{"license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","dataset":"enforcement-industry-economy","updatedThrough":"2026-07-24","summary":{"releaseRows":80,"returnedRows":80,"categoryCount":20,"classificationLinkCount":20,"joinedSectorCount":17,"censusGapCount":3,"yearCount":4},"dimensions":{"years":[2021,2022,2023,2024],"classificationStatuses":["joined","census-gap"]},"filters":{"year":null,"yearRequested":null,"yearValid":true,"status":null,"statusRequested":null,"statusValid":true,"industries":{"requested":[],"matched":[],"unmatched":[]},"industryValid":true,"filtersValid":true},"diagnostics":{"hasInvalidFilters":false,"invalidYear":null,"invalidStatus":null,"unmatchedIndustries":[]},"sources":[{"id":"oecd-competition-trends-2025","title":"A Decade of OECD Competition Trends, Data and Insights","publisher":"Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development","url":"https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/2025/12/a-decade-of-oecd-competition-trends-data-and-insights_8aabb981/full-report.html","accessDate":"2026-07-24","profileHref":"/sources/oecd-competition-trends-2025","role":"enforcement","period":"2021-2024"},{"id":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","title":"2022 Economic Census Concentration of Largest Firms","publisher":"U.S. Census Bureau","url":"https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/economic-census/data/2022/sector00/EC2200SIZECONCEN.zip","accessDate":"2026-07-17","profileHref":"/sources/census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","role":"structure","period":"2022"},{"id":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","title":"2017 Economic Census Concentration of Largest Firms","publisher":"U.S. Census Bureau","url":"https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/economic-census/data/2017/sector00/EC1700SIZECONCEN.zip","accessDate":"2026-07-18","profileHref":"/sources/census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","role":"history","period":"2017-2022"},{"id":"census-business-dynamics-2023","title":"2023 Business Dynamics Statistics","publisher":"U.S. Census Bureau","url":"https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/bds/data.Datasets.html","accessDate":"2026-07-19","profileHref":"/sources/census-business-dynamics-2023","role":"dynamism","period":"2023"}],"methodNote":"Each OECD category is assigned through an explicit reviewed broad-sector code table. No fuzzy text matching is used. Seventeen codes join to the current Census sector-economy packet; Agriculture (11), Management of companies and enterprises (55), and Public administration (92) retain their classification links but disclose that the joined Census evidence packet is unavailable.","guardrail":"This bridge links reviewed broad industry-category codes for navigation across two separate statistical systems. It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. Positions, ranks, gaps, and co-movement must not be read as market concentration, enforcement responsiveness, competitive harm, deterrence, liability, or causation.","rows":[{"industryId":"agriculture","industryName":"Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting","enforcementYear":2021,"cartelDecisions":10,"dominanceDecisions":7,"cartelSourceIndustryLabel":"Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting","dominanceSourceIndustryLabel":"Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting","classificationStatus":"census-gap","targetSectorCode":"11","targetNaicsCode":"11","targetSectorName":"Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting","censusSectorAvailable":false,"concentrationYear":null,"detailedIndustryCount":null,"publishedHhiCount":null,"withheldHhiCount":null,"publishedHhiShare":null,"medianIndustryHhi":null,"medianIndustryCr4":null,"topDecileIndustryCount":null,"topDecileIndustryShare":null,"historyFromYear":null,"historyToYear":null,"historyPairedCount":null,"historyCoveragePercent":null,"medianHhiChange":null,"hhiIncreaseShare":null,"dynamismYear":null,"firms":null,"establishments":null,"employment":null,"establishmentEntryRate":null,"establishmentExitRate":null,"jobCreationRate":null,"jobDestructionRate":null,"netJobCreationRate":null,"reallocationRate":null,"enforcementProfileHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/agriculture","sectorObservatoryHref":null,"sectorProfileHref":null,"enforcementSourceId":"oecd-competition-trends-2025","concentrationSourceId":null,"historySourceId":null,"dynamismSourceId":null,"bridgeHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/economy?industry=agriculture&enforcementMetric=cartel-industry-decisions&sectorMetric=median-industry-hhi&year=2021&view=plane","guardrail":"This bridge links reviewed broad industry-category codes for navigation across two separate statistical systems. It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. Positions, ranks, gaps, and co-movement must not be read as market concentration, enforcement responsiveness, competitive harm, deterrence, liability, or causation."},{"industryId":"mining","industryName":"Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction","enforcementYear":2021,"cartelDecisions":3,"dominanceDecisions":2,"cartelSourceIndustryLabel":"Mining, Quarrying and Oil/Gas Extraction","dominanceSourceIndustryLabel":"Mining","classificationStatus":"joined","targetSectorCode":"21","targetNaicsCode":"21","targetSectorName":"Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction","censusSectorAvailable":true,"concentrationYear":2022,"detailedIndustryCount":21,"publishedHhiCount":17,"withheldHhiCount":4,"publishedHhiShare":81,"medianIndustryHhi":559.2,"medianIndustryCr4":43.7,"topDecileIndustryCount":2,"topDecileIndustryShare":11.8,"historyFromYear":2017,"historyToYear":2022,"historyPairedCount":11,"historyCoveragePercent":73.3,"medianHhiChange":10,"hhiIncreaseShare":54.5,"dynamismYear":2023,"firms":15461,"establishments":21382,"employment":568964,"establishmentEntryRate":9.436,"establishmentExitRate":7.685,"jobCreationRate":20.02,"jobDestructionRate":8.774,"netJobCreationRate":11.246,"reallocationRate":17.547,"enforcementProfileHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/mining","sectorObservatoryHref":"/economy/sectors?sector=21","sectorProfileHref":"/industries/21","enforcementSourceId":"oecd-competition-trends-2025","concentrationSourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","historySourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","dynamismSourceId":"census-business-dynamics-2023","bridgeHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/economy?industry=mining&enforcementMetric=cartel-industry-decisions&sectorMetric=median-industry-hhi&year=2021&view=plane","guardrail":"This bridge links reviewed broad industry-category codes for navigation across two separate statistical systems. It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. Positions, ranks, gaps, and co-movement must not be read as market concentration, enforcement responsiveness, competitive harm, deterrence, liability, or causation."},{"industryId":"utilities","industryName":"Utilities","enforcementYear":2021,"cartelDecisions":5,"dominanceDecisions":9,"cartelSourceIndustryLabel":"Utilities","dominanceSourceIndustryLabel":"Utilities","classificationStatus":"joined","targetSectorCode":"22","targetNaicsCode":"22","targetSectorName":"Utilities","censusSectorAvailable":true,"concentrationYear":2022,"detailedIndustryCount":14,"publishedHhiCount":9,"withheldHhiCount":5,"publishedHhiShare":64.3,"medianIndustryHhi":615.9,"medianIndustryCr4":41.6,"topDecileIndustryCount":1,"topDecileIndustryShare":11.1,"historyFromYear":2017,"historyToYear":2022,"historyPairedCount":7,"historyCoveragePercent":50,"medianHhiChange":-23.9,"hhiIncreaseShare":14.3,"dynamismYear":2023,"firms":6243,"establishments":19462,"employment":661624,"establishmentEntryRate":5.266,"establishmentExitRate":5.691,"jobCreationRate":9.098,"jobDestructionRate":6.707,"netJobCreationRate":2.391,"reallocationRate":13.414,"enforcementProfileHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/utilities","sectorObservatoryHref":"/economy/sectors?sector=22","sectorProfileHref":"/industries/22","enforcementSourceId":"oecd-competition-trends-2025","concentrationSourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","historySourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","dynamismSourceId":"census-business-dynamics-2023","bridgeHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/economy?industry=utilities&enforcementMetric=cartel-industry-decisions&sectorMetric=median-industry-hhi&year=2021&view=plane","guardrail":"This bridge links reviewed broad industry-category codes for navigation across two separate statistical systems. It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. Positions, ranks, gaps, and co-movement must not be read as market concentration, enforcement responsiveness, competitive harm, deterrence, liability, or causation."},{"industryId":"construction","industryName":"Construction","enforcementYear":2021,"cartelDecisions":68,"dominanceDecisions":3,"cartelSourceIndustryLabel":"Construction","dominanceSourceIndustryLabel":"Construction","classificationStatus":"joined","targetSectorCode":"23","targetNaicsCode":"23","targetSectorName":"Construction","censusSectorAvailable":true,"concentrationYear":2022,"detailedIndustryCount":31,"publishedHhiCount":26,"withheldHhiCount":5,"publishedHhiShare":83.9,"medianIndustryHhi":19.4,"medianIndustryCr4":6.4,"topDecileIndustryCount":0,"topDecileIndustryShare":0,"historyFromYear":2017,"historyToYear":2022,"historyPairedCount":24,"historyCoveragePercent":77.4,"medianHhiChange":1.6,"hhiIncreaseShare":62.5,"dynamismYear":2023,"firms":684600,"establishments":703433,"employment":7614745,"establishmentEntryRate":13.016,"establishmentExitRate":11.082,"jobCreationRate":16.71,"jobDestructionRate":13.469,"netJobCreationRate":3.24,"reallocationRate":26.939,"enforcementProfileHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/construction","sectorObservatoryHref":"/economy/sectors?sector=23","sectorProfileHref":"/industries/23","enforcementSourceId":"oecd-competition-trends-2025","concentrationSourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","historySourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","dynamismSourceId":"census-business-dynamics-2023","bridgeHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/economy?industry=construction&enforcementMetric=cartel-industry-decisions&sectorMetric=median-industry-hhi&year=2021&view=plane","guardrail":"This bridge links reviewed broad industry-category codes for navigation across two separate statistical systems. It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. Positions, ranks, gaps, and co-movement must not be read as market concentration, enforcement responsiveness, competitive harm, deterrence, liability, or causation."},{"industryId":"manufacturing","industryName":"Manufacturing","enforcementYear":2021,"cartelDecisions":72,"dominanceDecisions":22,"cartelSourceIndustryLabel":"Manufacturing","dominanceSourceIndustryLabel":"Manufacturing","classificationStatus":"joined","targetSectorCode":"31","targetNaicsCode":"31-33","targetSectorName":"Manufacturing","censusSectorAvailable":true,"concentrationYear":2022,"detailedIndustryCount":346,"publishedHhiCount":271,"withheldHhiCount":75,"publishedHhiShare":78.3,"medianIndustryHhi":439.3,"medianIndustryCr4":38.5,"topDecileIndustryCount":37,"topDecileIndustryShare":13.7,"historyFromYear":2017,"historyToYear":2022,"historyPairedCount":238,"historyCoveragePercent":72.8,"medianHhiChange":12.4,"hhiIncreaseShare":59.2,"dynamismYear":2023,"firms":220696,"establishments":268269,"employment":12293106,"establishmentEntryRate":6.87,"establishmentExitRate":6.997,"jobCreationRate":9.548,"jobDestructionRate":8.283,"netJobCreationRate":1.265,"reallocationRate":16.565,"enforcementProfileHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/manufacturing","sectorObservatoryHref":"/economy/sectors?sector=31","sectorProfileHref":"/industries/31-33","enforcementSourceId":"oecd-competition-trends-2025","concentrationSourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","historySourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","dynamismSourceId":"census-business-dynamics-2023","bridgeHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/economy?industry=manufacturing&enforcementMetric=cartel-industry-decisions&sectorMetric=median-industry-hhi&year=2021&view=plane","guardrail":"This bridge links reviewed broad industry-category codes for navigation across two separate statistical systems. It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. Positions, ranks, gaps, and co-movement must not be read as market concentration, enforcement responsiveness, competitive harm, deterrence, liability, or causation."},{"industryId":"wholesale-trade","industryName":"Wholesale trade","enforcementYear":2021,"cartelDecisions":59,"dominanceDecisions":13,"cartelSourceIndustryLabel":"Wholesale Trade","dominanceSourceIndustryLabel":"Wholesale Trade","classificationStatus":"joined","targetSectorCode":"42","targetNaicsCode":"42","targetSectorName":"Wholesale trade","censusSectorAvailable":true,"concentrationYear":2022,"detailedIndustryCount":69,"publishedHhiCount":55,"withheldHhiCount":14,"publishedHhiShare":79.7,"medianIndustryHhi":360.8,"medianIndustryCr4":29.9,"topDecileIndustryCount":1,"topDecileIndustryShare":1.8,"historyFromYear":2017,"historyToYear":2022,"historyPairedCount":44,"historyCoveragePercent":65.7,"medianHhiChange":17.5,"hhiIncreaseShare":68.2,"dynamismYear":2023,"firms":246895,"establishments":355002,"employment":6222521,"establishmentEntryRate":6.719,"establishmentExitRate":8.243,"jobCreationRate":11.997,"jobDestructionRate":9.96,"netJobCreationRate":2.037,"reallocationRate":19.919,"enforcementProfileHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/wholesale-trade","sectorObservatoryHref":"/economy/sectors?sector=42","sectorProfileHref":"/industries/42","enforcementSourceId":"oecd-competition-trends-2025","concentrationSourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","historySourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","dynamismSourceId":"census-business-dynamics-2023","bridgeHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/economy?industry=wholesale-trade&enforcementMetric=cartel-industry-decisions&sectorMetric=median-industry-hhi&year=2021&view=plane","guardrail":"This bridge links reviewed broad industry-category codes for navigation across two separate statistical systems. It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. Positions, ranks, gaps, and co-movement must not be read as market concentration, enforcement responsiveness, competitive harm, deterrence, liability, or causation."