{"license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","dataset":"industry-history","count":4,"years":[2017,2022],"metric":"hhi","sources":[{"id":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","title":"2017 Economic Census Concentration of Largest Firms","publisher":"U.S. Census Bureau","citationAuthor":"U.S. Census Bureau","citationAuthorType":"organization","citationYear":2020,"url":"https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/economic-census/data/2017/sector00/EC1700SIZECONCEN.zip","description":"Economy-wide national firm concentration statistics by 2017 NAICS industry including revenue-based HHI and largest-firm concentration ratios.","sourceType":"public_dataset","accessDate":"2026-07-18","citationText":"U.S. Census Bureau, 2017 Economic Census, EC1700SIZECONCEN: Selected Sectors - Concentration of Largest Firms for the United States, released November 2020.","licenseNote":"Public federal government dataset","archivedUrl":null,"profileHref":"/sources/census-ecnsize-concentration-2017"},{"id":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","title":"2022 Economic Census Concentration of Largest Firms","publisher":"U.S. Census Bureau","citationAuthor":"U.S. Census Bureau","citationAuthorType":"organization","citationYear":2025,"url":"https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/economic-census/data/2022/sector00/EC2200SIZECONCEN.zip","description":"Economy-wide national firm concentration statistics by 2022 NAICS industry including revenue-based HHI and largest-firm concentration ratios.","sourceType":"public_dataset","accessDate":"2026-07-17","citationText":"U.S. Census Bureau, 2022 Economic Census, EC2200SIZECONCEN: Selected Sectors - Concentration of Largest Firms for the United States, released April 2025.","licenseNote":"Public federal government dataset","archivedUrl":null,"profileHref":"/sources/census-ecnsize-concentration-2022"}],"guardrail":"Five-year deltas are published only for rows whose NAICS code and industry label are identical in the 2017 and 2022 Census tables. This strict match is a conservative screening rule, not an official NAICS concordance or evidence of causation. Revenue changes are nominal and are not adjusted for inflation.","compositionGuardrail":null,"compositionSummary":null,"hhiDistributionGuardrail":"The benchmark contains strict six-digit NAICS matches with HHI published in both 2017 and 2022. Revenue and employment views hold each row's 2022 scale fixed, so band-share changes isolate HHI-band migration within this published pair universe. These distributions are not whole-economy concentration indexes, legal antitrust markets, liability findings, or causal estimates.","hhiDistributionSummary":{"benchmarkCount":789,"pairedCount":543,"coveragePercent":68.8,"medianHhi2017":265.5,"medianHhi2022":271.3,"medianHhiChange":3.6,"upwardBandCount":35,"downwardBandCount":27,"sameBandCount":481,"bands":[{"id":"under-500","label":"0-499","count2017":383,"count2022":383,"share2017Pct":70.534,"share2022Pct":70.534,"sharePointChange":0},{"id":"500-999","label":"500-999","count2017":106,"count2022":100,"share2017Pct":19.521,"share2022Pct":18.416,"sharePointChange":-1.105},{"id":"1000-1499","label":"1,000-1,499","count2017":37,"count2022":41,"share2017Pct":6.814,"share2022Pct":7.551,"sharePointChange":0.737},{"id":"1500-2499","label":"1,500-2,499","count2017":13,"count2022":14,"share2017Pct":2.394,"share2022Pct":2.578,"sharePointChange":0.184},{"id":"2500-plus","label":"2,500+","count2017":4,"count2022":5,"share2017Pct":0.737,"share2022Pct":0.921,"sharePointChange":0.184}]},"summary":{"currentCount":1866,"historicalCount":1935,"matchedCodeCount":1680,"strictMatchCount":1640,"classificationChangedCount":40,"new2022Count":186,"historicalOnlyCount":255,"currentDetailedCount":899,"historicalDetailedCount":943,"strictDetailedCount":789,"benchmarkCount":789,"pairedCount":543,"unavailableCount":246,"increasedCount":306,"decreasedCount":237,"unchangedCount":0,"medianChange":3.6},"filters":{"naics":null,"naicsMatched":null,"codes":["311812","522291","423730","561599"],"codesMatched":true,"matchedCodes":["311812","522291","423730","561599"],"unmatchedCodes":[],"branch":null,"branchMatched":null,"query":null,"level":6,"levelMatched":true,"sector":null,"sectorMatched":null,"metric":"hhi","metricMatched":true,"status":"strict_match","statusMatched":true,"availability":"all","availabilityMatched":true,"direction":"all","directionMatched":true,"hhiFromBand":null,"hhiFromBandMatched":true,"hhiToBand":null,"hhiToBandMatched":true,"sort":"change","sortMatched":true,"order":"desc","orderMatched":true},"rows":[{"naicsCode":"561599","industryLevel":6,"sectorCode":"56","sectorName":"Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services","industryName2022":"All