{"license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","dataset":"industry-history","count":4,"years":[2017,2022],"metric":"hhi","sources":[{"id":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","title":"2017 Economic Census Concentration of Largest Firms","publisher":"U.S. Census Bureau","citationAuthor":"U.S. Census Bureau","citationAuthorType":"organization","citationYear":2020,"url":"https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/economic-census/data/2017/sector00/EC1700SIZECONCEN.zip","description":"Economy-wide national firm concentration statistics by 2017 NAICS industry including revenue-based HHI and largest-firm concentration ratios.","sourceType":"public_dataset","accessDate":"2026-07-18","citationText":"U.S. Census Bureau, 2017 Economic Census, EC1700SIZECONCEN: Selected Sectors - Concentration of Largest Firms for the United States, released November 2020.","licenseNote":"Public federal government dataset","archivedUrl":null,"profileHref":"/sources/census-ecnsize-concentration-2017"},{"id":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","title":"2022 Economic Census Concentration of Largest Firms","publisher":"U.S. Census Bureau","citationAuthor":"U.S. Census Bureau","citationAuthorType":"organization","citationYear":2025,"url":"https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/economic-census/data/2022/sector00/EC2200SIZECONCEN.zip","description":"Economy-wide national firm concentration statistics by 2022 NAICS industry including revenue-based HHI and largest-firm concentration ratios.","sourceType":"public_dataset","accessDate":"2026-07-17","citationText":"U.S. Census Bureau, 2022 Economic Census, EC2200SIZECONCEN: Selected Sectors - Concentration of Largest Firms for the United States, released April 2025.","licenseNote":"Public federal government dataset","archivedUrl":null,"profileHref":"/sources/census-ecnsize-concentration-2022"}],"guardrail":"Five-year deltas are published only for rows whose NAICS code and industry label are identical in the 2017 and 2022 Census tables. This strict match is a conservative screening rule, not an official NAICS concordance or evidence of causation. Revenue changes are nominal and are not adjusted for inflation.","compositionGuardrail":null,"compositionSummary":null,"hhiDistributionGuardrail":"The benchmark contains strict six-digit NAICS matches with HHI published in both 2017 and 2022. Revenue and employment views hold each row's 2022 scale fixed, so band-share changes isolate HHI-band migration within this published pair universe. These distributions are not whole-economy concentration indexes, legal antitrust markets, liability findings, or causal estimates.","hhiDistributionSummary":{"benchmarkCount":789,"pairedCount":543,"coveragePercent":68.8,"medianHhi2017":265.5,"medianHhi2022":271.3,"medianHhiChange":3.6,"upwardBandCount":35,"downwardBandCount":27,"sameBandCount":481,"bands":[{"id":"under-500","label":"0-499","count2017":383,"count2022":383,"share2017Pct":70.534,"share2022Pct":70.534,"sharePointChange":0},{"id":"500-999","label":"500-999","count2017":106,"count2022":100,"share2017Pct":19.521,"share2022Pct":18.416,"sharePointChange":-1.105},{"id":"1000-1499","label":"1,000-1,499","count2017":37,"count2022":41,"share2017Pct":6.814,"share2022Pct":7.551,"sharePointChange":0.737},{"id":"1500-2499","label":"1,500-2,499","count2017":13,"count2022":14,"share2017Pct":2.394,"share2022Pct":2.578,"sharePointChange":0.184},{"id":"2500-plus","label":"2,500+","count2017":4,"count2022":5,"share2017Pct":0.737,"share2022Pct":0.921,"sharePointChange":0.184}]},"summary":{"currentCount":1866,"historicalCount":1935,"matchedCodeCount":1680,"strictMatchCount":1640,"classificationChangedCount":40,"new2022Count":186,"historicalOnlyCount":255,"currentDetailedCount":899,"historicalDetailedCount":943,"strictDetailedCount":789,"benchmarkCount":789,"pairedCount":543,"unavailableCount":246,"increasedCount":306,"decreasedCount":237,"unchangedCount":0,"medianChange":3.6},"filters":{"naics":null,"naicsMatched":null,"codes":["722310","311611","532120","492210"],"codesMatched":true,"matchedCodes":["722310","311611","532120","492210"],"unmatchedCodes":[],"branch":null,"branchMatched":null,"query":null,"level":6,"levelMatched":true,"sector":null,"sectorMatched":null,"metric":"hhi","metricMatched":true,"status":"strict_match","statusMatched":true,"availability":"all","availabilityMatched":true,"direction":"all","directionMatched":true,"hhiFromBand":null,"hhiFromBandMatched":true,"hhiToBand":null,"hhiToBandMatched":true,"sort":"change","sortMatched":true,"order":"desc","orderMatched":true},"rows":[{"naicsCode":"492210","industryLevel":6,"sectorCode":"48","sectorName":"Transportation