},{"industryId":"retail-trade","industryName":"Retail trade","enforcementYear":2021,"cartelDecisions":29,"dominanceDecisions":6,"cartelSourceIndustryLabel":"Retail Trade","dominanceSourceIndustryLabel":"Retail Trade","classificationStatus":"joined","targetSectorCode":"44","targetNaicsCode":"44-45","targetSectorName":"Retail trade","censusSectorAvailable":true,"concentrationYear":2022,"detailedIndustryCount":57,"publishedHhiCount":31,"withheldHhiCount":26,"publishedHhiShare":54.4,"medianIndustryHhi":133.9,"medianIndustryCr4":32.8,"topDecileIndustryCount":3,"topDecileIndustryShare":9.7,"historyFromYear":2017,"historyToYear":2022,"historyPairedCount":1,"historyCoveragePercent":20,"medianHhiChange":11.4,"hhiIncreaseShare":100,"dynamismYear":2023,"firms":579638,"establishments":980272,"employment":16068436,"establishmentEntryRate":7.924,"establishmentExitRate":7.132,"jobCreationRate":9.257,"jobDestructionRate":8.932,"netJobCreationRate":0.326,"reallocationRate":17.863,"enforcementProfileHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/retail-trade","sectorObservatoryHref":"/economy/sectors?sector=44","sectorProfileHref":"/industries/44-45","enforcementSourceId":"oecd-competition-trends-2025","concentrationSourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","historySourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","dynamismSourceId":"census-business-dynamics-2023","bridgeHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/economy?industry=retail-trade&enforcementMetric=cartel-industry-decisions&sectorMetric=median-industry-hhi&year=2021&view=plane","guardrail":"This bridge links reviewed broad industry-category codes for navigation across two separate statistical systems. It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. Positions, ranks, gaps, and co-movement must not be read as market concentration, enforcement responsiveness, competitive harm, deterrence, liability, or causation."},{"industryId":"transportation-warehousing","industryName":"Transportation and warehousing","enforcementYear":2021,"cartelDecisions":38,"dominanceDecisions":13,"cartelSourceIndustryLabel":"Transportation and Warehousing","dominanceSourceIndustryLabel":"Transportation and Warehousing","classificationStatus":"joined","targetSectorCode":"48","targetNaicsCode":"48-49","targetSectorName":"Transportation and warehousing","censusSectorAvailable":true,"concentrationYear":2022,"detailedIndustryCount":54,"publishedHhiCount":38,"withheldHhiCount":16,"publishedHhiShare":70.4,"medianIndustryHhi":277.4,"medianIndustryCr4":40,"topDecileIndustryCount":4,"topDecileIndustryShare":10.5,"historyFromYear":2017,"historyToYear":2022,"historyPairedCount":35,"historyCoveragePercent":66,"medianHhiChange":-0.8,"hhiIncreaseShare":42.9,"dynamismYear":2023,"firms":198284,"establishments":254427,"employment":6450641,"establishmentEntryRate":14.851,"establishmentExitRate":14.67,"jobCreationRate":13.617,"jobDestructionRate":11.596,"netJobCreationRate":2.02,"reallocationRate":23.193,"enforcementProfileHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/transportation-warehousing","sectorObservatoryHref":"/economy/sectors?sector=48","sectorProfileHref":"/industries/48-49","enforcementSourceId":"oecd-competition-trends-2025","concentrationSourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","historySourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","dynamismSourceId":"census-business-dynamics-2023","bridgeHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/economy?industry=transportation-warehousing&enforcementMetric=cartel-industry-decisions&sectorMetric=median-industry-hhi&year=2021&view=plane","guardrail":"This bridge links reviewed broad industry-category codes for navigation across two separate statistical systems. It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. Positions, ranks, gaps, and co-movement must not be read as market concentration, enforcement responsiveness, competitive harm, deterrence, liability, or causation."},{"industryId":"information","industryName":"Information","enforcementYear":2021,"cartelDecisions":20,"dominanceDecisions":28,"cartelSourceIndustryLabel":"Information","dominanceSourceIndustryLabel":"Information","classificationStatus":"joined","targetSectorCode":"51","targetNaicsCode":"51","targetSectorName":"Information","censusSectorAvailable":true,"concentrationYear":2022,"detailedIndustryCount":29,"publishedHhiCount":17,"withheldHhiCount":12,"publishedHhiShare":58.6,"medianIndustryHhi":638.2,"medianIndustryCr4":45.6,"topDecileIndustryCount":4,"topDecileIndustryShare":23.5,"historyFromYear":2017,"historyToYear":2022,"historyPairedCount":6,"historyCoveragePercent":54.5,"medianHhiChange":56.4,"hhiIncreaseShare":50,"dynamismYear":2023,"firms":73823,"establishments":141691,"employment":3539955,"establishmentEntryRate":10.578,"establishmentExitRate":11.499,"jobCreationRate":12.429,"jobDestructionRate":12.678,"netJobCreationRate":-0.248,"reallocationRate":24.859,"enforcementProfileHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/information","sectorObservatoryHref":"/economy/sectors?sector=51","sectorProfileHref":"/industries/51","enforcementSourceId":"oecd-competition-trends-2025","concentrationSourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","historySourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","dynamismSourceId":"census-business-dynamics-2023","bridgeHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/economy?industry=information&enforcementMetric=cartel-industry-decisions&sectorMetric=median-industry-hhi&year=2021&view=plane","guardrail":"This bridge links reviewed broad industry-category codes for navigation across two separate statistical systems. It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. Positions, ranks, gaps, and co-movement must not be read as market concentration, enforcement responsiveness, competitive harm, deterrence, liability, or causation."},{"industryId":"finance-insurance","industryName":"Finance and insurance","enforcementYear":2021,"cartelDecisions":19,"dominanceDecisions":4,"cartelSourceIndustryLabel":"Finance and Insurance","dominanceSourceIndustryLabel":"Finance and Insurance","classificationStatus":"joined","targetSectorCode":"52","targetNaicsCode":"52","targetSectorName":"Finance and insurance","censusSectorAvailable":true,"concentrationYear":2022,"detailedIndustryCount":29,"publishedHhiCount":27,"withheldHhiCount":2,"publishedHhiShare":93.1,"medianIndustryHhi":405.8,"medianIndustryCr4":31,"topDecileIndustryCount":8,"topDecileIndustryShare":29.6,"historyFromYear":2017,"historyToYear":2022,"historyPairedCount":21,"historyCoveragePercent":91.3,"medianHhiChange":-4.1,"hhiIncreaseShare":47.6,"dynamismYear":2023,"firms":214433,"establishments":438240,"employment":6912028,"establishmentEntryRate":8.115,"establishmentExitRate":9.608,"jobCreationRate":16.192,"jobDestructionRate":14.344,"netJobCreationRate":1.847,"reallocationRate":28.689,"enforcementProfileHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/finance-insurance","sectorObservatoryHref":"/economy/sectors?sector=52","sectorProfileHref":"/industries/52","enforcementSourceId":"oecd-competition-trends-2025","concentrationSourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","historySourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","dynamismSourceId":"census-business-dynamics-2023","bridgeHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/economy?industry=finance-insurance&enforcementMetric=cartel-industry-decisions&sectorMetric=median-industry-hhi&year=2021&view=plane","guardrail":"This bridge links reviewed broad industry-category codes for navigation across two separate statistical systems. It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. Positions, ranks, gaps, and co-movement must not be read as market concentration, enforcement responsiveness, competitive harm, deterrence, liability, or causation."},{"industryId":"real-estate","industryName":"Real estate rental and leasing","enforcementYear":2021,"cartelDecisions":7,"dominanceDecisions":1,"cartelSourceIndustryLabel":"Real Estate Rental and Leasing","dominanceSourceIndustryLabel":"Real Estate Rental and Leasing","classificationStatus":"joined","targetSectorCode":"53","targetNaicsCode":"53","targetSectorName":"Real estate and rental and leasing","censusSectorAvailable":true,"concentrationYear":2022,"detailedIndustryCount":24,"publishedHhiCount":17,"withheldHhiCount":7,"publishedHhiShare":70.8,"medianIndustryHhi":116.9,"medianIndustryCr4":29.4,"topDecileIndustryCount":2,"topDecileIndustryShare":11.8,"historyFromYear":2017,"historyToYear":2022,"historyPairedCount":16,"historyCoveragePercent":66.7,"medianHhiChange":2.3,"hhiIncreaseShare":56.3,"dynamismYear":2023,"firms":292635,"establishments":396881,"employment":2403647,"establishmentEntryRate":12.647,"establishmentExitRate":11.301,"jobCreationRate":17.635,"jobDestructionRate":13.864,"netJobCreationRate":3.771,"reallocationRate":27.729,"enforcementProfileHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/real-estate","sectorObservatoryHref":"/economy/sectors?sector=53","sectorProfileHref":"/industries/53","enforcementSourceId":"oecd-competition-trends-2025","concentrationSourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","historySourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","dynamismSourceId":"census-business-dynamics-2023","bridgeHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/economy?industry=real-estate&enforcementMetric=cartel-industry-decisions&sectorMetric=median-industry-hhi&year=2021&view=plane","guardrail":"This bridge links reviewed broad industry-category codes for navigation across two separate statistical systems. It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. Positions, ranks, gaps, and co-movement must not be read as market concentration, enforcement responsiveness, competitive harm, deterrence, liability, or causation."},{"industryId":"professional-services","industryName":"Professional, scientific, and technical services","enforcementYear":2021,"cartelDecisions":22,"dominanceDecisions":5,"cartelSourceIndustryLabel":"Professional, Scientific and Technical Services","dominanceSourceIndustryLabel":"Professional, Scientific and Technical Services","classificationStatus":"joined","targetSectorCode":"54","targetNaicsCode":"54","targetSectorName":"Professional, scientific, and technical services","censusSectorAvailable":true,"concentrationYear":2022,"detailedIndustryCount":48,"publishedHhiCount":39,"withheldHhiCount":9,"publishedHhiShare":81.3,"medianIndustryHhi":94.9,"medianIndustryCr4":17.8,"topDecileIndustryCount":0,"topDecileIndustryShare":0,"historyFromYear":2017,"historyToYear":2022,"historyPairedCount":32,"historyCoveragePercent":69.6,"medianHhiChange":0.1,"hhiIncreaseShare":50,"dynamismYear":2023,"firms":735652,"establishments":838248,"employment":10364674,"establishmentEntryRate":12.473,"establishmentExitRate":11.031,"jobCreationRate":15.072,"jobDestructionRate":12.633,"netJobCreationRate":2.438,"reallocationRate":25.267,"enforcementProfileHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/professional-services","sectorObservatoryHref":"/economy/sectors?sector=54","sectorProfileHref":"/industries/54","enforcementSourceId":"oecd-competition-trends-2025","concentrationSourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","historySourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","dynamismSourceId":"census-business-dynamics-2023","bridgeHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/economy?industry=professional-services&enforcementMetric=cartel-industry-decisions&sectorMetric=median-industry-hhi&year=2021&view=plane","guardrail":"This bridge links reviewed broad industry-category codes for navigation across two separate statistical systems. It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. Positions, ranks, gaps, and co-movement must not be read as market concentration, enforcement responsiveness, competitive harm, deterrence, liability, or causation."},{"industryId":"company-management","industryName":"Management of companies and enterprises","enforcementYear":2021,"cartelDecisions":1,"dominanceDecisions":1,"cartelSourceIndustryLabel":"Management of Companies and Enterprises","dominanceSourceIndustryLabel":"Management of Companies and Enterprises","classificationStatus":"census-gap","targetSectorCode":"55","targetNaicsCode":"55","targetSectorName":"Management of companies and enterprises","censusSectorAvailable":false,"concentrationYear":null,"detailedIndustryCount":null,"publishedHhiCount":null,"withheldHhiCount":null,"publishedHhiShare":null,"medianIndustryHhi":null,"medianIndustryCr4":null,"topDecileIndustryCount":null,"topDecileIndustryShare":null,"historyFromYear":null,"historyToYear":null,"historyPairedCount":null,"historyCoveragePercent":null,"medianHhiChange":null,"hhiIncreaseShare":null,"dynamismYear":null,"firms":null,"establishments":null,"employment":null,"establishmentEntryRate":null,"establishmentExitRate":null,"jobCreationRate":null,"jobDestructionRate":null,"netJobCreationRate":null,"reallocationRate":null,"enforcementProfileHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/company-management","sectorObservatoryHref":null,"sectorProfileHref":null,"enforcementSourceId":"oecd-competition-trends-2025","concentrationSourceId":null,"historySourceId":null,"dynamismSourceId":null,"bridgeHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/economy?industry=company-management&enforcementMetric=cartel-industry-decisions&sectorMetric=median-industry-hhi&year=2021&view=plane","guardrail":"This bridge links reviewed broad industry-category codes for navigation across two separate statistical systems. It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. Positions, ranks, gaps, and co-movement must not be read as market concentration, enforcement responsiveness, competitive harm, deterrence, liability, or causation."},{"industryId":"administrative-support","industryName":"Administrative, support, waste management, and remediation services","enforcementYear":2021,"cartelDecisions":16,"dominanceDecisions":3,"cartelSourceIndustryLabel":"Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services","dominanceSourceIndustryLabel":"Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services","classificationStatus":"joined","targetSectorCode":"56","targetNaicsCode":"56","targetSectorName":"Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services","censusSectorAvailable":true,"concentrationYear":2022,"detailedIndustryCount":44,"publishedHhiCount":30,"withheldHhiCount":14,"publishedHhiShare":68.2,"medianIndustryHhi":182,"medianIndustryCr4":23.5,"topDecileIndustryCount":2,"topDecileIndustryShare":6.7,"historyFromYear":2017,"historyToYear":2022,"historyPairedCount":26,"historyCoveragePercent":60.5,"medianHhiChange":10.7,"hhiIncreaseShare":61.5,"dynamismYear":2023,"firms":318217,"establishments":390472,"employment":11933228,"establishmentEntryRate":12.905,"establishmentExitRate":11.833,"jobCreationRate":13.743,"jobDestructionRate":14.829,"netJobCreationRate":-1.087,"reallocationRate":27.485,"enforcementProfileHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/administrative-support","sectorObservatoryHref":"/economy/sectors?sector=56","sectorProfileHref":"/industries/56","enforcementSourceId":"oecd-competition-trends-2025","concentrationSourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","historySourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","dynamismSourceId":"census-business-dynamics-2023","bridgeHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/economy?industry=administrative-support&enforcementMetric=cartel-industry-decisions&sectorMetric=median-industry-hhi&year=2021&view=plane","guardrail":"This bridge links reviewed broad industry-category codes for navigation across two separate statistical systems. It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. Positions, ranks, gaps, and co-movement must not be read as market concentration, enforcement responsiveness, competitive harm, deterrence, liability, or causation."