"Labor share and compensation","signalId":"labor-share-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business labor share","shortLabel":"Labor share","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2024-Q4","year":2024,"value":96.94,"displayValue":"96.9","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"fred-bls-labor-share-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/fred-bls-labor-share-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/labor-share","interpretation":"Worker compensation relative to current-dollar nonfarm business output, published as a 2017=100 index rather than a percentage share.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:labor-share-index:2025-Q1","systemId":"labor-share","systemLabel":"Labor share and compensation","signalId":"labor-share-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business labor share","shortLabel":"Labor share","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2025-Q1","year":2025,"value":97.871,"displayValue":"97.9","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"fred-bls-labor-share-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/fred-bls-labor-share-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/labor-share","interpretation":"Worker compensation relative to current-dollar nonfarm business output, published as a 2017=100 index rather than a percentage share.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:labor-share-index:2025-Q2","systemId":"labor-share","systemLabel":"Labor share and compensation","signalId":"labor-share-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business labor share","shortLabel":"Labor share","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2025-Q2","year":2025,"value":96.723,"displayValue":"96.7","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"fred-bls-labor-share-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/fred-bls-labor-share-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/labor-share","interpretation":"Worker compensation relative to current-dollar nonfarm business output, published as a 2017=100 index rather than a percentage share.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:labor-share-index:2025-Q3","systemId":"labor-share","systemLabel":"Labor share and compensation","signalId":"labor-share-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business labor share","shortLabel":"Labor share","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2025-Q3","year":2025,"value":95.999,"displayValue":"96.0","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"fred-bls-labor-share-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/fred-bls-labor-share-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/labor-share","interpretation":"Worker compensation relative to current-dollar nonfarm business output, published as a 2017=100 index rather than a percentage share.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:labor-share-index:2025-Q4","systemId":"labor-share","systemLabel":"Labor share and compensation","signalId":"labor-share-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business labor share","shortLabel":"Labor share","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2025-Q4","year":2025,"value":95.727,"displayValue":"95.7","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"fred-bls-labor-share-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/fred-bls-labor-share-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/labor-share","interpretation":"Worker compensation relative to current-dollar nonfarm business output, published as a 2017=100 index rather than a percentage share.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:labor-share-index:2026-Q1","systemId":"labor-share","systemLabel":"Labor share and compensation","signalId":"labor-share-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business labor share","shortLabel":"Labor share","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2026-Q1","year":2026,"value":94.843,"displayValue":"94.8","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"revised","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":true,"sourceId":"fred-bls-labor-share-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/fred-bls-labor-share-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/labor-share","interpretation":"Worker compensation relative to current-dollar nonfarm business output, published as a 2017=100 index rather than a percentage share.","note":"Revised in the BLS second-quarter 2026 release.","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:labor-share-index:2026-Q2","systemId":"labor-share","systemLabel":"Labor share and compensation","signalId":"labor-share-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business labor share","shortLabel":"Labor share","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2026-Q2","year":2026,"value":93.547,"displayValue":"93.5","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"preliminary","isPreliminary":true,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"fred-bls-labor-share-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/fred-bls-labor-share-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/labor-share","interpretation":"Worker compensation relative to current-dollar nonfarm business output, published as a 2017=100 index rather than a percentage