{"license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","dataset":"industry-history","count":4,"years":[2017,2022],"metric":"hhi","sources":[{"id":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","title":"2017 Economic Census Concentration of Largest Firms","publisher":"U.S. Census Bureau","citationAuthor":"U.S. Census Bureau","citationAuthorType":"organization","citationYear":2020,"url":"https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/economic-census/data/2017/sector00/EC1700SIZECONCEN.zip","description":"Economy-wide national firm concentration statistics by 2017 NAICS industry including revenue-based HHI and largest-firm concentration ratios.","sourceType":"public_dataset","accessDate":"2026-07-18","citationText":"U.S. Census Bureau, 2017 Economic Census, EC1700SIZECONCEN: Selected Sectors - Concentration of Largest Firms for the United States, released November 2020.","licenseNote":"Public federal government dataset","archivedUrl":null,"profileHref":"/sources/census-ecnsize-concentration-2017"},{"id":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","title":"2022 Economic Census Concentration of Largest Firms","publisher":"U.S. Census Bureau","citationAuthor":"U.S. Census Bureau","citationAuthorType":"organization","citationYear":2025,"url":"https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/economic-census/data/2022/sector00/EC2200SIZECONCEN.zip","description":"Economy-wide national firm concentration statistics by 2022 NAICS industry including revenue-based HHI and largest-firm concentration ratios.","sourceType":"public_dataset","accessDate":"2026-07-17","citationText":"U.S. Census Bureau, 2022 Economic Census, EC2200SIZECONCEN: Selected Sectors - Concentration of Largest Firms for the United States, released April 2025.","licenseNote":"Public federal government dataset","archivedUrl":null,"profileHref":"/sources/census-ecnsize-concentration-2022"}],"guardrail":"Five-year deltas are published only for rows whose NAICS code and industry label are identical in the 2017 and 2022 Census tables. This strict match is a conservative screening rule, not an official NAICS concordance or evidence of causation. Revenue changes are nominal and are not adjusted for inflation.","compositionGuardrail":null,"compositionSummary":null,"hhiDistributionGuardrail":"The benchmark contains strict six-digit NAICS matches with HHI published in both 2017 and 2022. Revenue and employment views hold each row's 2022 scale fixed, so band-share changes isolate HHI-band migration within this published pair universe. These distributions are not whole-economy concentration indexes, legal antitrust markets, liability findings, or causal estimates.","hhiDistributionSummary":{"benchmarkCount":789,"pairedCount":543,"coveragePercent":68.8,"medianHhi2017":265.5,"medianHhi2022":271.3,"medianHhiChange":3.6,"upwardBandCount":35,"downwardBandCount":27,"sameBandCount":481,"bands":[{"id":"under-500","label":"0-499","count2017":383,"count2022":383,"share2017Pct":70.534,"share2022Pct":70.534,"sharePointChange":0},{"id":"500-999","label":"500-999","count2017":106,"count2022":100,"share2017Pct":19.521,"share2022Pct":18.416,"sharePointChange":-1.105},{"id":"1000-1499","label":"1,000-1,499","count2017":37,"count2022":41,"share2017Pct":6.814,"share2022Pct":7.551,"sharePointChange":0.737},{"id":"1500-2499","label":"1,500-2,499","count2017":13,"count2022":14,"share2017Pct":2.394,"share2022Pct":2.578,"sharePointChange":0.184},{"id":"2500-plus","label":"2,500+","count2017":4,"count2022":5,"share2017Pct":0.737,"share2022Pct":0.921,"sharePointChange":0.184}]},"summary":{"currentCount":1866,"historicalCount":1935,"matchedCodeCount":1680,"strictMatchCount":1640,"classificationChangedCount":40,"new2022Count":186,"historicalOnlyCount":255,"currentDetailedCount":899,"historicalDetailedCount":943,"strictDetailedCount":789,"benchmarkCount":789,"pairedCount":543,"unavailableCount":246,"increasedCount":306,"decreasedCount":237,"unchangedCount":0,"medianChange":3.6},"filters":{"naics":null,"naicsMatched":null,"codes":["561591","315990","811430","493130"],"codesMatched":true,"matchedCodes":["561591","315990","811430","493130"],"unmatchedCodes":[],"branch":null,"branchMatched":null,"query":null,"level":6,"levelMatched":true,"sector":null,"sectorMatched":null,"metric":"hhi","metricMatched":true,"status":"strict_match","statusMatched":true,"availability":"all","availabilityMatched":true,"direction":"all","directionMatched":true,"hhiFromBand":null,"hhiFromBandMatched":true,"hhiToBand":null,"hhiToBandMatched":true,"sort":"change","sortMatched":true,"order":"desc","orderMatched":true},"rows":[{"naicsCode":"811430","industryLevel":6,"sectorCode":"81","sectorName":"Other