{"license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","dataset":"industry-history","count":4,"years":[2017,2022],"metric":"hhi","sources":[{"id":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","title":"2017 Economic Census Concentration of Largest Firms","publisher":"U.S. Census Bureau","citationAuthor":"U.S. Census Bureau","citationAuthorType":"organization","citationYear":2020,"url":"https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/economic-census/data/2017/sector00/EC1700SIZECONCEN.zip","description":"Economy-wide national firm concentration statistics by 2017 NAICS industry including revenue-based HHI and largest-firm concentration ratios.","sourceType":"public_dataset","accessDate":"2026-07-18","citationText":"U.S. Census Bureau, 2017 Economic Census, EC1700SIZECONCEN: Selected Sectors - Concentration of Largest Firms for the United States, released November 2020.","licenseNote":"Public federal government dataset","archivedUrl":null,"profileHref":"/sources/census-ecnsize-concentration-2017"},{"id":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","title":"2022 Economic Census Concentration of Largest Firms","publisher":"U.S. Census Bureau","citationAuthor":"U.S. Census Bureau","citationAuthorType":"organization","citationYear":2025,"url":"https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/economic-census/data/2022/sector00/EC2200SIZECONCEN.zip","description":"Economy-wide national firm concentration statistics by 2022 NAICS industry including revenue-based HHI and largest-firm concentration ratios.","sourceType":"public_dataset","accessDate":"2026-07-17","citationText":"U.S. Census Bureau, 2022 Economic Census, EC2200SIZECONCEN: Selected Sectors - Concentration of Largest Firms for the United States, released April 2025.","licenseNote":"Public federal government dataset","archivedUrl":null,"profileHref":"/sources/census-ecnsize-concentration-2022"}],"guardrail":"Five-year deltas are published only for rows whose NAICS code and industry label are identical in the 2017 and 2022 Census tables. This strict match is a conservative screening rule, not an official NAICS concordance or evidence of causation. Revenue changes are nominal and are not adjusted for inflation.","compositionGuardrail":null,"compositionSummary":null,"hhiDistributionGuardrail":"The benchmark contains strict six-digit NAICS matches with HHI published in both 2017 and 2022. Revenue and employment views hold each row's 2022 scale fixed, so band-share changes isolate HHI-band migration within this published pair universe. These distributions are not whole-economy concentration indexes, legal antitrust markets, liability findings, or causal estimates.","hhiDistributionSummary":{"benchmarkCount":789,"pairedCount":543,"coveragePercent":68.8,"medianHhi2017":265.5,"medianHhi2022":271.3,"medianHhiChange":3.6,"upwardBandCount":35,"downwardBandCount":27,"sameBandCount":481,"bands":[{"id":"under-500","label":"0-499","count2017":383,"count2022":383,"share2017Pct":70.534,"share2022Pct":70.534,"sharePointChange":0},{"id":"500-999","label":"500-999","count2017":106,"count2022":100,"share2017Pct":19.521,"share2022Pct":18.416,"sharePointChange":-1.105},{"id":"1000-1499","label":"1,000-1,499","count2017":37,"count2022":41,"share2017Pct":6.814,"share2022Pct":7.551,"sharePointChange":0.737},{"id":"1500-2499","label":"1,500-2,499","count2017":13,"count2022":14,"share2017Pct":2.394,"share2022Pct":2.578,"sharePointChange":0.184},{"id":"2500-plus","label":"2,500+","count2017":4,"count2022":5,"share2017Pct":0.737,"share2022Pct":0.921,"sharePointChange":0.184}]},"summary":{"currentCount":1866,"historicalCount":1935,"matchedCodeCount":1680,"strictMatchCount":1640,"classificationChangedCount":40,"new2022Count":186,"historicalOnlyCount":255,"currentDetailedCount":899,"historicalDetailedCount":943,"strictDetailedCount":789,"benchmarkCount":789,"pairedCount":543,"unavailableCount":246,"increasedCount":306,"decreasedCount":237,"unchangedCount":0,"medianChange":3.6},"filters":{"naics":null,"naicsMatched":null,"codes":["313110","337214","322219","332991"],"codesMatched":true,"matchedCodes":["313110","337214","322219","332991"],"unmatchedCodes":[],"branch":null,"branchMatched":null,"query":null,"level":6,"levelMatched":true,"sector":null,"sectorMatched":null,"metric":"hhi","metricMatched":true,"status":"strict_match","statusMatched":true,"availability":"all","availabilityMatched":true,"direction":"all","directionMatched":true,"hhiFromBand":null,"hhiFromBandMatched":true,"hhiToBand":null,"hhiToBandMatched":true,"sort":"change","sortMatched":true,"order":"desc","orderMatched":true},"rows":[{"naicsCode":"313110","industryLevel":6,"sectorCode":"31","sectorName":"Manufacturing","industryName2022":"Fiber, yarn, and