share.","note":"Preliminary in the BLS second-quarter 2026 release.","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:real-hourly-compensation-index:2017-Q1","systemId":"labor-share","systemLabel":"Labor share and compensation","signalId":"real-hourly-compensation-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business real hourly compensation","shortLabel":"Real compensation","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2017-Q1","year":2017,"value":99.152,"displayValue":"99.2","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"fred-bls-labor-share-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/fred-bls-labor-share-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/labor-share","interpretation":"Hourly labor compensation adjusted with the BLS consumer-price deflator, published as a 2017=100 nonfarm business index.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:real-hourly-compensation-index:2017-Q2","systemId":"labor-share","systemLabel":"Labor share and compensation","signalId":"real-hourly-compensation-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business real hourly compensation","shortLabel":"Real compensation","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2017-Q2","year":2017,"value":99.649,"displayValue":"99.6","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"fred-bls-labor-share-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/fred-bls-labor-share-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/labor-share","interpretation":"Hourly labor compensation adjusted with the BLS consumer-price deflator, published as a 2017=100 nonfarm business index.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:real-hourly-compensation-index:2017-Q3","systemId":"labor-share","systemLabel":"Labor share and compensation","signalId":"real-hourly-compensation-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business real hourly compensation","shortLabel":"Real compensation","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2017-Q3","year":2017,"value":100.452,"displayValue":"100.5","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"fred-bls-labor-share-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/fred-bls-labor-share-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/labor-share","interpretation":"Hourly labor compensation adjusted with the BLS consumer-price deflator, published as a 2017=100 nonfarm business index.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:real-hourly-compensation-index:2020-Q4","systemId":"labor-share","systemLabel":"Labor share and compensation","signalId":"real-hourly-compensation-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business real hourly compensation","shortLabel":"Real compensation","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2020-Q4","year":2020,"value":111.637,"displayValue":"111.6","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"fred-bls-labor-share-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/fred-bls-labor-share-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/labor-share","interpretation":"Hourly labor compensation adjusted with the BLS consumer-price deflator, published as a 2017=100 nonfarm business index.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:real-hourly-compensation-index:2021-Q1","systemId":"labor-share","systemLabel":"Labor share and compensation","signalId":"real-hourly-compensation-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business real hourly compensation","shortLabel":"Real compensation","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2021-Q1","year":2021,"value":110.56,"displayValue":"110.6","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"fred-bls-labor-share-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/fred-bls-labor-share-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/labor-share","interpretation":"Hourly labor compensation adjusted with the BLS consumer-price deflator, published as a 2017=100 nonfarm business index.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:real-hourly-compensation-index:2021-Q2","systemId":"labor-share","systemLabel":"Labor share and compensation","signalId":"real-hourly-compensation-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business real hourly compensation","shortLabel":"Real compensation","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2021-Q2","year":2021,"value":110.218,"displayValue":"110.2","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"fred-bls-labor-share-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/fred-bls-labor-share-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/labor-share","interpretation":"Hourly labor compensation adjusted with the BLS consumer-price deflator, published as a 2017=100 nonfarm business index.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:real-hourly-compensation-index:2025-Q4","systemId":"labor-share","systemLabel":"Labor share and compensation","signalId":"real-hourly-compensation-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business real hourly compensation","shortLabel":"Real compensation","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2025-Q4","year":2025,"value":110.486,"displayValue":"110.5","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"fred-bls-labor-share-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/fred-bls-labor-share-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/labor-share","interpretation":"Hourly labor compensation adjusted with the BLS consumer-price deflator, published as a 2017=100 nonfarm business index.