{"license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","dataset":"industry-history","count":4,"years":[2017,2022],"metric":"hhi","sources":[{"id":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","title":"2017 Economic Census Concentration of Largest Firms","publisher":"U.S. Census Bureau","citationAuthor":"U.S. Census Bureau","citationAuthorType":"organization","citationYear":2020,"url":"https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/economic-census/data/2017/sector00/EC1700SIZECONCEN.zip","description":"Economy-wide national firm concentration statistics by 2017 NAICS industry including revenue-based HHI and largest-firm concentration ratios.","sourceType":"public_dataset","accessDate":"2026-07-18","citationText":"U.S. Census Bureau, 2017 Economic Census, EC1700SIZECONCEN: Selected Sectors - Concentration of Largest Firms for the United States, released November 2020.","licenseNote":"Public federal government dataset","archivedUrl":null,"profileHref":"/sources/census-ecnsize-concentration-2017"},{"id":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","title":"2022 Economic Census Concentration of Largest Firms","publisher":"U.S. Census Bureau","citationAuthor":"U.S. Census Bureau","citationAuthorType":"organization","citationYear":2025,"url":"https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/economic-census/data/2022/sector00/EC2200SIZECONCEN.zip","description":"Economy-wide national firm concentration statistics by 2022 NAICS industry including revenue-based HHI and largest-firm concentration ratios.","sourceType":"public_dataset","accessDate":"2026-07-17","citationText":"U.S. Census Bureau, 2022 Economic Census, EC2200SIZECONCEN: Selected Sectors - Concentration of Largest Firms for the United States, released April 2025.","licenseNote":"Public federal government dataset","archivedUrl":null,"profileHref":"/sources/census-ecnsize-concentration-2022"}],"guardrail":"Five-year deltas are published only for rows whose NAICS code and industry label are identical in the 2017 and 2022 Census tables. This strict match is a conservative screening rule, not an official NAICS concordance or evidence of causation. Revenue changes are nominal and are not adjusted for inflation.","compositionGuardrail":null,"compositionSummary":null,"hhiDistributionGuardrail":"The benchmark contains strict six-digit NAICS matches with HHI published in both 2017 and 2022. Revenue and employment views hold each row's 2022 scale fixed, so band-share changes isolate HHI-band migration within this published pair universe. These distributions are not whole-economy concentration indexes, legal antitrust markets, liability findings, or causal estimates.","hhiDistributionSummary":{"benchmarkCount":789,"pairedCount":543,"coveragePercent":68.8,"medianHhi2017":265.5,"medianHhi2022":271.3,"medianHhiChange":3.6,"upwardBandCount":35,"downwardBandCount":27,"sameBandCount":481,"bands":[{"id":"under-500","label":"0-499","count2017":383,"count2022":383,"share2017Pct":70.534,"share2022Pct":70.534,"sharePointChange":0},{"id":"500-999","label":"500-999","count2017":106,"count2022":100,"share2017Pct":19.521,"share2022Pct":18.416,"sharePointChange":-1.105},{"id":"1000-1499","label":"1,000-1,499","count2017":37,"count2022":41,"share2017Pct":6.814,"share2022Pct":7.551,"sharePointChange":0.737},{"id":"1500-2499","label":"1,500-2,499","count2017":13,"count2022":14,"share2017Pct":2.394,"share2022Pct":2.578,"sharePointChange":0.184},{"id":"2500-plus","label":"2,500+","count2017":4,"count2022":5,"share2017Pct":0.737,"share2022Pct":0.921,"sharePointChange":0.184}]},"summary":{"currentCount":1866,"historicalCount":1935,"matchedCodeCount":1680,"strictMatchCount":1640,"classificationChangedCount":40,"new2022Count":186,"historicalOnlyCount":255,"currentDetailedCount":899,"historicalDetailedCount":943,"strictDetailedCount":789,"benchmarkCount":789,"pairedCount":543,"unavailableCount":246,"increasedCount":306,"decreasedCount":237,"unchangedCount":0,"medianChange":3.6},"filters":{"naics":null,"naicsMatched":null,"codes":["312230","311224","325110","483112"],"codesMatched":true,"matchedCodes":["312230","311224","325110","483112"],"unmatchedCodes":[],"branch":null,"branchMatched":null,"query":null,"level":6,"levelMatched":true,"sector":null,"sectorMatched":null,"metric":"hhi","metricMatched":true,"status":"strict_match","statusMatched":true,"availability":"all","availabilityMatched":true,"direction":"all","directionMatched":true,"hhiFromBand":null,"hhiFromBandMatched":true,"hhiToBand":null,"hhiToBandMatched":true,"sort":"change","sortMatched":true,"order":"desc","orderMatched":true},"rows":[{"naicsCode":"483112","industryLevel":6,"sectorCode":"48","sectorName":"Transportation