},{"industryId":"education","industryName":"Educational services","enforcementYear":2021,"cartelDecisions":6,"dominanceDecisions":0,"cartelSourceIndustryLabel":"Educational Services","dominanceSourceIndustryLabel":"Educational Services","classificationStatus":"joined","targetSectorCode":"61","targetNaicsCode":"61","targetSectorName":"Educational services","censusSectorAvailable":true,"concentrationYear":2022,"detailedIndustryCount":14,"publishedHhiCount":12,"withheldHhiCount":2,"publishedHhiShare":85.7,"medianIndustryHhi":75.6,"medianIndustryCr4":15,"topDecileIndustryCount":0,"topDecileIndustryShare":0,"historyFromYear":2017,"historyToYear":2022,"historyPairedCount":10,"historyCoveragePercent":71.4,"medianHhiChange":-1.8,"hhiIncreaseShare":40,"dynamismYear":2023,"firms":93509,"establishments":105104,"employment":3782935,"establishmentEntryRate":11.167,"establishmentExitRate":8.441,"jobCreationRate":10.585,"jobDestructionRate":6.259,"netJobCreationRate":4.326,"reallocationRate":12.518,"enforcementProfileHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/education","sectorObservatoryHref":"/economy/sectors?sector=61","sectorProfileHref":"/industries/61","enforcementSourceId":"oecd-competition-trends-2025","concentrationSourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","historySourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","dynamismSourceId":"census-business-dynamics-2023","bridgeHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/economy?industry=education&enforcementMetric=cartel-industry-decisions&sectorMetric=median-industry-hhi&year=2021&view=plane","guardrail":"This bridge links reviewed broad industry-category codes for navigation across two separate statistical systems. It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. Positions, ranks, gaps, and co-movement must not be read as market concentration, enforcement responsiveness, competitive harm, deterrence, liability, or causation."},{"industryId":"health-care","industryName":"Health care and social assistance","enforcementYear":2021,"cartelDecisions":13,"dominanceDecisions":5,"cartelSourceIndustryLabel":"Health Care and Social Assistance","dominanceSourceIndustryLabel":"Health Care and Social Assistance","classificationStatus":"joined","targetSectorCode":"62","targetNaicsCode":"62","targetSectorName":"Health care and social assistance","censusSectorAvailable":true,"concentrationYear":2022,"detailedIndustryCount":39,"publishedHhiCount":30,"withheldHhiCount":9,"publishedHhiShare":76.9,"medianIndustryHhi":35.8,"medianIndustryCr4":8.4,"topDecileIndustryCount":1,"topDecileIndustryShare":3.3,"historyFromYear":2017,"historyToYear":2022,"historyPairedCount":26,"historyCoveragePercent":68.4,"medianHhiChange":1.4,"hhiIncreaseShare":53.8,"dynamismYear":2023,"firms":631402,"establishments":925453,"employment":21997571,"establishmentEntryRate":10.783,"establishmentExitRate":7.708,"jobCreationRate":13.539,"jobDestructionRate":9.45,"netJobCreationRate":4.089,"reallocationRate":18.899,"enforcementProfileHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/health-care","sectorObservatoryHref":"/economy/sectors?sector=62","sectorProfileHref":"/industries/62","enforcementSourceId":"oecd-competition-trends-2025","concentrationSourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","historySourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","dynamismSourceId":"census-business-dynamics-2023","bridgeHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/economy?industry=health-care&enforcementMetric=cartel-industry-decisions&sectorMetric=median-industry-hhi&year=2021&view=plane","guardrail":"This bridge links reviewed broad industry-category codes for navigation across two separate statistical systems. It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. Positions, ranks, gaps, and co-movement must not be read as market concentration, enforcement responsiveness, competitive harm, deterrence, liability, or causation."},{"industryId":"arts-entertainment","industryName":"Arts, entertainment, and recreation","enforcementYear":2021,"cartelDecisions":3,"dominanceDecisions":1,"cartelSourceIndustryLabel":"Arts, Entertainment and Recreation","dominanceSourceIndustryLabel":"Arts, Entertainment and Recreation","classificationStatus":"joined","targetSectorCode":"71","targetNaicsCode":"71","targetSectorName":"Arts, entertainment, and recreation","censusSectorAvailable":true,"concentrationYear":2022,"detailedIndustryCount":25,"publishedHhiCount":19,"withheldHhiCount":6,"publishedHhiShare":76,"medianIndustryHhi":192.2,"medianIndustryCr4":21.2,"topDecileIndustryCount":2,"topDecileIndustryShare":10.5,"historyFromYear":2017,"historyToYear":2022,"historyPairedCount":14,"historyCoveragePercent":56,"medianHhiChange":-3.3,"hhiIncreaseShare":35.7,"dynamismYear":2023,"firms":118288,"establishments":133247,"employment":2471289,"establishmentEntryRate":13.716,"establishmentExitRate":10.45,"jobCreationRate":18.049,"jobDestructionRate":10.165,"netJobCreationRate":7.884,"reallocationRate":20.33,"enforcementProfileHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/arts-entertainment","sectorObservatoryHref":"/economy/sectors?sector=71","sectorProfileHref":"/industries/71","enforcementSourceId":"oecd-competition-trends-2025","concentrationSourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","historySourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","dynamismSourceId":"census-business-dynamics-2023","bridgeHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/economy?industry=arts-entertainment&enforcementMetric=cartel-industry-decisions&sectorMetric=median-industry-hhi&year=2021&view=plane","guardrail":"This bridge links reviewed broad industry-category codes for navigation across two separate statistical systems. It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. 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It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. 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It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. 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It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. Positions, ranks, gaps, and co-movement must not be read as market concentration, enforcement responsiveness, competitive harm, deterrence, liability, or causation."},{"industryId":"agriculture","industryName":"Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting","enforcementYear":2022,"cartelDecisions":30,"dominanceDecisions":1,"cartelSourceIndustryLabel":"Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting","dominanceSourceIndustryLabel":"Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting","classificationStatus":"census-gap","targetSectorCode":"11","targetNaicsCode":"11","targetSectorName":"Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting","censusSectorAvailable":false,"concentrationYear":null,"detailedIndustryCount":null,"publishedHhiCount":null,"withheldHhiCount":null,"publishedHhiShare":null,"medianIndustryHhi":null,"medianIndustryCr4":null,"topDecileIndustryCount":null,"topDecileIndustryShare":null,"historyFromYear":null,"historyToYear":null,"historyPairedCount":null,"historyCoveragePercent":null,"medianHhiChange":null,"hhiIncreaseShare":null,"dynamismYear":null,"firms":null,"establishments":null,"employment":null,"establishmentEntryRate":null,"establishmentExitRate":null,"jobCreationRate":null,"jobDestructionRate":null,"netJobCreationRate":null,"reallocationRate":null,"enforcementProfileHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/agriculture","sectorObservatoryHref":null,"sectorProfileHref":null,"enforcementSourceId":"oecd-competition-trends-2025","concentrationSourceId":null,"historySourceId":null,"dynamismSourceId":null,"bridgeHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/economy?industry=agriculture&enforcementMetric=cartel-industry-decisions&sectorMetric=median-industry-hhi&year=2022&view=plane","guardrail":"This bridge links reviewed broad industry-category codes for navigation across two separate statistical systems. It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. Positions, ranks, gaps, and co-movement must not be read as market concentration, enforcement responsiveness, competitive harm, deterrence, liability, or causation."},{"industryId":"mining","industryName":"Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction","enforcementYear":2022,"cartelDecisions":3,"dominanceDecisions":0,"cartelSourceIndustryLabel":"Mining, Quarrying and Oil/Gas Extraction","dominanceSourceIndustryLabel":"Mining","classificationStatus":"joined","targetSectorCode":"21","targetNaicsCode":"21","targetSectorName":"Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction","censusSectorAvailable":true,"concentrationYear":2022,"detailedIndustryCount":21,"publishedHhiCount":17,"withheldHhiCount":4,"publishedHhiShare":81,"medianIndustryHhi":559.2,"medianIndustryCr4":43.7,"topDecileIndustryCount":2,"topDecileIndustryShare":11.8,"historyFromYear":2017,"historyToYear":2022,"historyPairedCount":11,"historyCoveragePercent":73.3,"medianHhiChange":10,"hhiIncreaseShare":54.5,"dynamismYear":2023,"firms":15461,"establishments":21382,"employment":568964,"establishmentEntryRate":9.436,"establishmentExitRate":7.685,"jobCreationRate":20.02,"jobDestructionRate":8.774,"netJobCreationRate":11.246,"reallocationRate":17.547,"enforcementProfileHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/mining","sectorObservatoryHref":"/economy/sectors?sector=21","sectorProfileHref":"/industries/21","enforcementSourceId":"oecd-competition-trends-2025","concentrationSourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","historySourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","dynamismSourceId":"census-business-dynamics-2023","bridgeHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/economy?industry=mining&enforcementMetric=cartel-industry-decisions&sectorMetric=median-industry-hhi&year=2022&view=plane","guardrail":"This bridge links reviewed broad industry-category codes for navigation across two separate statistical systems. It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. Positions, ranks, gaps, and co-movement must not be read as market concentration, enforcement responsiveness, competitive harm, deterrence, liability, or causation."},{"industryId":"utilities","industryName":"Utilities","enforcementYear":2022,"cartelDecisions":5,"dominanceDecisions":10,"cartelSourceIndustryLabel":"Utilities","dominanceSourceIndustryLabel":"Utilities","classificationStatus":"joined","targetSectorCode":"22","targetNaicsCode":"22","targetSectorName":"Utilities","censusSectorAvailable":true,"concentrationYear":2022,"detailedIndustryCount":14,"publishedHhiCount":9,"withheldHhiCount":5,"publishedHhiShare":64.3,"medianIndustryHhi":615.9,"medianIndustryCr4":41.6,"topDecileIndustryCount":1,"topDecileIndustryShare":11.1,"historyFromYear":2017,"historyToYear":2022,"historyPairedCount":7,"historyCoveragePercent":50,"medianHhiChange":-23.9,"hhiIncreaseShare":14.3,"dynamismYear":2023,"firms":6243,"establishments":19462,"employment":661624,"establishmentEntryRate":5.266,"establishmentExitRate":5.691,"jobCreationRate":9.098,"jobDestructionRate":6.707,"netJobCreationRate":2.391,"reallocationRate":13.414,"enforcementProfileHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/utilities","sectorObservatoryHref":"/economy/sectors?sector=22","sectorProfileHref":"/industries/22","enforcementSourceId":"oecd-competition-trends-2025","concentrationSourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","historySourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","dynamismSourceId":"census-business-dynamics-2023","bridgeHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/economy?industry=utilities&enforcementMetric=cartel-industry-decisions&sectorMetric=median-industry-hhi&year=2022&view=plane","guardrail":"This bridge links reviewed broad industry-category codes for navigation across two separate statistical systems. It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. Positions, ranks, gaps, and co-movement must not be read as market concentration, enforcement responsiveness, competitive harm, deterrence, liability, or causation."},{"industryId":"construction","industryName":"Construction","enforcementYear":2022,"cartelDecisions":59,"dominanceDecisions":1,"cartelSourceIndustryLabel":"Construction","dominanceSourceIndustryLabel":"Construction","classificationStatus":"joined","targetSectorCode":"23","targetNaicsCode":"23","targetSectorName":"Construction","censusSectorAvailable":true,"concentrationYear":2022,"detailedIndustryCount":31,"publishedHhiCount":26,"withheldHhiCount":5,"publishedHhiShare":83.9,"medianIndustryHhi":19.4,"medianIndustryCr4":6.4,"topDecileIndustryCount":0,"topDecileIndustryShare":0,"historyFromYear":2017,"historyToYear":2022,"historyPairedCount":24,"historyCoveragePercent":77.4,"medianHhiChange":1.6,"hhiIncreaseShare":62.5,"dynamismYear":2023,"firms":684600,"establishments":703433,"employment":7614745,"establishmentEntryRate":13.016,"establishmentExitRate":11.082,"jobCreationRate":16.71,"jobDestructionRate":13.469,"netJobCreationRate":3.24,"reallocationRate":26.939,"enforcementProfileHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/construction","sectorObservatoryHref":"/economy/sectors?sector=23","sectorProfileHref":"/industries/23","enforcementSourceId":"oecd-competition-trends-2025","concentrationSourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","historySourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","dynamismSourceId":"census-business-dynamics-2023","bridgeHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/economy?industry=construction&enforcementMetric=cartel-industry-decisions&sectorMetric=median-industry-hhi&year=2022&view=plane","guardrail":"This bridge links reviewed broad industry-category codes for navigation across two separate statistical systems. It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. Positions, ranks, gaps, and co-movement must not be read as market concentration, enforcement responsiveness, competitive harm, deterrence, liability, or causation."},{"industryId":"manufacturing","industryName":"Manufacturing","enforcementYear":2022,"cartelDecisions":94,"dominanceDecisions":16,"cartelSourceIndustryLabel":"Manufacturing","dominanceSourceIndustryLabel":"Manufacturing","classificationStatus":"joined","targetSectorCode":"31","targetNaicsCode":"31-33","targetSectorName":"Manufacturing","censusSectorAvailable":true,"concentrationYear":2022,"detailedIndustryCount":346,"publishedHhiCount":271,"withheldHhiCount":75,"publishedHhiShare":78.3,"medianIndustryHhi":439.3,"medianIndustryCr4":38.5,"topDecileIndustryCount":37,"topDecileIndustryShare":13.7,"historyFromYear":2017,"historyToYear":2022,"historyPairedCount":238,"historyCoveragePercent":72.8,"medianHhiChange":12.4,"hhiIncreaseShare":59.2,"dynamismYear":2023,"firms":220696,"establishments":268269,"employment":12293106,"establishmentEntryRate":6.87,"establishmentExitRate":6.997,"jobCreationRate":9.548,"jobDestructionRate":8.283,"netJobCreationRate":1.265,"reallocationRate":16.565,"enforcementProfileHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/manufacturing","sectorObservatoryHref":"/economy/sectors?sector=31","sectorProfileHref":"/industries/31-33","enforcementSourceId":"oecd-competition-trends-2025","concentrationSourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","historySourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","dynamismSourceId":"census-business-dynamics-2023","bridgeHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/economy?industry=manufacturing&enforcementMetric=cartel-industry-decisions&sectorMetric=median-industry-hhi&year=2022&view=plane","guardrail":"This bridge links reviewed broad industry-category codes for navigation across two separate statistical systems. It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. Positions, ranks, gaps, and co-movement must not be read as market concentration, enforcement responsiveness, competitive harm, deterrence, liability, or causation."