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:real-hourly-compensation-index:2026-Q1","systemId":"labor-share","systemLabel":"Labor share and compensation","signalId":"real-hourly-compensation-index","signalLabel":"Nonfarm business real hourly compensation","shortLabel":"Real compensation","frequency":"quarterly","periodBasis":"calendar_quarter","period":"2026-Q1","year":2026,"value":110.109,"displayValue":"110.1","unit":"index_2017_100","unitLabel":"index, 2017=100","status":"revised","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":true,"sourceId":"fred-bls-labor-share-productivity-2026-q2","sourcePublisher":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","sourceAccessDate":"2026-08-13","sourceHref":"/sources/fred-bls-labor-share-productivity-2026-q2","profileHref":"/economy/labor-share","interpretation":"Hourly labor compensation adjusted with the BLS consumer-price deflator, published as a 2017=100 nonfarm business index.","note":"Revised in the BLS second-quarter 2026 release.","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:net-job-creation-rate:2018","systemId":"dynamism","systemLabel":"Business dynamism","signalId":"net-job-creation-rate","signalLabel":"National net job creation rate","shortLabel":"Net job creation","frequency":"annual","periodBasis":"calendar_year","period":"2018","year":2018,"value":1.647,"displayValue":"1.6%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"census-business-dynamics-2023","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Census Bureau","sourceAccessDate":"2026-07-19","sourceHref":"/sources/census-business-dynamics-2023","profileHref":"/economy/dynamism","interpretation":"National job creation minus job destruction as a share of employment in Census Business Dynamics Statistics.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:net-job-creation-rate:2022","systemId":"dynamism","systemLabel":"Business dynamism","signalId":"net-job-creation-rate","signalLabel":"National net job creation rate","shortLabel":"Net job creation","frequency":"annual","periodBasis":"calendar_year","period":"2022","year":2022,"value":5.424,"displayValue":"5.4%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"census-business-dynamics-2023","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Census Bureau","sourceAccessDate":"2026-07-19","sourceHref":"/sources/census-business-dynamics-2023","profileHref":"/economy/dynamism","interpretation":"National job creation minus job destruction as a share of employment in Census Business Dynamics Statistics.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:net-job-creation-rate:2023","systemId":"dynamism","systemLabel":"Business dynamism","signalId":"net-job-creation-rate","signalLabel":"National net job creation rate","shortLabel":"Net job creation","frequency":"annual","periodBasis":"calendar_year","period":"2023","year":2023,"value":2.534,"displayValue":"2.5%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of employment","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"census-business-dynamics-2023","sourcePublisher":"U.S. Census Bureau","sourceAccessDate":"2026-07-19","sourceHref":"/sources/census-business-dynamics-2023","profileHref":"/economy/dynamism","interpretation":"National job creation minus job destruction as a share of employment in Census Business Dynamics Statistics.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hsr-transactions:2017","systemId":"mergers","systemLabel":"Merger-review pipeline","signalId":"hsr-transactions","signalLabel":"HSR transactions reported","shortLabel":"HSR transactions","frequency":"annual","periodBasis":"fiscal_year","period":"FY2017","year":2017,"value":2052,"displayValue":"2,052","unit":"count","unitLabel":"reported transactions","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"ftc-doj-hsr-report-2025","sourcePublisher":"Federal Trade Commission and U.S. Department of Justice","sourceAccessDate":"2026-07-18","sourceHref":"/sources/ftc-doj-hsr-report-2025","profileHref":"/mergers","interpretation":"Transactions reported under the federal Hart-Scott-Rodino program by fiscal year. 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These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hsr-transactions:2022","systemId":"mergers","systemLabel":"Merger-review pipeline","signalId":"hsr-transactions","signalLabel":"HSR transactions reported","shortLabel":"HSR transactions","frequency":"annual","periodBasis":"fiscal_year","period":"FY2022","year":2022,"value":3152,"displayValue":"3,152","unit":"count","unitLabel":"reported transactions","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"ftc-doj-hsr-report-2025","sourcePublisher":"Federal Trade Commission and U.S. Department of Justice","sourceAccessDate":"2026-07-18","sourceHref":"/sources/ftc-doj-hsr-report-2025","profileHref":"/mergers","interpretation":"Transactions reported under the federal Hart-Scott-Rodino program by fiscal year. Filing volume is not merger harm or enforcement performance.