and warehousing","industryName2022":"Deep sea passenger transportation","industryName2017":"Deep sea passenger transportation","comparisonStatus":"strict_match","fromYear":2017,"toYear":2022,"metric":"hhi","fromValue":3159.7,"toValue":3436.1,"absoluteChange":276.4,"percentChange":8.7,"direction":"increased","hhi2017":3159.7,"hhi2022":3436.1,"hhiChange":276.4,"hhiBand2017":"2500-plus","hhiBand2022":"2500-plus","hhiBandMovement":"same","cr4Pct2017":96.9,"cr4Pct2022":97.7,"cr4PointChange":0.8,"cr8Pct2017":99.5,"cr8Pct2022":99.6,"cr8PointChange":0.1,"revenueThousands2017":22034888,"revenueThousands2022":23234570,"nominalRevenueChangeThousands":1199682,"employees2017":16063,"employees2022":16347,"employeeChange":284,"firms2017":57,"firms2022":72,"firmChange":15,"sourceId2017":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","sourceId2022":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","profileHref":"/industries/483112"},{"naicsCode":"311224","industryLevel":6,"sectorCode":"31","sectorName":"Manufacturing","industryName2022":"Soybean and other oilseed processing","industryName2017":"Soybean and other oilseed processing","comparisonStatus":"strict_match","fromYear":2017,"toYear":2022,"metric":"hhi","fromValue":null,"toValue":null,"absoluteChange":null,"percentChange":null,"direction":"unavailable","hhi2017":null,"hhi2022":null,"hhiChange":null,"hhiBand2017":null,"hhiBand2022":null,"hhiBandMovement":null,"cr4Pct2017":74.5,"cr4Pct2022":76.3,"cr4PointChange":1.8,"cr8Pct2017":86.2,"cr8Pct2022":86.2,"cr8PointChange":0,"revenueThousands2017":35354471,"revenueThousands2022":60052658,"nominalRevenueChangeThousands":24698187,"employees2017":9499,"employees2022":8934,"employeeChange":-565,"firms2017":102,"firms2022":97,"firmChange":-5,"sourceId2017":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","sourceId2022":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","profileHref":"/industries/311224"},{"naicsCode":"312230","industryLevel":6,"sectorCode":"31","sectorName":"Manufacturing","industryName2022":"Tobacco manufacturing","industryName2017":"Tobacco manufacturing","comparisonStatus":"strict_match","fromYear":2017,"toYear":2022,"metric":"hhi","fromValue":null,"toValue":null,"absoluteChange":null,"percentChange":null,"direction":"unavailable","hhi2017":null,"hhi2022":null,"hhiChange":null,"hhiBand2017":null,"hhiBand2022":null,"hhiBandMovement":null,"cr4Pct2017":91.1,"cr4Pct2022":90.6,"cr4PointChange":-0.5,"cr8Pct2017":94.8,"cr8Pct2022":95.6,"cr8PointChange":0.8,"revenueThousands2017":47546899,"revenueThousands2022":50905423,"nominalRevenueChangeThousands":3358524,"employees2017":13164,"employees2022":11441,"employeeChange":-1723,"firms2017":141,"firms2022":121,"firmChange":-20,"sourceId2017":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","sourceId2022":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","profileHref":"/industries/312230"},{"naicsCode":"325110","industryLevel":6,"sectorCode":"31","sectorName":"Manufacturing","industryName2022":"Petrochemical manufacturing","industryName2017":"Petrochemical manufacturing","comparisonStatus":"strict_match","fromYear":2017,"toYear":2022,"metric":"hhi","fromValue":null,"toValue":null,"absoluteChange":null,"percentChange":null,"direction":"unavailable","hhi2017":null,"hhi2022":null,"hhiChange":null,"hhiBand2017":null,"hhiBand2022":null,"hhiBandMovement":null,"cr4Pct2017":74.4,"cr4Pct2022":74.3,"cr4PointChange":-0.1,"cr8Pct2017":88.9,"cr8Pct2022":90.1,"cr8PointChange":1.2,"revenueThousands2017":54235880,"revenueThousands2022":77557794,"nominalRevenueChangeThousands":23321914,"employees2017":9355,"employees2022":10829,"employeeChange":1474,"firms2017":27,"firms2022":38,"firmChange":11,"sourceId2017":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","sourceId2022":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","profileHref":"/industries/325110"}]}