},{"industryId":"wholesale-trade","industryName":"Wholesale trade","enforcementYear":2022,"cartelDecisions":35,"dominanceDecisions":3,"cartelSourceIndustryLabel":"Wholesale Trade","dominanceSourceIndustryLabel":"Wholesale Trade","classificationStatus":"joined","targetSectorCode":"42","targetNaicsCode":"42","targetSectorName":"Wholesale trade","censusSectorAvailable":true,"concentrationYear":2022,"detailedIndustryCount":69,"publishedHhiCount":55,"withheldHhiCount":14,"publishedHhiShare":79.7,"medianIndustryHhi":360.8,"medianIndustryCr4":29.9,"topDecileIndustryCount":1,"topDecileIndustryShare":1.8,"historyFromYear":2017,"historyToYear":2022,"historyPairedCount":44,"historyCoveragePercent":65.7,"medianHhiChange":17.5,"hhiIncreaseShare":68.2,"dynamismYear":2023,"firms":246895,"establishments":355002,"employment":6222521,"establishmentEntryRate":6.719,"establishmentExitRate":8.243,"jobCreationRate":11.997,"jobDestructionRate":9.96,"netJobCreationRate":2.037,"reallocationRate":19.919,"enforcementProfileHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/wholesale-trade","sectorObservatoryHref":"/economy/sectors?sector=42","sectorProfileHref":"/industries/42","enforcementSourceId":"oecd-competition-trends-2025","concentrationSourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","historySourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","dynamismSourceId":"census-business-dynamics-2023","bridgeHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/economy?industry=wholesale-trade&enforcementMetric=cartel-industry-decisions&sectorMetric=median-industry-hhi&year=2022&view=plane","guardrail":"This bridge links reviewed broad industry-category codes for navigation across two separate statistical systems. It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. Positions, ranks, gaps, and co-movement must not be read as market concentration, enforcement responsiveness, competitive harm, deterrence, liability, or causation."},{"industryId":"retail-trade","industryName":"Retail trade","enforcementYear":2022,"cartelDecisions":34,"dominanceDecisions":9,"cartelSourceIndustryLabel":"Retail Trade","dominanceSourceIndustryLabel":"Retail Trade","classificationStatus":"joined","targetSectorCode":"44","targetNaicsCode":"44-45","targetSectorName":"Retail trade","censusSectorAvailable":true,"concentrationYear":2022,"detailedIndustryCount":57,"publishedHhiCount":31,"withheldHhiCount":26,"publishedHhiShare":54.4,"medianIndustryHhi":133.9,"medianIndustryCr4":32.8,"topDecileIndustryCount":3,"topDecileIndustryShare":9.7,"historyFromYear":2017,"historyToYear":2022,"historyPairedCount":1,"historyCoveragePercent":20,"medianHhiChange":11.4,"hhiIncreaseShare":100,"dynamismYear":2023,"firms":579638,"establishments":980272,"employment":16068436,"establishmentEntryRate":7.924,"establishmentExitRate":7.132,"jobCreationRate":9.257,"jobDestructionRate":8.932,"netJobCreationRate":0.326,"reallocationRate":17.863,"enforcementProfileHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/retail-trade","sectorObservatoryHref":"/economy/sectors?sector=44","sectorProfileHref":"/industries/44-45","enforcementSourceId":"oecd-competition-trends-2025","concentrationSourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","historySourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","dynamismSourceId":"census-business-dynamics-2023","bridgeHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/economy?industry=retail-trade&enforcementMetric=cartel-industry-decisions&sectorMetric=median-industry-hhi&year=2022&view=plane","guardrail":"This bridge links reviewed broad industry-category codes for navigation across two separate statistical systems. It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. Positions, ranks, gaps, and co-movement must not be read as market concentration, enforcement responsiveness, competitive harm, deterrence, liability, or causation."},{"industryId":"transportation-warehousing","industryName":"Transportation and warehousing","enforcementYear":2022,"cartelDecisions":30,"dominanceDecisions":20,"cartelSourceIndustryLabel":"Transportation and Warehousing","dominanceSourceIndustryLabel":"Transportation and Warehousing","classificationStatus":"joined","targetSectorCode":"48","targetNaicsCode":"48-49","targetSectorName":"Transportation and warehousing","censusSectorAvailable":true,"concentrationYear":2022,"detailedIndustryCount":54,"publishedHhiCount":38,"withheldHhiCount":16,"publishedHhiShare":70.4,"medianIndustryHhi":277.4,"medianIndustryCr4":40,"topDecileIndustryCount":4,"topDecileIndustryShare":10.5,"historyFromYear":2017,"historyToYear":2022,"historyPairedCount":35,"historyCoveragePercent":66,"medianHhiChange":-0.8,"hhiIncreaseShare":42.9,"dynamismYear":2023,"firms":198284,"establishments":254427,"employment":6450641,"establishmentEntryRate":14.851,"establishmentExitRate":14.67,"jobCreationRate":13.617,"jobDestructionRate":11.596,"netJobCreationRate":2.02,"reallocationRate":23.193,"enforcementProfileHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/transportation-warehousing","sectorObservatoryHref":"/economy/sectors?sector=48","sectorProfileHref":"/industries/48-49","enforcementSourceId":"oecd-competition-trends-2025","concentrationSourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","historySourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","dynamismSourceId":"census-business-dynamics-2023","bridgeHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/economy?industry=transportation-warehousing&enforcementMetric=cartel-industry-decisions&sectorMetric=median-industry-hhi&year=2022&view=plane","guardrail":"This bridge links reviewed broad industry-category codes for navigation across two separate statistical systems. It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. Positions, ranks, gaps, and co-movement must not be read as market concentration, enforcement responsiveness, competitive harm, deterrence, liability, or causation."},{"industryId":"information","industryName":"Information","enforcementYear":2022,"cartelDecisions":16,"dominanceDecisions":12,"cartelSourceIndustryLabel":"Information","dominanceSourceIndustryLabel":"Information","classificationStatus":"joined","targetSectorCode":"51","targetNaicsCode":"51","targetSectorName":"Information","censusSectorAvailable":true,"concentrationYear":2022,"detailedIndustryCount":29,"publishedHhiCount":17,"withheldHhiCount":12,"publishedHhiShare":58.6,"medianIndustryHhi":638.2,"medianIndustryCr4":45.6,"topDecileIndustryCount":4,"topDecileIndustryShare":23.5,"historyFromYear":2017,"historyToYear":2022,"historyPairedCount":6,"historyCoveragePercent":54.5,"medianHhiChange":56.4,"hhiIncreaseShare":50,"dynamismYear":2023,"firms":73823,"establishments":141691,"employment":3539955,"establishmentEntryRate":10.578,"establishmentExitRate":11.499,"jobCreationRate":12.429,"jobDestructionRate":12.678,"netJobCreationRate":-0.248,"reallocationRate":24.859,"enforcementProfileHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/information","sectorObservatoryHref":"/economy/sectors?sector=51","sectorProfileHref":"/industries/51","enforcementSourceId":"oecd-competition-trends-2025","concentrationSourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","historySourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","dynamismSourceId":"census-business-dynamics-2023","bridgeHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/economy?industry=information&enforcementMetric=cartel-industry-decisions&sectorMetric=median-industry-hhi&year=2022&view=plane","guardrail":"This bridge links reviewed broad industry-category codes for navigation across two separate statistical systems. It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. Positions, ranks, gaps, and co-movement must not be read as market concentration, enforcement responsiveness, competitive harm, deterrence, liability, or causation."},{"industryId":"finance-insurance","industryName":"Finance and insurance","enforcementYear":2022,"cartelDecisions":18,"dominanceDecisions":4,"cartelSourceIndustryLabel":"Finance and Insurance","dominanceSourceIndustryLabel":"Finance and Insurance","classificationStatus":"joined","targetSectorCode":"52","targetNaicsCode":"52","targetSectorName":"Finance and insurance","censusSectorAvailable":true,"concentrationYear":2022,"detailedIndustryCount":29,"publishedHhiCount":27,"withheldHhiCount":2,"publishedHhiShare":93.1,"medianIndustryHhi":405.8,"medianIndustryCr4":31,"topDecileIndustryCount":8,"topDecileIndustryShare":29.6,"historyFromYear":2017,"historyToYear":2022,"historyPairedCount":21,"historyCoveragePercent":91.3,"medianHhiChange":-4.1,"hhiIncreaseShare":47.6,"dynamismYear":2023,"firms":214433,"establishments":438240,"employment":6912028,"establishmentEntryRate":8.115,"establishmentExitRate":9.608,"jobCreationRate":16.192,"jobDestructionRate":14.344,"netJobCreationRate":1.847,"reallocationRate":28.689,"enforcementProfileHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/finance-insurance","sectorObservatoryHref":"/economy/sectors?sector=52","sectorProfileHref":"/industries/52","enforcementSourceId":"oecd-competition-trends-2025","concentrationSourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","historySourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","dynamismSourceId":"census-business-dynamics-2023","bridgeHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/economy?industry=finance-insurance&enforcementMetric=cartel-industry-decisions&sectorMetric=median-industry-hhi&year=2022&view=plane","guardrail":"This bridge links reviewed broad industry-category codes for navigation across two separate statistical systems. It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. Positions, ranks, gaps, and co-movement must not be read as market concentration, enforcement responsiveness, competitive harm, deterrence, liability, or causation."},{"industryId":"real-estate","industryName":"Real estate rental and leasing","enforcementYear":2022,"cartelDecisions":8,"dominanceDecisions":0,"cartelSourceIndustryLabel":"Real Estate Rental and Leasing","dominanceSourceIndustryLabel":"Real Estate Rental and Leasing","classificationStatus":"joined","targetSectorCode":"53","targetNaicsCode":"53","targetSectorName":"Real estate and rental and leasing","censusSectorAvailable":true,"concentrationYear":2022,"detailedIndustryCount":24,"publishedHhiCount":17,"withheldHhiCount":7,"publishedHhiShare":70.8,"medianIndustryHhi":116.9,"medianIndustryCr4":29.4,"topDecileIndustryCount":2,"topDecileIndustryShare":11.8,"historyFromYear":2017,"historyToYear":2022,"historyPairedCount":16,"historyCoveragePercent":66.7,"medianHhiChange":2.3,"hhiIncreaseShare":56.3,"dynamismYear":2023,"firms":292635,"establishments":396881,"employment":2403647,"establishmentEntryRate":12.647,"establishmentExitRate":11.301,"jobCreationRate":17.635,"jobDestructionRate":13.864,"netJobCreationRate":3.771,"reallocationRate":27.729,"enforcementProfileHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/real-estate","sectorObservatoryHref":"/economy/sectors?sector=53","sectorProfileHref":"/industries/53","enforcementSourceId":"oecd-competition-trends-2025","concentrationSourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","historySourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","dynamismSourceId":"census-business-dynamics-2023","bridgeHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/economy?industry=real-estate&enforcementMetric=cartel-industry-decisions&sectorMetric=median-industry-hhi&year=2022&view=plane","guardrail":"This bridge links reviewed broad industry-category codes for navigation across two separate statistical systems. It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. Positions, ranks, gaps, and co-movement must not be read as market concentration, enforcement responsiveness, competitive harm, deterrence, liability, or causation."},{"industryId":"professional-services","industryName":"Professional, scientific, and technical services","enforcementYear":2022,"cartelDecisions":16,"dominanceDecisions":4,"cartelSourceIndustryLabel":"Professional, Scientific and Technical Services","dominanceSourceIndustryLabel":"Professional, Scientific and Technical Services","classificationStatus":"joined","targetSectorCode":"54","targetNaicsCode":"54","targetSectorName":"Professional, scientific, and technical services","censusSectorAvailable":true,"concentrationYear":2022,"detailedIndustryCount":48,"publishedHhiCount":39,"withheldHhiCount":9,"publishedHhiShare":81.3,"medianIndustryHhi":94.9,"medianIndustryCr4":17.8,"topDecileIndustryCount":0,"topDecileIndustryShare":0,"historyFromYear":2017,"historyToYear":2022,"historyPairedCount":32,"historyCoveragePercent":69.6,"medianHhiChange":0.1,"hhiIncreaseShare":50,"dynamismYear":2023,"firms":735652,"establishments":838248,"employment":10364674,"establishmentEntryRate":12.473,"establishmentExitRate":11.031,"jobCreationRate":15.072,"jobDestructionRate":12.633,"netJobCreationRate":2.438,"reallocationRate":25.267,"enforcementProfileHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/professional-services","sectorObservatoryHref":"/economy/sectors?sector=54","sectorProfileHref":"/industries/54","enforcementSourceId":"oecd-competition-trends-2025","concentrationSourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","historySourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","dynamismSourceId":"census-business-dynamics-2023","bridgeHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/economy?industry=professional-services&enforcementMetric=cartel-industry-decisions&sectorMetric=median-industry-hhi&year=2022&view=plane","guardrail":"This bridge links reviewed broad industry-category codes for navigation across two separate statistical systems. It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. Positions, ranks, gaps, and co-movement must not be read as market concentration, enforcement responsiveness, competitive harm, deterrence, liability, or causation."},{"industryId":"company-management","industryName":"Management of companies and enterprises","enforcementYear":2022,"cartelDecisions":1,"dominanceDecisions":0,"cartelSourceIndustryLabel":"Management of Companies and Enterprises","dominanceSourceIndustryLabel":"Management of Companies and Enterprises","classificationStatus":"census-gap","targetSectorCode":"55","targetNaicsCode":"55","targetSectorName":"Management of companies and enterprises","censusSectorAvailable":false,"concentrationYear":null,"detailedIndustryCount":null,"publishedHhiCount":null,"withheldHhiCount":null,"publishedHhiShare":null,"medianIndustryHhi":null,"medianIndustryCr4":null,"topDecileIndustryCount":null,"topDecileIndustryShare":null,"historyFromYear":null,"historyToYear":null,"historyPairedCount":null,"historyCoveragePercent":null,"medianHhiChange":null,"hhiIncreaseShare":null,"dynamismYear":null,"firms":null,"establishments":null,"employment":null,"establishmentEntryRate":null,"establishmentExitRate":null,"jobCreationRate":null,"jobDestructionRate":null,"netJobCreationRate":null,"reallocationRate":null,"enforcementProfileHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/company-management","sectorObservatoryHref":null,"sectorProfileHref":null,"enforcementSourceId":"oecd-competition-trends-2025","concentrationSourceId":null,"historySourceId":null,"dynamismSourceId":null,"bridgeHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/economy?industry=company-management&enforcementMetric=cartel-industry-decisions&sectorMetric=median-industry-hhi&year=2022&view=plane","guardrail":"This bridge links reviewed broad industry-category codes for navigation across two separate statistical systems. It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. Positions, ranks, gaps, and co-movement must not be read as market concentration, enforcement responsiveness, competitive harm, deterrence, liability, or causation."