services (except public administration)","industryName2022":"Footwear and leather goods repair","industryName2017":"Footwear and leather goods repair","comparisonStatus":"strict_match","fromYear":2017,"toYear":2022,"metric":"hhi","fromValue":57.7,"toValue":101.7,"absoluteChange":44,"percentChange":76.3,"direction":"increased","hhi2017":57.7,"hhi2022":101.7,"hhiChange":44,"hhiBand2017":"under-500","hhiBand2022":"under-500","hhiBandMovement":"same","cr4Pct2017":12.5,"cr4Pct2022":14.7,"cr4PointChange":2.2,"cr8Pct2017":17.6,"cr8Pct2022":25,"cr8PointChange":7.4,"revenueThousands2017":199713,"revenueThousands2022":208714,"nominalRevenueChangeThousands":9001,"employees2017":2343,"employees2022":1988,"employeeChange":-355,"firms2017":923,"firms2022":690,"firmChange":-233,"sourceId2017":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","sourceId2022":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","profileHref":"/industries/811430"},{"naicsCode":"561591","industryLevel":6,"sectorCode":"56","sectorName":"Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services","industryName2022":"Convention and visitors bureaus","industryName2017":"Convention and visitors bureaus","comparisonStatus":"strict_match","fromYear":2017,"toYear":2022,"metric":"hhi","fromValue":108.3,"toValue":118.1,"absoluteChange":9.8,"percentChange":9,"direction":"increased","hhi2017":108.3,"hhi2022":118.1,"hhiChange":9.8,"hhiBand2017":"under-500","hhiBand2022":"under-500","hhiBandMovement":"same","cr4Pct2017":15.1,"cr4Pct2022":15.7,"cr4PointChange":0.6,"cr8Pct2017":22.4,"cr8Pct2022":23,"cr8PointChange":0.6,"revenueThousands2017":2239436,"revenueThousands2022":2656992,"nominalRevenueChangeThousands":417556,"employees2017":10880,"employees2022":7889,"employeeChange":-2991,"firms2017":921,"firms2022":863,"firmChange":-58,"sourceId2017":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","sourceId2022":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","profileHref":"/industries/561591"},{"naicsCode":"493130","industryLevel":6,"sectorCode":"48","sectorName":"Transportation and warehousing","industryName2022":"Farm product warehousing and storage","industryName2017":"Farm product warehousing and storage","comparisonStatus":"strict_match","fromYear":2017,"toYear":2022,"metric":"hhi","fromValue":146.3,"toValue":118,"absoluteChange":-28.3,"percentChange":-19.3,"direction":"decreased","hhi2017":146.3,"hhi2022":118,"hhiChange":-28.3,"hhiBand2017":"under-500","hhiBand2022":"under-500","hhiBandMovement":"same","cr4Pct2017":16.5,"cr4Pct2022":13.2,"cr4PointChange":-3.3,"cr8Pct2017":25.6,"cr8Pct2022":21.4,"cr8PointChange":-4.2,"revenueThousands2017":796012,"revenueThousands2022":1015319,"nominalRevenueChangeThousands":219307,"employees2017":5155,"employees2022":5838,"employeeChange":683,"firms2017":374,"firms2022":411,"firmChange":37,"sourceId2017":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","sourceId2022":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","profileHref":"/industries/493130"},{"naicsCode":"315990","industryLevel":6,"sectorCode":"31","sectorName":"Manufacturing","industryName2022":"Apparel accessories and other apparel manufacturing","industryName2017":"Apparel accessories and other apparel manufacturing","comparisonStatus":"strict_match","fromYear":2017,"toYear":2022,"metric":"hhi","fromValue":343.5,"toValue":151.4,"absoluteChange":-192.1,"percentChange":-55.9,"direction":"decreased","hhi2017":343.5,"hhi2022":151.4,"hhiChange":-192.1,"hhiBand2017":"under-500","hhiBand2022":"under-500","hhiBandMovement":"same","cr4Pct2017":28,"cr4Pct2022":19.1,"cr4PointChange":-8.9,"cr8Pct2017":39.2,"cr8Pct2022":27.6,"cr8PointChange":-11.6,"revenueThousands2017":1063344,"revenueThousands2022":1200491,"nominalRevenueChangeThousands":137147,"employees2017":7833,"employees2022":7956,"employeeChange":123,"firms2017":568,"firms2022":650,"firmChange":82,"sourceId2017":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","sourceId2022":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","profileHref":"/industries/315990"}]}