thread mills","industryName2017":"Fiber, yarn, and thread mills","comparisonStatus":"strict_match","fromYear":2017,"toYear":2022,"metric":"hhi","fromValue":803.1,"toValue":952.5,"absoluteChange":149.4,"percentChange":18.6,"direction":"increased","hhi2017":803.1,"hhi2022":952.5,"hhiChange":149.4,"hhiBand2017":"500-999","hhiBand2022":"500-999","hhiBandMovement":"same","cr4Pct2017":46.1,"cr4Pct2022":54.2,"cr4PointChange":8.1,"cr8Pct2017":64.9,"cr8Pct2022":72.2,"cr8PointChange":7.3,"revenueThousands2017":7106276,"revenueThousands2022":6637831,"nominalRevenueChangeThousands":-468445,"employees2017":22061,"employees2022":19117,"employeeChange":-2944,"firms2017":238,"firms2022":215,"firmChange":-23,"sourceId2017":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","sourceId2022":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","profileHref":"/industries/313110"},{"naicsCode":"322219","industryLevel":6,"sectorCode":"31","sectorName":"Manufacturing","industryName2022":"Other paperboard container manufacturing","industryName2017":"Other paperboard container manufacturing","comparisonStatus":"strict_match","fromYear":2017,"toYear":2022,"metric":"hhi","fromValue":750.4,"toValue":872.1,"absoluteChange":121.7,"percentChange":16.2,"direction":"increased","hhi2017":750.4,"hhi2022":872.1,"hhiChange":121.7,"hhiBand2017":"500-999","hhiBand2022":"500-999","hhiBandMovement":"same","cr4Pct2017":47.3,"cr4Pct2022":53.4,"cr4PointChange":6.1,"cr8Pct2017":70,"cr8Pct2022":74.2,"cr8PointChange":4.2,"revenueThousands2017":8401957,"revenueThousands2022":9178090,"nominalRevenueChangeThousands":776133,"employees2017":21698,"employees2022":19214,"employeeChange":-2484,"firms2017":175,"firms2022":159,"firmChange":-16,"sourceId2017":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","sourceId2022":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","profileHref":"/industries/322219"},{"naicsCode":"337214","industryLevel":6,"sectorCode":"31","sectorName":"Manufacturing","industryName2022":"Office furniture (except wood) manufacturing","industryName2017":"Office furniture (except wood) manufacturing","comparisonStatus":"strict_match","fromYear":2017,"toYear":2022,"metric":"hhi","fromValue":1052.2,"toValue":1075,"absoluteChange":22.8,"percentChange":2.2,"direction":"increased","hhi2017":1052.2,"hhi2022":1075,"hhiChange":22.8,"hhiBand2017":"1000-1499","hhiBand2022":"1000-1499","hhiBandMovement":"same","cr4Pct2017":58.6,"cr4Pct2022":57.7,"cr4PointChange":-0.9,"cr8Pct2017":76.5,"cr8Pct2022":75.1,"cr8PointChange":-1.4,"revenueThousands2017":8342860,"revenueThousands2022":5827651,"nominalRevenueChangeThousands":-2515209,"employees2017":27063,"employees2022":17518,"employeeChange":-9545,"firms2017":198,"firms2022":174,"firmChange":-24,"sourceId2017":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","sourceId2022":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","profileHref":"/industries/337214"},{"naicsCode":"332991","industryLevel":6,"sectorCode":"31","sectorName":"Manufacturing","industryName2022":"Ball and roller bearing manufacturing","industryName2017":"Ball and roller bearing manufacturing","comparisonStatus":"strict_match","fromYear":2017,"toYear":2022,"metric":"hhi","fromValue":883.5,"toValue":900.1,"absoluteChange":16.6,"percentChange":1.9,"direction":"increased","hhi2017":883.5,"hhi2022":900.1,"hhiChange":16.6,"hhiBand2017":"500-999","hhiBand2022":"500-999","hhiBandMovement":"same","cr4Pct2017":48.9,"cr4Pct2022":49.7,"cr4PointChange":0.8,"cr8Pct2017":68.6,"cr8Pct2022":73.4,"cr8PointChange":4.8,"revenueThousands2017":6114288,"revenueThousands2022":5808676,"nominalRevenueChangeThousands":-305612,"employees2017":19649,"employees2022":18023,"employeeChange":-1626,"firms2017":107,"firms2022":107,"firmChange":0,"sourceId2017":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","sourceId2022":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","profileHref":"/industries/332991"}]}