},{"industryId":"administrative-support","industryName":"Administrative, support, waste management, and remediation services","enforcementYear":2022,"cartelDecisions":16,"dominanceDecisions":3,"cartelSourceIndustryLabel":"Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services","dominanceSourceIndustryLabel":"Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services","classificationStatus":"joined","targetSectorCode":"56","targetNaicsCode":"56","targetSectorName":"Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services","censusSectorAvailable":true,"concentrationYear":2022,"detailedIndustryCount":44,"publishedHhiCount":30,"withheldHhiCount":14,"publishedHhiShare":68.2,"medianIndustryHhi":182,"medianIndustryCr4":23.5,"topDecileIndustryCount":2,"topDecileIndustryShare":6.7,"historyFromYear":2017,"historyToYear":2022,"historyPairedCount":26,"historyCoveragePercent":60.5,"medianHhiChange":10.7,"hhiIncreaseShare":61.5,"dynamismYear":2023,"firms":318217,"establishments":390472,"employment":11933228,"establishmentEntryRate":12.905,"establishmentExitRate":11.833,"jobCreationRate":13.743,"jobDestructionRate":14.829,"netJobCreationRate":-1.087,"reallocationRate":27.485,"enforcementProfileHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/administrative-support","sectorObservatoryHref":"/economy/sectors?sector=56","sectorProfileHref":"/industries/56","enforcementSourceId":"oecd-competition-trends-2025","concentrationSourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","historySourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","dynamismSourceId":"census-business-dynamics-2023","bridgeHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/economy?industry=administrative-support&enforcementMetric=cartel-industry-decisions&sectorMetric=median-industry-hhi&year=2022&view=plane","guardrail":"This bridge links reviewed broad industry-category codes for navigation across two separate statistical systems. It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. Positions, ranks, gaps, and co-movement must not be read as market concentration, enforcement responsiveness, competitive harm, deterrence, liability, or causation."},{"industryId":"education","industryName":"Educational services","enforcementYear":2022,"cartelDecisions":3,"dominanceDecisions":0,"cartelSourceIndustryLabel":"Educational Services","dominanceSourceIndustryLabel":"Educational Services","classificationStatus":"joined","targetSectorCode":"61","targetNaicsCode":"61","targetSectorName":"Educational services","censusSectorAvailable":true,"concentrationYear":2022,"detailedIndustryCount":14,"publishedHhiCount":12,"withheldHhiCount":2,"publishedHhiShare":85.7,"medianIndustryHhi":75.6,"medianIndustryCr4":15,"topDecileIndustryCount":0,"topDecileIndustryShare":0,"historyFromYear":2017,"historyToYear":2022,"historyPairedCount":10,"historyCoveragePercent":71.4,"medianHhiChange":-1.8,"hhiIncreaseShare":40,"dynamismYear":2023,"firms":93509,"establishments":105104,"employment":3782935,"establishmentEntryRate":11.167,"establishmentExitRate":8.441,"jobCreationRate":10.585,"jobDestructionRate":6.259,"netJobCreationRate":4.326,"reallocationRate":12.518,"enforcementProfileHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/education","sectorObservatoryHref":"/economy/sectors?sector=61","sectorProfileHref":"/industries/61","enforcementSourceId":"oecd-competition-trends-2025","concentrationSourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","historySourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","dynamismSourceId":"census-business-dynamics-2023","bridgeHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/economy?industry=education&enforcementMetric=cartel-industry-decisions&sectorMetric=median-industry-hhi&year=2022&view=plane","guardrail":"This bridge links reviewed broad industry-category codes for navigation across two separate statistical systems. It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. Positions, ranks, gaps, and co-movement must not be read as market concentration, enforcement responsiveness, competitive harm, deterrence, liability, or causation."},{"industryId":"health-care","industryName":"Health care and social assistance","enforcementYear":2022,"cartelDecisions":14,"dominanceDecisions":3,"cartelSourceIndustryLabel":"Health Care and Social Assistance","dominanceSourceIndustryLabel":"Health Care and Social Assistance","classificationStatus":"joined","targetSectorCode":"62","targetNaicsCode":"62","targetSectorName":"Health care and social assistance","censusSectorAvailable":true,"concentrationYear":2022,"detailedIndustryCount":39,"publishedHhiCount":30,"withheldHhiCount":9,"publishedHhiShare":76.9,"medianIndustryHhi":35.8,"medianIndustryCr4":8.4,"topDecileIndustryCount":1,"topDecileIndustryShare":3.3,"historyFromYear":2017,"historyToYear":2022,"historyPairedCount":26,"historyCoveragePercent":68.4,"medianHhiChange":1.4,"hhiIncreaseShare":53.8,"dynamismYear":2023,"firms":631402,"establishments":925453,"employment":21997571,"establishmentEntryRate":10.783,"establishmentExitRate":7.708,"jobCreationRate":13.539,"jobDestructionRate":9.45,"netJobCreationRate":4.089,"reallocationRate":18.899,"enforcementProfileHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/health-care","sectorObservatoryHref":"/economy/sectors?sector=62","sectorProfileHref":"/industries/62","enforcementSourceId":"oecd-competition-trends-2025","concentrationSourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","historySourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","dynamismSourceId":"census-business-dynamics-2023","bridgeHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/economy?industry=health-care&enforcementMetric=cartel-industry-decisions&sectorMetric=median-industry-hhi&year=2022&view=plane","guardrail":"This bridge links reviewed broad industry-category codes for navigation across two separate statistical systems. It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. Positions, ranks, gaps, and co-movement must not be read as market concentration, enforcement responsiveness, competitive harm, deterrence, liability, or causation."},{"industryId":"arts-entertainment","industryName":"Arts, entertainment, and recreation","enforcementYear":2022,"cartelDecisions":9,"dominanceDecisions":4,"cartelSourceIndustryLabel":"Arts, Entertainment and Recreation","dominanceSourceIndustryLabel":"Arts, Entertainment and Recreation","classificationStatus":"joined","targetSectorCode":"71","targetNaicsCode":"71","targetSectorName":"Arts, entertainment, and recreation","censusSectorAvailable":true,"concentrationYear":2022,"detailedIndustryCount":25,"publishedHhiCount":19,"withheldHhiCount":6,"publishedHhiShare":76,"medianIndustryHhi":192.2,"medianIndustryCr4":21.2,"topDecileIndustryCount":2,"topDecileIndustryShare":10.5,"historyFromYear":2017,"historyToYear":2022,"historyPairedCount":14,"historyCoveragePercent":56,"medianHhiChange":-3.3,"hhiIncreaseShare":35.7,"dynamismYear":2023,"firms":118288,"establishments":133247,"employment":2471289,"establishmentEntryRate":13.716,"establishmentExitRate":10.45,"jobCreationRate":18.049,"jobDestructionRate":10.165,"netJobCreationRate":7.884,"reallocationRate":20.33,"enforcementProfileHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/arts-entertainment","sectorObservatoryHref":"/economy/sectors?sector=71","sectorProfileHref":"/industries/71","enforcementSourceId":"oecd-competition-trends-2025","concentrationSourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","historySourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","dynamismSourceId":"census-business-dynamics-2023","bridgeHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/economy?industry=arts-entertainment&enforcementMetric=cartel-industry-decisions&sectorMetric=median-industry-hhi&year=2022&view=plane","guardrail":"This bridge links reviewed broad industry-category codes for navigation across two separate statistical systems. It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. Positions, ranks, gaps, and co-movement must not be read as market concentration, enforcement responsiveness, competitive harm, deterrence, liability, or causation."},{"industryId":"accommodation-food","industryName":"Accommodation and food services","enforcementYear":2022,"cartelDecisions":5,"dominanceDecisions":3,"cartelSourceIndustryLabel":"Accomodation and food services","dominanceSourceIndustryLabel":"Accomodation and food services","classificationStatus":"joined","targetSectorCode":"72","targetNaicsCode":"72","targetSectorName":"Accommodation and food services","censusSectorAvailable":true,"concentrationYear":2022,"detailedIndustryCount":15,"publishedHhiCount":11,"withheldHhiCount":4,"publishedHhiShare":73.3,"medianIndustryHhi":15,"medianIndustryCr4":8,"topDecileIndustryCount":1,"topDecileIndustryShare":9.1,"historyFromYear":2017,"historyToYear":2022,"historyPairedCount":10,"historyCoveragePercent":66.7,"medianHhiChange":-1.3,"hhiIncreaseShare":40,"dynamismYear":2023,"firms":515539,"establishments":714803,"employment":14565278,"establishmentEntryRate":11.04,"establishmentExitRate":9.081,"jobCreationRate":17.536,"jobDestructionRate":11.949,"netJobCreationRate":5.586,"reallocationRate":23.899,"enforcementProfileHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/accommodation-food","sectorObservatoryHref":"/economy/sectors?sector=72","sectorProfileHref":"/industries/72","enforcementSourceId":"oecd-competition-trends-2025","concentrationSourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","historySourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","dynamismSourceId":"census-business-dynamics-2023","bridgeHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/economy?industry=accommodation-food&enforcementMetric=cartel-industry-decisions&sectorMetric=median-industry-hhi&year=2022&view=plane","guardrail":"This bridge links reviewed broad industry-category codes for navigation across two separate statistical systems. It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. Positions, ranks, gaps, and co-movement must not be read as market concentration, enforcement responsiveness, competitive harm, deterrence, liability, or causation."},{"industryId":"other-services","industryName":"Other services except public administration","enforcementYear":2022,"cartelDecisions":25,"dominanceDecisions":4,"cartelSourceIndustryLabel":"Other Services (except Public Administration)","dominanceSourceIndustryLabel":"Other Services (except Public Administration)","classificationStatus":"joined","targetSectorCode":"81","targetNaicsCode":"81","targetSectorName":"Other services (except public administration)","censusSectorAvailable":true,"concentrationYear":2022,"detailedIndustryCount":40,"publishedHhiCount":30,"withheldHhiCount":10,"publishedHhiShare":75,"medianIndustryHhi":54.3,"medianIndustryCr4":12.8,"topDecileIndustryCount":0,"topDecileIndustryShare":0,"historyFromYear":2017,"historyToYear":2022,"historyPairedCount":22,"historyCoveragePercent":57.9,"medianHhiChange":3.6,"hhiIncreaseShare":72.7,"dynamismYear":2023,"firms":669776,"establishments":742030,"employment":5677219,"establishmentEntryRate":9.993,"establishmentExitRate":8.146,"jobCreationRate":15.133,"jobDestructionRate":11.503,"netJobCreationRate":3.63,"reallocationRate":23.006,"enforcementProfileHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/other-services","sectorObservatoryHref":"/economy/sectors?sector=81","sectorProfileHref":"/industries/81","enforcementSourceId":"oecd-competition-trends-2025","concentrationSourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","historySourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","dynamismSourceId":"census-business-dynamics-2023","bridgeHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/economy?industry=other-services&enforcementMetric=cartel-industry-decisions&sectorMetric=median-industry-hhi&year=2022&view=plane","guardrail":"This bridge links reviewed broad industry-category codes for navigation across two separate statistical systems. It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. Positions, ranks, gaps, and co-movement must not be read as market concentration, enforcement responsiveness, competitive harm, deterrence, liability, or causation."},{"industryId":"public-administration","industryName":"Public administration","enforcementYear":2022,"cartelDecisions":6,"dominanceDecisions":0,"cartelSourceIndustryLabel":"Public Administration","dominanceSourceIndustryLabel":"Public Administration","classificationStatus":"census-gap","targetSectorCode":"92","targetNaicsCode":"92","targetSectorName":"Public administration","censusSectorAvailable":false,"concentrationYear":null,"detailedIndustryCount":null,"publishedHhiCount":null,"withheldHhiCount":null,"publishedHhiShare":null,"medianIndustryHhi":null,"medianIndustryCr4":null,"topDecileIndustryCount":null,"topDecileIndustryShare":null,"historyFromYear":null,"historyToYear":null,"historyPairedCount":null,"historyCoveragePercent":null,"medianHhiChange":null,"hhiIncreaseShare":null,"dynamismYear":null,"firms":null,"establishments":null,"employment":null,"establishmentEntryRate":null,"establishmentExitRate":null,"jobCreationRate":null,"jobDestructionRate":null,"netJobCreationRate":null,"reallocationRate":null,"enforcementProfileHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/public-administration","sectorObservatoryHref":null,"sectorProfileHref":null,"enforcementSourceId":"oecd-competition-trends-2025","concentrationSourceId":null,"historySourceId":null,"dynamismSourceId":null,"bridgeHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/economy?industry=public-administration&enforcementMetric=cartel-industry-decisions&sectorMetric=median-industry-hhi&year=2022&view=plane","guardrail":"This bridge links reviewed broad industry-category codes for navigation across two separate statistical systems. It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. Positions, ranks, gaps, and co-movement must not be read as market concentration, enforcement responsiveness, competitive harm, deterrence, liability, or causation."