and warehousing","industryName2022":"Local messengers and local delivery","industryName2017":"Local messengers and local delivery","comparisonStatus":"strict_match","fromYear":2017,"toYear":2022,"metric":"hhi","fromValue":130.1,"toValue":1074.7,"absoluteChange":944.6,"percentChange":726.1,"direction":"increased","hhi2017":130.1,"hhi2022":1074.7,"hhiChange":944.6,"hhiBand2017":"under-500","hhiBand2022":"1000-1499","hhiBandMovement":"higher","cr4Pct2017":20.1,"cr4Pct2022":55.5,"cr4PointChange":35.4,"cr8Pct2017":27.3,"cr8Pct2022":59,"cr8PointChange":31.7,"revenueThousands2017":5693059,"revenueThousands2022":23569739,"nominalRevenueChangeThousands":17876680,"employees2017":46788,"employees2022":147271,"employeeChange":100483,"firms2017":3873,"firms2022":4956,"firmChange":1083,"sourceId2017":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","sourceId2022":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","profileHref":"/industries/492210"},{"naicsCode":"532120","industryLevel":6,"sectorCode":"53","sectorName":"Real estate and rental and leasing","industryName2022":"Truck, utility trailer, and RV (recreational vehicle) rental and leasing","industryName2017":"Truck, utility trailer, and RV (recreational vehicle) rental and leasing","comparisonStatus":"strict_match","fromYear":2017,"toYear":2022,"metric":"hhi","fromValue":898.6,"toValue":1081.4,"absoluteChange":182.8,"percentChange":20.3,"direction":"increased","hhi2017":898.6,"hhi2022":1081.4,"hhiChange":182.8,"hhiBand2017":"500-999","hhiBand2022":"1000-1499","hhiBandMovement":"higher","cr4Pct2017":54.7,"cr4Pct2022":58.9,"cr4PointChange":4.2,"cr8Pct2017":65.7,"cr8Pct2022":70.6,"cr8PointChange":4.9,"revenueThousands2017":22485873,"revenueThousands2022":37280090,"nominalRevenueChangeThousands":14794217,"employees2017":58781,"employees2022":85869,"employeeChange":27088,"firms2017":1666,"firms2022":1693,"firmChange":27,"sourceId2017":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","sourceId2022":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","profileHref":"/industries/532120"},{"naicsCode":"311611","industryLevel":6,"sectorCode":"31","sectorName":"Manufacturing","industryName2022":"Animal (except poultry) slaughtering","industryName2017":"Animal (except poultry) slaughtering","comparisonStatus":"strict_match","fromYear":2017,"toYear":2022,"metric":"hhi","fromValue":1174.8,"toValue":1250.7,"absoluteChange":75.9,"percentChange":6.5,"direction":"increased","hhi2017":1174.8,"hhi2022":1250.7,"hhiChange":75.9,"hhiBand2017":"1000-1499","hhiBand2022":"1000-1499","hhiBandMovement":"same","cr4Pct2017":63.4,"cr4Pct2022":66,"cr4PointChange":2.6,"cr8Pct2017":76.8,"cr8Pct2022":79.3,"cr8PointChange":2.5,"revenueThousands2017":89812741,"revenueThousands2022":124669571,"nominalRevenueChangeThousands":34856830,"employees2017":146671,"employees2022":152843,"employeeChange":6172,"firms2017":1297,"firms2022":1429,"firmChange":132,"sourceId2017":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","sourceId2022":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","profileHref":"/industries/311611"},{"naicsCode":"722310","industryLevel":6,"sectorCode":"72","sectorName":"Accommodation and food services","industryName2022":"Food service contractors","industryName2017":"Food service contractors","comparisonStatus":"strict_match","fromYear":2017,"toYear":2022,"metric":"hhi","fromValue":1388.7,"toValue":1318.8,"absoluteChange":-69.9,"percentChange":-5,"direction":"decreased","hhi2017":1388.7,"hhi2022":1318.8,"hhiChange":-69.9,"hhiBand2017":"1000-1499","hhiBand2022":"1000-1499","hhiBandMovement":"same","cr4Pct2017":65.4,"cr4Pct2022":62.3,"cr4PointChange":-3.1,"cr8Pct2017":74.6,"cr8Pct2022":72,"cr8PointChange":-2.6,"revenueThousands2017":45317422,"revenueThousands2022":50858684,"nominalRevenueChangeThousands":5541262,"employees2017":628796,"employees2022":563588,"employeeChange":-65208,"firms2017":3550,"firms2022":4080,"firmChange":530,"sourceId2017":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","sourceId2022":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","profileHref":"/industries/722310"}]}