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hsr-transactions:2023","systemId":"mergers","systemLabel":"Merger-review pipeline","signalId":"hsr-transactions","signalLabel":"HSR transactions reported","shortLabel":"HSR transactions","frequency":"annual","periodBasis":"fiscal_year","period":"FY2023","year":2023,"value":1805,"displayValue":"1,805","unit":"count","unitLabel":"reported transactions","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"ftc-doj-hsr-report-2025","sourcePublisher":"Federal Trade Commission and U.S. Department of Justice","sourceAccessDate":"2026-07-18","sourceHref":"/sources/ftc-doj-hsr-report-2025","profileHref":"/mergers","interpretation":"Transactions reported under the federal Hart-Scott-Rodino program by fiscal year. Filing volume is not merger harm or enforcement performance.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hsr-transactions:2024","systemId":"mergers","systemLabel":"Merger-review pipeline","signalId":"hsr-transactions","signalLabel":"HSR transactions reported","shortLabel":"HSR transactions","frequency":"annual","periodBasis":"fiscal_year","period":"FY2024","year":2024,"value":2031,"displayValue":"2,031","unit":"count","unitLabel":"reported transactions","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"ftc-doj-hsr-report-2025","sourcePublisher":"Federal Trade Commission and U.S. Department of Justice","sourceAccessDate":"2026-07-18","sourceHref":"/sources/ftc-doj-hsr-report-2025","profileHref":"/mergers","interpretation":"Transactions reported under the federal Hart-Scott-Rodino program by fiscal year. Filing volume is not merger harm or enforcement performance.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hsr-transactions:2025","systemId":"mergers","systemLabel":"Merger-review pipeline","signalId":"hsr-transactions","signalLabel":"HSR transactions reported","shortLabel":"HSR transactions","frequency":"annual","periodBasis":"fiscal_year","period":"FY2025","year":2025,"value":2006,"displayValue":"2,006","unit":"count","unitLabel":"reported transactions","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"ftc-doj-hsr-report-2025","sourcePublisher":"Federal Trade Commission and U.S. Department of Justice","sourceAccessDate":"2026-07-18","sourceHref":"/sources/ftc-doj-hsr-report-2025","profileHref":"/mergers","interpretation":"Transactions reported under the federal Hart-Scott-Rodino program by fiscal year. Filing volume is not merger harm or enforcement performance.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hsr-second-request-rate:2017","systemId":"mergers","systemLabel":"Merger-review pipeline","signalId":"hsr-second-request-rate","signalLabel":"HSR Second Request rate","shortLabel":"Second Request rate","frequency":"annual","periodBasis":"fiscal_year","period":"FY2017","year":2017,"value":2.6,"displayValue":"2.6%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of adjusted transactions","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"ftc-doj-hsr-report-2025","sourcePublisher":"Federal Trade Commission and U.S. Department of Justice","sourceAccessDate":"2026-07-18","sourceHref":"/sources/ftc-doj-hsr-report-2025","profileHref":"/mergers","interpretation":"FTC and DOJ Second Requests divided by adjusted HSR transactions in the fiscal year. The rate is a review-process measure, not an outcome or effectiveness score.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hsr-second-request-rate:2018","systemId":"mergers","systemLabel":"Merger-review pipeline","signalId":"hsr-second-request-rate","signalLabel":"HSR Second Request rate","shortLabel":"Second Request rate","frequency":"annual","periodBasis":"fiscal_year","period":"FY2018","year":2018,"value":2.2,"displayValue":"2.2%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of adjusted transactions","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"ftc-doj-hsr-report-2025","sourcePublisher":"Federal Trade Commission and U.S. Department of Justice","sourceAccessDate":"2026-07-18","sourceHref":"/sources/ftc-doj-hsr-report-2025","profileHref":"/mergers","interpretation":"FTC and DOJ Second Requests divided by adjusted HSR transactions in the fiscal year. The rate is a review-process measure, not an outcome or effectiveness score.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hsr-second-request-rate:2019","systemId":"mergers","systemLabel":"Merger-review pipeline","signalId":"hsr-second-request-rate","signalLabel":"HSR Second Request rate","shortLabel":"Second Request rate","frequency":"annual","periodBasis":"fiscal_year","period":"FY2019","year":2019,"value":3,"displayValue":"3.0%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of adjusted transactions","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"ftc-doj-hsr-report-2025","sourcePublisher":"Federal Trade Commission and U.S. Department of Justice","sourceAccessDate":"2026-07-18","sourceHref":"/sources/ftc-doj-hsr-report-2025","profileHref":"/mergers","interpretation":"FTC and DOJ Second Requests divided by adjusted HSR transactions in the fiscal year. The rate is a review-process measure, not an outcome or effectiveness score.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hsr-second-request-rate:2020","systemId":"mergers","systemLabel":"Merger-review pipeline","signalId":"hsr-second-request-rate","signalLabel":"HSR Second Request rate","shortLabel":"Second Request rate","frequency":"annual","periodBasis":"fiscal_year","period":"FY2020","year":2020,"value":3,"displayValue":"3.0%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of adjusted transactions","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"ftc-doj-hsr-report-2025","sourcePublisher":"Federal Trade Commission and U.S. Department of Justice","sourceAccessDate":"2026-07-18","sourceHref":"/sources/ftc-doj-hsr-report-2025","profileHref":"/mergers","interpretation":"FTC and DOJ Second Requests divided by adjusted HSR transactions in the fiscal year. The rate is a review-process measure, not an outcome or effectiveness score.