},{"industryId":"agriculture","industryName":"Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting","enforcementYear":2023,"cartelDecisions":24,"dominanceDecisions":8,"cartelSourceIndustryLabel":"Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting","dominanceSourceIndustryLabel":"Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting","classificationStatus":"census-gap","targetSectorCode":"11","targetNaicsCode":"11","targetSectorName":"Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting","censusSectorAvailable":false,"concentrationYear":null,"detailedIndustryCount":null,"publishedHhiCount":null,"withheldHhiCount":null,"publishedHhiShare":null,"medianIndustryHhi":null,"medianIndustryCr4":null,"topDecileIndustryCount":null,"topDecileIndustryShare":null,"historyFromYear":null,"historyToYear":null,"historyPairedCount":null,"historyCoveragePercent":null,"medianHhiChange":null,"hhiIncreaseShare":null,"dynamismYear":null,"firms":null,"establishments":null,"employment":null,"establishmentEntryRate":null,"establishmentExitRate":null,"jobCreationRate":null,"jobDestructionRate":null,"netJobCreationRate":null,"reallocationRate":null,"enforcementProfileHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/agriculture","sectorObservatoryHref":null,"sectorProfileHref":null,"enforcementSourceId":"oecd-competition-trends-2025","concentrationSourceId":null,"historySourceId":null,"dynamismSourceId":null,"bridgeHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/economy?industry=agriculture&enforcementMetric=cartel-industry-decisions&sectorMetric=median-industry-hhi&year=2023&view=plane","guardrail":"This bridge links reviewed broad industry-category codes for navigation across two separate statistical systems. It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. 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It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. 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It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. 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It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. Positions, ranks, gaps, and co-movement must not be read as market concentration, enforcement responsiveness, competitive harm, deterrence, liability, or causation."},{"industryId":"manufacturing","industryName":"Manufacturing","enforcementYear":2023,"cartelDecisions":78,"dominanceDecisions":6,"cartelSourceIndustryLabel":"Manufacturing","dominanceSourceIndustryLabel":"Manufacturing","classificationStatus":"joined","targetSectorCode":"31","targetNaicsCode":"31-33","targetSectorName":"Manufacturing","censusSectorAvailable":true,"concentrationYear":2022,"detailedIndustryCount":346,"publishedHhiCount":271,"withheldHhiCount":75,"publishedHhiShare":78.3,"medianIndustryHhi":439.3,"medianIndustryCr4":38.5,"topDecileIndustryCount":37,"topDecileIndustryShare":13.7,"historyFromYear":2017,"historyToYear":2022,"historyPairedCount":238,"historyCoveragePercent":72.8,"medianHhiChange":12.4,"hhiIncreaseShare":59.2,"dynamismYear":2023,"firms":220696,"establishments":268269,"employment":12293106,"establishmentEntryRate":6.87,"establishmentExitRate":6.997,"jobCreationRate":9.548,"jobDestructionRate":8.283,"netJobCreationRate":1.265,"reallocationRate":16.565,"enforcementProfileHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/manufacturing","sectorObservatoryHref":"/economy/sectors?sector=31","sectorProfileHref":"/industries/31-33","enforcementSourceId":"oecd-competition-trends-2025","concentrationSourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","historySourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","dynamismSourceId":"census-business-dynamics-2023","bridgeHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/economy?industry=manufacturing&enforcementMetric=cartel-industry-decisions&sectorMetric=median-industry-hhi&year=2023&view=plane","guardrail":"This bridge links reviewed broad industry-category codes for navigation across two separate statistical systems. It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. Positions, ranks, gaps, and co-movement must not be read as market concentration, enforcement responsiveness, competitive harm, deterrence, liability, or causation."},{"industryId":"wholesale-trade","industryName":"Wholesale trade","enforcementYear":2023,"cartelDecisions":42,"dominanceDecisions":0,"cartelSourceIndustryLabel":"Wholesale Trade","dominanceSourceIndustryLabel":"Wholesale Trade","classificationStatus":"joined","targetSectorCode":"42","targetNaicsCode":"42","targetSectorName":"Wholesale trade","censusSectorAvailable":true,"concentrationYear":2022,"detailedIndustryCount":69,"publishedHhiCount":55,"withheldHhiCount":14,"publishedHhiShare":79.7,"medianIndustryHhi":360.8,"medianIndustryCr4":29.9,"topDecileIndustryCount":1,"topDecileIndustryShare":1.8,"historyFromYear":2017,"historyToYear":2022,"historyPairedCount":44,"historyCoveragePercent":65.7,"medianHhiChange":17.5,"hhiIncreaseShare":68.2,"dynamismYear":2023,"firms":246895,"establishments":355002,"employment":6222521,"establishmentEntryRate":6.719,"establishmentExitRate":8.243,"jobCreationRate":11.997,"jobDestructionRate":9.96,"netJobCreationRate":2.037,"reallocationRate":19.919,"enforcementProfileHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/wholesale-trade","sectorObservatoryHref":"/economy/sectors?sector=42","sectorProfileHref":"/industries/42","enforcementSourceId":"oecd-competition-trends-2025","concentrationSourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","historySourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","dynamismSourceId":"census-business-dynamics-2023","bridgeHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/economy?industry=wholesale-trade&enforcementMetric=cartel-industry-decisions&sectorMetric=median-industry-hhi&year=2023&view=plane","guardrail":"This bridge links reviewed broad industry-category codes for navigation across two separate statistical systems. It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. Positions, ranks, gaps, and co-movement must not be read as market concentration, enforcement responsiveness, competitive harm, deterrence, liability, or causation."},{"industryId":"retail-trade","industryName":"Retail trade","enforcementYear":2023,"cartelDecisions":123,"dominanceDecisions":3,"cartelSourceIndustryLabel":"Retail Trade","dominanceSourceIndustryLabel":"Retail Trade","classificationStatus":"joined","targetSectorCode":"44","targetNaicsCode":"44-45","targetSectorName":"Retail trade","censusSectorAvailable":true,"concentrationYear":2022,"detailedIndustryCount":57,"publishedHhiCount":31,"withheldHhiCount":26,"publishedHhiShare":54.4,"medianIndustryHhi":133.9,"medianIndustryCr4":32.8,"topDecileIndustryCount":3,"topDecileIndustryShare":9.7,"historyFromYear":2017,"historyToYear":2022,"historyPairedCount":1,"historyCoveragePercent":20,"medianHhiChange":11.4,"hhiIncreaseShare":100,"dynamismYear":2023,"firms":579638,"establishments":980272,"employment":16068436,"establishmentEntryRate":7.924,"establishmentExitRate":7.132,"jobCreationRate":9.257,"jobDestructionRate":8.932,"netJobCreationRate":0.326,"reallocationRate":17.863,"enforcementProfileHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/retail-trade","sectorObservatoryHref":"/economy/sectors?sector=44","sectorProfileHref":"/industries/44-45","enforcementSourceId":"oecd-competition-trends-2025","concentrationSourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","historySourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","dynamismSourceId":"census-business-dynamics-2023","bridgeHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/economy?industry=retail-trade&enforcementMetric=cartel-industry-decisions&sectorMetric=median-industry-hhi&year=2023&view=plane","guardrail":"This bridge links reviewed broad industry-category codes for navigation across two separate statistical systems. It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. Positions, ranks, gaps, and co-movement must not be read as market concentration, enforcement responsiveness, competitive harm, deterrence, liability, or causation."},{"industryId":"transportation-warehousing","industryName":"Transportation and warehousing","enforcementYear":2023,"cartelDecisions":36,"dominanceDecisions":9,"cartelSourceIndustryLabel":"Transportation and Warehousing","dominanceSourceIndustryLabel":"Transportation and Warehousing","classificationStatus":"joined","targetSectorCode":"48","targetNaicsCode":"48-49","targetSectorName":"Transportation and warehousing","censusSectorAvailable":true,"concentrationYear":2022,"detailedIndustryCount":54,"publishedHhiCount":38,"withheldHhiCount":16,"publishedHhiShare":70.4,"medianIndustryHhi":277.4,"medianIndustryCr4":40,"topDecileIndustryCount":4,"topDecileIndustryShare":10.5,"historyFromYear":2017,"historyToYear":2022,"historyPairedCount":35,"historyCoveragePercent":66,"medianHhiChange":-0.8,"hhiIncreaseShare":42.9,"dynamismYear":2023,"firms":198284,"establishments":254427,"employment":6450641,"establishmentEntryRate":14.851,"establishmentExitRate":14.67,"jobCreationRate":13.617,"jobDestructionRate":11.596,"netJobCreationRate":2.02,"reallocationRate":23.193,"enforcementProfileHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/transportation-warehousing","sectorObservatoryHref":"/economy/sectors?sector=48","sectorProfileHref":"/industries/48-49","enforcementSourceId":"oecd-competition-trends-2025","concentrationSourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","historySourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","dynamismSourceId":"census-business-dynamics-2023","bridgeHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/economy?industry=transportation-warehousing&enforcementMetric=cartel-industry-decisions&sectorMetric=median-industry-hhi&year=2023&view=plane","guardrail":"This bridge links reviewed broad industry-category codes for navigation across two separate statistical systems. It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. Positions, ranks, gaps, and co-movement must not be read as market concentration, enforcement responsiveness, competitive harm, deterrence, liability, or causation."},{"industryId":"information","industryName":"Information","enforcementYear":2023,"cartelDecisions":27,"dominanceDecisions":9,"cartelSourceIndustryLabel":"Information","dominanceSourceIndustryLabel":"Information","classificationStatus":"joined","targetSectorCode":"51","targetNaicsCode":"51","targetSectorName":"Information","censusSectorAvailable":true,"concentrationYear":2022,"detailedIndustryCount":29,"publishedHhiCount":17,"withheldHhiCount":12,"publishedHhiShare":58.6,"medianIndustryHhi":638.2,"medianIndustryCr4":45.6,"topDecileIndustryCount":4,"topDecileIndustryShare":23.5,"historyFromYear":2017,"historyToYear":2022,"historyPairedCount":6,"historyCoveragePercent":54.5,"medianHhiChange":56.4,"hhiIncreaseShare":50,"dynamismYear":2023,"firms":73823,"establishments":141691,"employment":3539955,"establishmentEntryRate":10.578,"establishmentExitRate":11.499,"jobCreationRate":12.429,"jobDestructionRate":12.678,"netJobCreationRate":-0.248,"reallocationRate":24.859,"enforcementProfileHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/information","sectorObservatoryHref":"/economy/sectors?sector=51","sectorProfileHref":"/industries/51","enforcementSourceId":"oecd-competition-trends-2025","concentrationSourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","historySourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","dynamismSourceId":"census-business-dynamics-2023","bridgeHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/economy?industry=information&enforcementMetric=cartel-industry-decisions&sectorMetric=median-industry-hhi&year=2023&view=plane","guardrail":"This bridge links reviewed broad industry-category codes for navigation across two separate statistical systems. It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. 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It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. Positions, ranks, gaps, and co-movement must not be read as market concentration, enforcement responsiveness, competitive harm, deterrence, liability, or causation."},{"industryId":"real-estate","industryName":"Real estate rental and leasing","enforcementYear":2023,"cartelDecisions":13,"dominanceDecisions":1,"cartelSourceIndustryLabel":"Real Estate Rental and Leasing","dominanceSourceIndustryLabel":"Real Estate Rental and Leasing","classificationStatus":"joined","targetSectorCode":"53","targetNaicsCode":"53","targetSectorName":"Real estate and rental and leasing","censusSectorAvailable":true,"concentrationYear":2022,"detailedIndustryCount":24,"publishedHhiCount":17,"withheldHhiCount":7,"publishedHhiShare":70.8,"medianIndustryHhi":116.9,"medianIndustryCr4":29.4,"topDecileIndustryCount":2,"topDecileIndustryShare":11.8,"historyFromYear":2017,"historyToYear":2022,"historyPairedCount":16,"historyCoveragePercent":66.7,"medianHhiChange":2.3,"hhiIncreaseShare":56.3,"dynamismYear":2023,"firms":292635,"establishments":396881,"employment":2403647,"establishmentEntryRate":12.647,"establishmentExitRate":11.301,"jobCreationRate":17.635,"jobDestructionRate":13.864,"netJobCreationRate":3.771,"reallocationRate":27.729,"enforcementProfileHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/real-estate","sectorObservatoryHref":"/economy/sectors?sector=53","sectorProfileHref":"/industries/53","enforcementSourceId":"oecd-competition-trends-2025","concentrationSourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","historySourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","dynamismSourceId":"census-business-dynamics-2023","bridgeHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/economy?industry=real-estate&enforcementMetric=cartel-industry-decisions&sectorMetric=median-industry-hhi&year=2023&view=plane","guardrail":"This bridge links reviewed broad industry-category codes for navigation across two separate statistical systems. It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. 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It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. 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It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. 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It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. 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It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. 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It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. Positions, ranks, gaps, and co-movement must not be read as market concentration, enforcement responsiveness, competitive harm, deterrence, liability, or causation."},{"industryId":"arts-entertainment","industryName":"Arts, entertainment, and recreation","enforcementYear":2023,"cartelDecisions":12,"dominanceDecisions":2,"cartelSourceIndustryLabel":"Arts, Entertainment and Recreation","dominanceSourceIndustryLabel":"Arts, Entertainment and Recreation","classificationStatus":"joined","targetSectorCode":"71","targetNaicsCode":"71","targetSectorName":"Arts, entertainment, and recreation","censusSectorAvailable":true,"concentrationYear":2022,"detailedIndustryCount":25,"publishedHhiCount":19,"withheldHhiCount":6,"publishedHhiShare":76,"medianIndustryHhi":192.2,"medianIndustryCr4":21.2,"topDecileIndustryCount":2,"topDecileIndustryShare":10.5,"historyFromYear":2017,"historyToYear":2022,"historyPairedCount":14,"historyCoveragePercent":56,"medianHhiChange":-3.3,"hhiIncreaseShare":35.7,"dynamismYear":2023,"firms":118288,"establishments":133247,"employment":2471289,"establishmentEntryRate":13.716,"establishmentExitRate":10.45,"jobCreationRate":18.049,"jobDestructionRate":10.165,"netJobCreationRate":7.884,"reallocationRate":20.33,"enforcementProfileHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/arts-entertainment","sectorObservatoryHref":"/economy/sectors?sector=71","sectorProfileHref":"/industries/71","enforcementSourceId":"oecd-competition-trends-2025","concentrationSourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","historySourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","dynamismSourceId":"census-business-dynamics-2023","bridgeHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/economy?industry=arts-entertainment&enforcementMetric=cartel-industry-decisions&sectorMetric=median-industry-hhi&year=2023&view=plane","guardrail":"This bridge links reviewed broad industry-category codes for navigation across two separate statistical systems. It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. Positions, ranks, gaps, and co-movement must not be read as market concentration, enforcement responsiveness, competitive harm, deterrence, liability, or causation."