{"license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","dataset":"enforcement-industry-economy","updatedThrough":"2026-07-24","summary":{"releaseRows":80,"returnedRows":1,"categoryCount":20,"classificationLinkCount":20,"joinedSectorCount":17,"censusGapCount":3,"yearCount":4},"dimensions":{"years":[2021,2022,2023,2024],"classificationStatuses":["joined","census-gap"]},"filters":{"year":2024,"yearRequested":"2024","yearValid":true,"status":null,"statusRequested":null,"statusValid":true,"industries":{"requested":["construction"],"matched":[{"industryId":"construction","industryName":"Construction","targetSectorCode":"23","targetNaicsCode":"23","classificationStatus":"joined"}],"unmatched":[]},"industryValid":true,"filtersValid":true},"diagnostics":{"hasInvalidFilters":false,"invalidYear":null,"invalidStatus":null,"unmatchedIndustries":[]},"sources":[{"id":"oecd-competition-trends-2025","title":"A Decade of OECD Competition Trends, Data and Insights","publisher":"Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development","url":"https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/2025/12/a-decade-of-oecd-competition-trends-data-and-insights_8aabb981/full-report.html","accessDate":"2026-07-24","profileHref":"/sources/oecd-competition-trends-2025","role":"enforcement","period":"2021-2024"},{"id":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","title":"2022 Economic Census Concentration of Largest Firms","publisher":"U.S. Census Bureau","url":"https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/economic-census/data/2022/sector00/EC2200SIZECONCEN.zip","accessDate":"2026-07-17","profileHref":"/sources/census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","role":"structure","period":"2022"},{"id":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","title":"2017 Economic Census Concentration of Largest Firms","publisher":"U.S. Census Bureau","url":"https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/economic-census/data/2017/sector00/EC1700SIZECONCEN.zip","accessDate":"2026-07-18","profileHref":"/sources/census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","role":"history","period":"2017-2022"},{"id":"census-business-dynamics-2023","title":"2023 Business Dynamics Statistics","publisher":"U.S. Census Bureau","url":"https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/bds/data.Datasets.html","accessDate":"2026-07-19","profileHref":"/sources/census-business-dynamics-2023","role":"dynamism","period":"2023"}],"methodNote":"Each OECD category is assigned through an explicit reviewed broad-sector code table. No fuzzy text matching is used. Seventeen codes join to the current Census sector-economy packet; Agriculture (11), Management of companies and enterprises (55), and Public administration (92) retain their classification links but disclose that the joined Census evidence packet is unavailable.","guardrail":"This bridge links reviewed broad industry-category codes for navigation across two separate statistical systems. It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. Positions, ranks, gaps, and co-movement must not be read as market concentration, enforcement responsiveness, competitive harm, deterrence, liability, or causation.","rows":[{"industryId":"construction","industryName":"Construction","enforcementYear":2024,"cartelDecisions":218,"dominanceDecisions":2,"cartelSourceIndustryLabel":"Construction","dominanceSourceIndustryLabel":"Construction","classificationStatus":"joined","targetSectorCode":"23","targetNaicsCode":"23","targetSectorName":"Construction","censusSectorAvailable":true,"concentrationYear":2022,"detailedIndustryCount":31,"publishedHhiCount":26,"withheldHhiCount":5,"publishedHhiShare":83.9,"medianIndustryHhi":19.4,"medianIndustryCr4":6.4,"topDecileIndustryCount":0,"topDecileIndustryShare":0,"historyFromYear":2017,"historyToYear":2022,"historyPairedCount":24,"historyCoveragePercent":77.4,"medianHhiChange":1.6,"hhiIncreaseShare":62.5,"dynamismYear":2023,"firms":684600,"establishments":703433,"employment":7614745,"establishmentEntryRate":13.016,"establishmentExitRate":11.082,"jobCreationRate":16.71,"jobDestructionRate":13.469,"netJobCreationRate":3.24,"reallocationRate":26.939,"enforcementProfileHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/construction","sectorObservatoryHref":"/economy/sectors?sector=23","sectorProfileHref":"/industries/23","enforcementSourceId":"oecd-competition-trends-2025","concentrationSourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","historySourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","dynamismSourceId":"census-business-dynamics-2023","bridgeHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/economy?industry=construction&enforcementMetric=cartel-industry-decisions&sectorMetric=median-industry-hhi&year=2024&view=plane","guardrail":"This bridge links reviewed broad industry-category codes for navigation across two separate statistical systems. It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. Positions, ranks, gaps, and co-movement must not be read as market concentration, enforcement responsiveness, competitive harm, deterrence, liability, or causation."}]}