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hsr-second-request-rate:2021","systemId":"mergers","systemLabel":"Merger-review pipeline","signalId":"hsr-second-request-rate","signalLabel":"HSR Second Request rate","shortLabel":"Second Request rate","frequency":"annual","periodBasis":"fiscal_year","period":"FY2021","year":2021,"value":1.9,"displayValue":"1.9%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of adjusted transactions","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"ftc-doj-hsr-report-2025","sourcePublisher":"Federal Trade Commission and U.S. Department of Justice","sourceAccessDate":"2026-07-18","sourceHref":"/sources/ftc-doj-hsr-report-2025","profileHref":"/mergers","interpretation":"FTC and DOJ Second Requests divided by adjusted HSR transactions in the fiscal year. The rate is a review-process measure, not an outcome or effectiveness score.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hsr-second-request-rate:2022","systemId":"mergers","systemLabel":"Merger-review pipeline","signalId":"hsr-second-request-rate","signalLabel":"HSR Second Request rate","shortLabel":"Second Request rate","frequency":"annual","periodBasis":"fiscal_year","period":"FY2022","year":2022,"value":1.6,"displayValue":"1.6%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of adjusted transactions","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"ftc-doj-hsr-report-2025","sourcePublisher":"Federal Trade Commission and U.S. Department of Justice","sourceAccessDate":"2026-07-18","sourceHref":"/sources/ftc-doj-hsr-report-2025","profileHref":"/mergers","interpretation":"FTC and DOJ Second Requests divided by adjusted HSR transactions in the fiscal year. The rate is a review-process measure, not an outcome or effectiveness score.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hsr-second-request-rate:2023","systemId":"mergers","systemLabel":"Merger-review pipeline","signalId":"hsr-second-request-rate","signalLabel":"HSR Second Request rate","shortLabel":"Second Request rate","frequency":"annual","periodBasis":"fiscal_year","period":"FY2023","year":2023,"value":2.1,"displayValue":"2.1%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of adjusted transactions","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"ftc-doj-hsr-report-2025","sourcePublisher":"Federal Trade Commission and U.S. Department of Justice","sourceAccessDate":"2026-07-18","sourceHref":"/sources/ftc-doj-hsr-report-2025","profileHref":"/mergers","interpretation":"FTC and DOJ Second Requests divided by adjusted HSR transactions in the fiscal year. The rate is a review-process measure, not an outcome or effectiveness score.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hsr-second-request-rate:2024","systemId":"mergers","systemLabel":"Merger-review pipeline","signalId":"hsr-second-request-rate","signalLabel":"HSR Second Request rate","shortLabel":"Second Request rate","frequency":"annual","periodBasis":"fiscal_year","period":"FY2024","year":2024,"value":3,"displayValue":"3.0%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of adjusted transactions","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"ftc-doj-hsr-report-2025","sourcePublisher":"Federal Trade Commission and U.S. Department of Justice","sourceAccessDate":"2026-07-18","sourceHref":"/sources/ftc-doj-hsr-report-2025","profileHref":"/mergers","interpretation":"FTC and DOJ Second Requests divided by adjusted HSR transactions in the fiscal year. The rate is a review-process measure, not an outcome or effectiveness score.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."},{"id":"national-context:hsr-second-request-rate:2025","systemId":"mergers","systemLabel":"Merger-review pipeline","signalId":"hsr-second-request-rate","signalLabel":"HSR Second Request rate","shortLabel":"Second Request rate","frequency":"annual","periodBasis":"fiscal_year","period":"FY2025","year":2025,"value":2.1,"displayValue":"2.1%","unit":"percent_rate","unitLabel":"percent of adjusted transactions","status":"observed","isPreliminary":false,"isRevised":false,"sourceId":"ftc-doj-hsr-report-2025","sourcePublisher":"Federal Trade Commission and U.S. Department of Justice","sourceAccessDate":"2026-07-18","sourceHref":"/sources/ftc-doj-hsr-report-2025","profileHref":"/mergers","interpretation":"FTC and DOJ Second Requests divided by adjusted HSR transactions in the fiscal year. The rate is a review-process measure, not an outcome or effectiveness score.","note":"","guardrail":"The National Economic Context Observatory places exact source observations on one dated workspace, but it does not merge their units, frequencies, universes, seasonal-adjustment conventions, or release calendars. Monthly, quarterly, calendar-year, and fiscal-year signals keep independent scales. Missing periods are not interpolated or carried forward. These descriptive accounts do not establish concentration, profits, markups, employer power, a legal antitrust market, policy effectiveness, welfare effects, or causation, and they are never combined into a composite score."}]}