other travel arrangement and reservation services","industryName2017":"All other travel arrangement and reservation services","comparisonStatus":"strict_match","fromYear":2017,"toYear":2022,"metric":"hhi","fromValue":233.2,"toValue":442.5,"absoluteChange":209.3,"percentChange":89.8,"direction":"increased","hhi2017":233.2,"hhi2022":442.5,"hhiChange":209.3,"hhiBand2017":"under-500","hhiBand2022":"under-500","hhiBandMovement":"same","cr4Pct2017":24.1,"cr4Pct2022":32.8,"cr4PointChange":8.7,"cr8Pct2017":37.8,"cr8Pct2022":43.9,"cr8PointChange":6.1,"revenueThousands2017":16995623,"revenueThousands2022":24988646,"nominalRevenueChangeThousands":7993023,"employees2017":88749,"employees2022":76907,"employeeChange":-11842,"firms2017":1702,"firms2022":1661,"firmChange":-41,"sourceId2017":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","sourceId2022":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","profileHref":"/industries/561599"},{"naicsCode":"311812","industryLevel":6,"sectorCode":"31","sectorName":"Manufacturing","industryName2022":"Commercial bakeries","industryName2017":"Commercial bakeries","comparisonStatus":"strict_match","fromYear":2017,"toYear":2022,"metric":"hhi","fromValue":424.1,"toValue":439.9,"absoluteChange":15.8,"percentChange":3.7,"direction":"increased","hhi2017":424.1,"hhi2022":439.9,"hhiChange":15.8,"hhiBand2017":"under-500","hhiBand2022":"under-500","hhiBandMovement":"same","cr4Pct2017":34.2,"cr4Pct2022":34.5,"cr4PointChange":0.3,"cr8Pct2017":43.1,"cr8Pct2022":43.7,"cr8PointChange":0.6,"revenueThousands2017":32242109,"revenueThousands2022":38164287,"nominalRevenueChangeThousands":5922178,"employees2017":116763,"employees2022":116608,"employeeChange":-155,"firms2017":2772,"firms2022":2609,"firmChange":-163,"sourceId2017":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","sourceId2022":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","profileHref":"/industries/311812"},{"naicsCode":"423730","industryLevel":6,"sectorCode":"42","sectorName":"Wholesale trade","industryName2022":"Warm air heating and air-conditioning equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers","industryName2017":"Warm air heating and air-conditioning equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers","comparisonStatus":"strict_match","fromYear":2017,"toYear":2022,"metric":"hhi","fromValue":370.8,"toValue":374,"absoluteChange":3.2,"percentChange":0.9,"direction":"increased","hhi2017":370.8,"hhi2022":374,"hhiChange":3.2,"hhiBand2017":"under-500","hhiBand2022":"under-500","hhiBandMovement":"same","cr4Pct2017":31.7,"cr4Pct2022":35.4,"cr4PointChange":3.7,"cr8Pct2017":40,"cr8Pct2022":44,"cr8PointChange":4,"revenueThousands2017":53180121,"revenueThousands2022":96618311,"nominalRevenueChangeThousands":43438190,"employees2017":74874,"employees2022":90928,"employeeChange":16054,"firms2017":2235,"firms2022":2398,"firmChange":163,"sourceId2017":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","sourceId2022":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","profileHref":"/industries/423730"},{"naicsCode":"522291","industryLevel":6,"sectorCode":"52","sectorName":"Finance and insurance","industryName2022":"Consumer lending","industryName2017":"Consumer lending","comparisonStatus":"strict_match","fromYear":2017,"toYear":2022,"metric":"hhi","fromValue":704.7,"toValue":450.4,"absoluteChange":-254.3,"percentChange":-36.1,"direction":"decreased","hhi2017":704.7,"hhi2022":450.4,"hhiChange":-254.3,"hhiBand2017":"500-999","hhiBand2022":"under-500","hhiBandMovement":"lower","cr4Pct2017":50.7,"cr4Pct2022":34.8,"cr4PointChange":-15.9,"cr8Pct2017":60.7,"cr8Pct2022":48.8,"cr8PointChange":-11.9,"revenueThousands2017":36539412,"revenueThousands2022":47581097,"nominalRevenueChangeThousands":11041685,"employees2017":93991,"employees2022":125707,"employeeChange":31716,"firms2017":3017,"firms2022":2918,"firmChange":-99,"sourceId2017":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","sourceId2022":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","profileHref":"/industries/522291"}]}