},{"industryId":"accommodation-food","industryName":"Accommodation and food services","enforcementYear":2023,"cartelDecisions":6,"dominanceDecisions":5,"cartelSourceIndustryLabel":"Accomodation and food services","dominanceSourceIndustryLabel":"Accomodation and food services","classificationStatus":"joined","targetSectorCode":"72","targetNaicsCode":"72","targetSectorName":"Accommodation and food services","censusSectorAvailable":true,"concentrationYear":2022,"detailedIndustryCount":15,"publishedHhiCount":11,"withheldHhiCount":4,"publishedHhiShare":73.3,"medianIndustryHhi":15,"medianIndustryCr4":8,"topDecileIndustryCount":1,"topDecileIndustryShare":9.1,"historyFromYear":2017,"historyToYear":2022,"historyPairedCount":10,"historyCoveragePercent":66.7,"medianHhiChange":-1.3,"hhiIncreaseShare":40,"dynamismYear":2023,"firms":515539,"establishments":714803,"employment":14565278,"establishmentEntryRate":11.04,"establishmentExitRate":9.081,"jobCreationRate":17.536,"jobDestructionRate":11.949,"netJobCreationRate":5.586,"reallocationRate":23.899,"enforcementProfileHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/accommodation-food","sectorObservatoryHref":"/economy/sectors?sector=72","sectorProfileHref":"/industries/72","enforcementSourceId":"oecd-competition-trends-2025","concentrationSourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","historySourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","dynamismSourceId":"census-business-dynamics-2023","bridgeHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/economy?industry=accommodation-food&enforcementMetric=cartel-industry-decisions&sectorMetric=median-industry-hhi&year=2023&view=plane","guardrail":"This bridge links reviewed broad industry-category codes for navigation across two separate statistical systems. It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. Positions, ranks, gaps, and co-movement must not be read as market concentration, enforcement responsiveness, competitive harm, deterrence, liability, or causation."},{"industryId":"other-services","industryName":"Other services except public administration","enforcementYear":2023,"cartelDecisions":26,"dominanceDecisions":3,"cartelSourceIndustryLabel":"Other Services (except Public Administration)","dominanceSourceIndustryLabel":"Other Services (except Public Administration)","classificationStatus":"joined","targetSectorCode":"81","targetNaicsCode":"81","targetSectorName":"Other services (except public administration)","censusSectorAvailable":true,"concentrationYear":2022,"detailedIndustryCount":40,"publishedHhiCount":30,"withheldHhiCount":10,"publishedHhiShare":75,"medianIndustryHhi":54.3,"medianIndustryCr4":12.8,"topDecileIndustryCount":0,"topDecileIndustryShare":0,"historyFromYear":2017,"historyToYear":2022,"historyPairedCount":22,"historyCoveragePercent":57.9,"medianHhiChange":3.6,"hhiIncreaseShare":72.7,"dynamismYear":2023,"firms":669776,"establishments":742030,"employment":5677219,"establishmentEntryRate":9.993,"establishmentExitRate":8.146,"jobCreationRate":15.133,"jobDestructionRate":11.503,"netJobCreationRate":3.63,"reallocationRate":23.006,"enforcementProfileHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/other-services","sectorObservatoryHref":"/economy/sectors?sector=81","sectorProfileHref":"/industries/81","enforcementSourceId":"oecd-competition-trends-2025","concentrationSourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","historySourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","dynamismSourceId":"census-business-dynamics-2023","bridgeHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/economy?industry=other-services&enforcementMetric=cartel-industry-decisions&sectorMetric=median-industry-hhi&year=2023&view=plane","guardrail":"This bridge links reviewed broad industry-category codes for navigation across two separate statistical systems. It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. Positions, ranks, gaps, and co-movement must not be read as market concentration, enforcement responsiveness, competitive harm, deterrence, liability, or causation."},{"industryId":"public-administration","industryName":"Public administration","enforcementYear":2023,"cartelDecisions":2,"dominanceDecisions":2,"cartelSourceIndustryLabel":"Public Administration","dominanceSourceIndustryLabel":"Public Administration","classificationStatus":"census-gap","targetSectorCode":"92","targetNaicsCode":"92","targetSectorName":"Public administration","censusSectorAvailable":false,"concentrationYear":null,"detailedIndustryCount":null,"publishedHhiCount":null,"withheldHhiCount":null,"publishedHhiShare":null,"medianIndustryHhi":null,"medianIndustryCr4":null,"topDecileIndustryCount":null,"topDecileIndustryShare":null,"historyFromYear":null,"historyToYear":null,"historyPairedCount":null,"historyCoveragePercent":null,"medianHhiChange":null,"hhiIncreaseShare":null,"dynamismYear":null,"firms":null,"establishments":null,"employment":null,"establishmentEntryRate":null,"establishmentExitRate":null,"jobCreationRate":null,"jobDestructionRate":null,"netJobCreationRate":null,"reallocationRate":null,"enforcementProfileHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/public-administration","sectorObservatoryHref":null,"sectorProfileHref":null,"enforcementSourceId":"oecd-competition-trends-2025","concentrationSourceId":null,"historySourceId":null,"dynamismSourceId":null,"bridgeHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/economy?industry=public-administration&enforcementMetric=cartel-industry-decisions&sectorMetric=median-industry-hhi&year=2023&view=plane","guardrail":"This bridge links reviewed broad industry-category codes for navigation across two separate statistical systems. It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. Positions, ranks, gaps, and co-movement must not be read as market concentration, enforcement responsiveness, competitive harm, deterrence, liability, or causation."},{"industryId":"agriculture","industryName":"Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting","enforcementYear":2024,"cartelDecisions":21,"dominanceDecisions":2,"cartelSourceIndustryLabel":"Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting","dominanceSourceIndustryLabel":"Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting","classificationStatus":"census-gap","targetSectorCode":"11","targetNaicsCode":"11","targetSectorName":"Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting","censusSectorAvailable":false,"concentrationYear":null,"detailedIndustryCount":null,"publishedHhiCount":null,"withheldHhiCount":null,"publishedHhiShare":null,"medianIndustryHhi":null,"medianIndustryCr4":null,"topDecileIndustryCount":null,"topDecileIndustryShare":null,"historyFromYear":null,"historyToYear":null,"historyPairedCount":null,"historyCoveragePercent":null,"medianHhiChange":null,"hhiIncreaseShare":null,"dynamismYear":null,"firms":null,"establishments":null,"employment":null,"establishmentEntryRate":null,"establishmentExitRate":null,"jobCreationRate":null,"jobDestructionRate":null,"netJobCreationRate":null,"reallocationRate":null,"enforcementProfileHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/agriculture","sectorObservatoryHref":null,"sectorProfileHref":null,"enforcementSourceId":"oecd-competition-trends-2025","concentrationSourceId":null,"historySourceId":null,"dynamismSourceId":null,"bridgeHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/economy?industry=agriculture&enforcementMetric=cartel-industry-decisions&sectorMetric=median-industry-hhi&year=2024&view=plane","guardrail":"This bridge links reviewed broad industry-category codes for navigation across two separate statistical systems. It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. Positions, ranks, gaps, and co-movement must not be read as market concentration, enforcement responsiveness, competitive harm, deterrence, liability, or causation."},{"industryId":"mining","industryName":"Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction","enforcementYear":2024,"cartelDecisions":21,"dominanceDecisions":0,"cartelSourceIndustryLabel":"Mining, Quarrying and Oil/Gas Extraction","dominanceSourceIndustryLabel":"Mining","classificationStatus":"joined","targetSectorCode":"21","targetNaicsCode":"21","targetSectorName":"Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction","censusSectorAvailable":true,"concentrationYear":2022,"detailedIndustryCount":21,"publishedHhiCount":17,"withheldHhiCount":4,"publishedHhiShare":81,"medianIndustryHhi":559.2,"medianIndustryCr4":43.7,"topDecileIndustryCount":2,"topDecileIndustryShare":11.8,"historyFromYear":2017,"historyToYear":2022,"historyPairedCount":11,"historyCoveragePercent":73.3,"medianHhiChange":10,"hhiIncreaseShare":54.5,"dynamismYear":2023,"firms":15461,"establishments":21382,"employment":568964,"establishmentEntryRate":9.436,"establishmentExitRate":7.685,"jobCreationRate":20.02,"jobDestructionRate":8.774,"netJobCreationRate":11.246,"reallocationRate":17.547,"enforcementProfileHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/mining","sectorObservatoryHref":"/economy/sectors?sector=21","sectorProfileHref":"/industries/21","enforcementSourceId":"oecd-competition-trends-2025","concentrationSourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","historySourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","dynamismSourceId":"census-business-dynamics-2023","bridgeHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/economy?industry=mining&enforcementMetric=cartel-industry-decisions&sectorMetric=median-industry-hhi&year=2024&view=plane","guardrail":"This bridge links reviewed broad industry-category codes for navigation across two separate statistical systems. It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. Positions, ranks, gaps, and co-movement must not be read as market concentration, enforcement responsiveness, competitive harm, deterrence, liability, or causation."},{"industryId":"utilities","industryName":"Utilities","enforcementYear":2024,"cartelDecisions":11,"dominanceDecisions":85,"cartelSourceIndustryLabel":"Utilities","dominanceSourceIndustryLabel":"Utilities","classificationStatus":"joined","targetSectorCode":"22","targetNaicsCode":"22","targetSectorName":"Utilities","censusSectorAvailable":true,"concentrationYear":2022,"detailedIndustryCount":14,"publishedHhiCount":9,"withheldHhiCount":5,"publishedHhiShare":64.3,"medianIndustryHhi":615.9,"medianIndustryCr4":41.6,"topDecileIndustryCount":1,"topDecileIndustryShare":11.1,"historyFromYear":2017,"historyToYear":2022,"historyPairedCount":7,"historyCoveragePercent":50,"medianHhiChange":-23.9,"hhiIncreaseShare":14.3,"dynamismYear":2023,"firms":6243,"establishments":19462,"employment":661624,"establishmentEntryRate":5.266,"establishmentExitRate":5.691,"jobCreationRate":9.098,"jobDestructionRate":6.707,"netJobCreationRate":2.391,"reallocationRate":13.414,"enforcementProfileHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/utilities","sectorObservatoryHref":"/economy/sectors?sector=22","sectorProfileHref":"/industries/22","enforcementSourceId":"oecd-competition-trends-2025","concentrationSourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","historySourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","dynamismSourceId":"census-business-dynamics-2023","bridgeHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/economy?industry=utilities&enforcementMetric=cartel-industry-decisions&sectorMetric=median-industry-hhi&year=2024&view=plane","guardrail":"This bridge links reviewed broad industry-category codes for navigation across two separate statistical systems. It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. 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It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. 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It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. Positions, ranks, gaps, and co-movement must not be read as market concentration, enforcement responsiveness, competitive harm, deterrence, liability, or causation."},{"industryId":"wholesale-trade","industryName":"Wholesale trade","enforcementYear":2024,"cartelDecisions":186,"dominanceDecisions":4,"cartelSourceIndustryLabel":"Wholesale Trade","dominanceSourceIndustryLabel":"Wholesale Trade","classificationStatus":"joined","targetSectorCode":"42","targetNaicsCode":"42","targetSectorName":"Wholesale trade","censusSectorAvailable":true,"concentrationYear":2022,"detailedIndustryCount":69,"publishedHhiCount":55,"withheldHhiCount":14,"publishedHhiShare":79.7,"medianIndustryHhi":360.8,"medianIndustryCr4":29.9,"topDecileIndustryCount":1,"topDecileIndustryShare":1.8,"historyFromYear":2017,"historyToYear":2022,"historyPairedCount":44,"historyCoveragePercent":65.7,"medianHhiChange":17.5,"hhiIncreaseShare":68.2,"dynamismYear":2023,"firms":246895,"establishments":355002,"employment":6222521,"establishmentEntryRate":6.719,"establishmentExitRate":8.243,"jobCreationRate":11.997,"jobDestructionRate":9.96,"netJobCreationRate":2.037,"reallocationRate":19.919,"enforcementProfileHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/wholesale-trade","sectorObservatoryHref":"/economy/sectors?sector=42","sectorProfileHref":"/industries/42","enforcementSourceId":"oecd-competition-trends-2025","concentrationSourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","historySourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","dynamismSourceId":"census-business-dynamics-2023","bridgeHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/economy?industry=wholesale-trade&enforcementMetric=cartel-industry-decisions&sectorMetric=median-industry-hhi&year=2024&view=plane","guardrail":"This bridge links reviewed broad industry-category codes for navigation across two separate statistical systems. It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. 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It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. Positions, ranks, gaps, and co-movement must not be read as market concentration, enforcement responsiveness, competitive harm, deterrence, liability, or causation."},{"industryId":"transportation-warehousing","industryName":"Transportation and warehousing","enforcementYear":2024,"cartelDecisions":25,"dominanceDecisions":12,"cartelSourceIndustryLabel":"Transportation and Warehousing","dominanceSourceIndustryLabel":"Transportation and Warehousing","classificationStatus":"joined","targetSectorCode":"48","targetNaicsCode":"48-49","targetSectorName":"Transportation and warehousing","censusSectorAvailable":true,"concentrationYear":2022,"detailedIndustryCount":54,"publishedHhiCount":38,"withheldHhiCount":16,"publishedHhiShare":70.4,"medianIndustryHhi":277.4,"medianIndustryCr4":40,"topDecileIndustryCount":4,"topDecileIndustryShare":10.5,"historyFromYear":2017,"historyToYear":2022,"historyPairedCount":35,"historyCoveragePercent":66,"medianHhiChange":-0.8,"hhiIncreaseShare":42.9,"dynamismYear":2023,"firms":198284,"establishments":254427,"employment":6450641,"establishmentEntryRate":14.851,"establishmentExitRate":14.67,"jobCreationRate":13.617,"jobDestructionRate":11.596,"netJobCreationRate":2.02,"reallocationRate":23.193,"enforcementProfileHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/transportation-warehousing","sectorObservatoryHref":"/economy/sectors?sector=48","sectorProfileHref":"/industries/48-49","enforcementSourceId":"oecd-competition-trends-2025","concentrationSourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","historySourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","dynamismSourceId":"census-business-dynamics-2023","bridgeHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/economy?industry=transportation-warehousing&enforcementMetric=cartel-industry-decisions&sectorMetric=median-industry-hhi&year=2024&view=plane","guardrail":"This bridge links reviewed broad industry-category codes for navigation across two separate statistical systems. It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. Positions, ranks, gaps, and co-movement must not be read as market concentration, enforcement responsiveness, competitive harm, deterrence, liability, or causation."},{"industryId":"information","industryName":"Information","enforcementYear":2024,"cartelDecisions":23,"dominanceDecisions":20,"cartelSourceIndustryLabel":"Information","dominanceSourceIndustryLabel":"Information","classificationStatus":"joined","targetSectorCode":"51","targetNaicsCode":"51","targetSectorName":"Information","censusSectorAvailable":true,"concentrationYear":2022,"detailedIndustryCount":29,"publishedHhiCount":17,"withheldHhiCount":12,"publishedHhiShare":58.6,"medianIndustryHhi":638.2,"medianIndustryCr4":45.6,"topDecileIndustryCount":4,"topDecileIndustryShare":23.5,"historyFromYear":2017,"historyToYear":2022,"historyPairedCount":6,"historyCoveragePercent":54.5,"medianHhiChange":56.4,"hhiIncreaseShare":50,"dynamismYear":2023,"firms":73823,"establishments":141691,"employment":3539955,"establishmentEntryRate":10.578,"establishmentExitRate":11.499,"jobCreationRate":12.429,"jobDestructionRate":12.678,"netJobCreationRate":-0.248,"reallocationRate":24.859,"enforcementProfileHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/information","sectorObservatoryHref":"/economy/sectors?sector=51","sectorProfileHref":"/industries/51","enforcementSourceId":"oecd-competition-trends-2025","concentrationSourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","historySourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","dynamismSourceId":"census-business-dynamics-2023","bridgeHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/economy?industry=information&enforcementMetric=cartel-industry-decisions&sectorMetric=median-industry-hhi&year=2024&view=plane","guardrail":"This bridge links reviewed broad industry-category codes for navigation across two separate statistical systems. It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. Positions, ranks, gaps, and co-movement must not be read as market concentration, enforcement responsiveness, competitive harm, deterrence, liability, or causation."},{"industryId":"finance-insurance","industryName":"Finance and insurance","enforcementYear":2024,"cartelDecisions":25,"dominanceDecisions":4,"cartelSourceIndustryLabel":"Finance and Insurance","dominanceSourceIndustryLabel":"Finance and Insurance","classificationStatus":"joined","targetSectorCode":"52","targetNaicsCode":"52","targetSectorName":"Finance and insurance","censusSectorAvailable":true,"concentrationYear":2022,"detailedIndustryCount":29,"publishedHhiCount":27,"withheldHhiCount":2,"publishedHhiShare":93.1,"medianIndustryHhi":405.8,"medianIndustryCr4":31,"topDecileIndustryCount":8,"topDecileIndustryShare":29.6,"historyFromYear":2017,"historyToYear":2022,"historyPairedCount":21,"historyCoveragePercent":91.3,"medianHhiChange":-4.1,"hhiIncreaseShare":47.6,"dynamismYear":2023,"firms":214433,"establishments":438240,"employment":6912028,"establishmentEntryRate":8.115,"establishmentExitRate":9.608,"jobCreationRate":16.192,"jobDestructionRate":14.344,"netJobCreationRate":1.847,"reallocationRate":28.689,"enforcementProfileHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/finance-insurance","sectorObservatoryHref":"/economy/sectors?sector=52","sectorProfileHref":"/industries/52","enforcementSourceId":"oecd-competition-trends-2025","concentrationSourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","historySourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","dynamismSourceId":"census-business-dynamics-2023","bridgeHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/economy?industry=finance-insurance&enforcementMetric=cartel-industry-decisions&sectorMetric=median-industry-hhi&year=2024&view=plane","guardrail":"This bridge links reviewed broad industry-category codes for navigation across two separate statistical systems. It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. Positions, ranks, gaps, and co-movement must not be read as market concentration, enforcement responsiveness, competitive harm, deterrence, liability, or causation."},{"industryId":"real-estate","industryName":"Real estate rental and leasing","enforcementYear":2024,"cartelDecisions":4,"dominanceDecisions":3,"cartelSourceIndustryLabel":"Real Estate Rental and Leasing","dominanceSourceIndustryLabel":"Real Estate Rental and Leasing","classificationStatus":"joined","targetSectorCode":"53","targetNaicsCode":"53","targetSectorName":"Real estate and rental and leasing","censusSectorAvailable":true,"concentrationYear":2022,"detailedIndustryCount":24,"publishedHhiCount":17,"withheldHhiCount":7,"publishedHhiShare":70.8,"medianIndustryHhi":116.9,"medianIndustryCr4":29.4,"topDecileIndustryCount":2,"topDecileIndustryShare":11.8,"historyFromYear":2017,"historyToYear":2022,"historyPairedCount":16,"historyCoveragePercent":66.7,"medianHhiChange":2.3,"hhiIncreaseShare":56.3,"dynamismYear":2023,"firms":292635,"establishments":396881,"employment":2403647,"establishmentEntryRate":12.647,"establishmentExitRate":11.301,"jobCreationRate":17.635,"jobDestructionRate":13.864,"netJobCreationRate":3.771,"reallocationRate":27.729,"enforcementProfileHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/real-estate","sectorObservatoryHref":"/economy/sectors?sector=53","sectorProfileHref":"/industries/53","enforcementSourceId":"oecd-competition-trends-2025","concentrationSourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","historySourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","dynamismSourceId":"census-business-dynamics-2023","bridgeHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/economy?industry=real-estate&enforcementMetric=cartel-industry-decisions&sectorMetric=median-industry-hhi&year=2024&view=plane","guardrail":"This bridge links reviewed broad industry-category codes for navigation across two separate statistical systems. It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. Positions, ranks, gaps, and co-movement must not be read as market concentration, enforcement responsiveness, competitive harm, deterrence, liability, or causation."},{"industryId":"professional-services","industryName":"Professional, scientific, and technical services","enforcementYear":2024,"cartelDecisions":15,"dominanceDecisions":4,"cartelSourceIndustryLabel":"Professional, Scientific and Technical Services","dominanceSourceIndustryLabel":"Professional, Scientific and Technical Services","classificationStatus":"joined","targetSectorCode":"54","targetNaicsCode":"54","targetSectorName":"Professional, scientific, and technical services","censusSectorAvailable":true,"concentrationYear":2022,"detailedIndustryCount":48,"publishedHhiCount":39,"withheldHhiCount":9,"publishedHhiShare":81.3,"medianIndustryHhi":94.9,"medianIndustryCr4":17.8,"topDecileIndustryCount":0,"topDecileIndustryShare":0,"historyFromYear":2017,"historyToYear":2022,"historyPairedCount":32,"historyCoveragePercent":69.6,"medianHhiChange":0.1,"hhiIncreaseShare":50,"dynamismYear":2023,"firms":735652,"establishments":838248,"employment":10364674,"establishmentEntryRate":12.473,"establishmentExitRate":11.031,"jobCreationRate":15.072,"jobDestructionRate":12.633,"netJobCreationRate":2.438,"reallocationRate":25.267,"enforcementProfileHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/professional-services","sectorObservatoryHref":"/economy/sectors?sector=54","sectorProfileHref":"/industries/54","enforcementSourceId":"oecd-competition-trends-2025","concentrationSourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","historySourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","dynamismSourceId":"census-business-dynamics-2023","bridgeHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/economy?industry=professional-services&enforcementMetric=cartel-industry-decisions&sectorMetric=median-industry-hhi&year=2024&view=plane","guardrail":"This bridge links reviewed broad industry-category codes for navigation across two separate statistical systems. It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. Positions, ranks, gaps, and co-movement must not be read as market concentration, enforcement responsiveness, competitive harm, deterrence, liability, or causation."},{"industryId":"company-management","industryName":"Management of companies and enterprises","enforcementYear":2024,"cartelDecisions":8,"dominanceDecisions":2,"cartelSourceIndustryLabel":"Management of Companies and Enterprises","dominanceSourceIndustryLabel":"Management of Companies and Enterprises","classificationStatus":"census-gap","targetSectorCode":"55","targetNaicsCode":"55","targetSectorName":"Management of companies and enterprises","censusSectorAvailable":false,"concentrationYear":null,"detailedIndustryCount":null,"publishedHhiCount":null,"withheldHhiCount":null,"publishedHhiShare":null,"medianIndustryHhi":null,"medianIndustryCr4":null,"topDecileIndustryCount":null,"topDecileIndustryShare":null,"historyFromYear":null,"historyToYear":null,"historyPairedCount":null,"historyCoveragePercent":null,"medianHhiChange":null,"hhiIncreaseShare":null,"dynamismYear":null,"firms":null,"establishments":null,"employment":null,"establishmentEntryRate":null,"establishmentExitRate":null,"jobCreationRate":null,"jobDestructionRate":null,"netJobCreationRate":null,"reallocationRate":null,"enforcementProfileHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/company-management","sectorObservatoryHref":null,"sectorProfileHref":null,"enforcementSourceId":"oecd-competition-trends-2025","concentrationSourceId":null,"historySourceId":null,"dynamismSourceId":null,"bridgeHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/economy?industry=company-management&enforcementMetric=cartel-industry-decisions&sectorMetric=median-industry-hhi&year=2024&view=plane","guardrail":"This bridge links reviewed broad industry-category codes for navigation across two separate statistical systems. It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. Positions, ranks, gaps, and co-movement must not be read as market concentration, enforcement responsiveness, competitive harm, deterrence, liability, or causation."},{"industryId":"administrative-support","industryName":"Administrative, support, waste management, and remediation services","enforcementYear":2024,"cartelDecisions":28,"dominanceDecisions":7,"cartelSourceIndustryLabel":"Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services","dominanceSourceIndustryLabel":"Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services","classificationStatus":"joined","targetSectorCode":"56","targetNaicsCode":"56","targetSectorName":"Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services","censusSectorAvailable":true,"concentrationYear":2022,"detailedIndustryCount":44,"publishedHhiCount":30,"withheldHhiCount":14,"publishedHhiShare":68.2,"medianIndustryHhi":182,"medianIndustryCr4":23.5,"topDecileIndustryCount":2,"topDecileIndustryShare":6.7,"historyFromYear":2017,"historyToYear":2022,"historyPairedCount":26,"historyCoveragePercent":60.5,"medianHhiChange":10.7,"hhiIncreaseShare":61.5,"dynamismYear":2023,"firms":318217,"establishments":390472,"employment":11933228,"establishmentEntryRate":12.905,"establishmentExitRate":11.833,"jobCreationRate":13.743,"jobDestructionRate":14.829,"netJobCreationRate":-1.087,"reallocationRate":27.485,"enforcementProfileHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/administrative-support","sectorObservatoryHref":"/economy/sectors?sector=56","sectorProfileHref":"/industries/56","enforcementSourceId":"oecd-competition-trends-2025","concentrationSourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","historySourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","dynamismSourceId":"census-business-dynamics-2023","bridgeHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/economy?industry=administrative-support&enforcementMetric=cartel-industry-decisions&sectorMetric=median-industry-hhi&year=2024&view=plane","guardrail":"This bridge links reviewed broad industry-category codes for navigation across two separate statistical systems. It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. Positions, ranks, gaps, and co-movement must not be read as market concentration, enforcement responsiveness, competitive harm, deterrence, liability, or causation."},{"industryId":"education","industryName":"Educational services","enforcementYear":2024,"cartelDecisions":5,"dominanceDecisions":0,"cartelSourceIndustryLabel":"Educational Services","dominanceSourceIndustryLabel":"Educational Services","classificationStatus":"joined","targetSectorCode":"61","targetNaicsCode":"61","targetSectorName":"Educational services","censusSectorAvailable":true,"concentrationYear":2022,"detailedIndustryCount":14,"publishedHhiCount":12,"withheldHhiCount":2,"publishedHhiShare":85.7,"medianIndustryHhi":75.6,"medianIndustryCr4":15,"topDecileIndustryCount":0,"topDecileIndustryShare":0,"historyFromYear":2017,"historyToYear":2022,"historyPairedCount":10,"historyCoveragePercent":71.4,"medianHhiChange":-1.8,"hhiIncreaseShare":40,"dynamismYear":2023,"firms":93509,"establishments":105104,"employment":3782935,"establishmentEntryRate":11.167,"establishmentExitRate":8.441,"jobCreationRate":10.585,"jobDestructionRate":6.259,"netJobCreationRate":4.326,"reallocationRate":12.518,"enforcementProfileHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/education","sectorObservatoryHref":"/economy/sectors?sector=61","sectorProfileHref":"/industries/61","enforcementSourceId":"oecd-competition-trends-2025","concentrationSourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","historySourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","dynamismSourceId":"census-business-dynamics-2023","bridgeHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/economy?industry=education&enforcementMetric=cartel-industry-decisions&sectorMetric=median-industry-hhi&year=2024&view=plane","guardrail":"This bridge links reviewed broad industry-category codes for navigation across two separate statistical systems. It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. Positions, ranks, gaps, and co-movement must not be read as market concentration, enforcement responsiveness, competitive harm, deterrence, liability, or causation."},{"industryId":"health-care","industryName":"Health care and social assistance","enforcementYear":2024,"cartelDecisions":6,"dominanceDecisions":6,"cartelSourceIndustryLabel":"Health Care and Social Assistance","dominanceSourceIndustryLabel":"Health Care and Social Assistance","classificationStatus":"joined","targetSectorCode":"62","targetNaicsCode":"62","targetSectorName":"Health care and social assistance","censusSectorAvailable":true,"concentrationYear":2022,"detailedIndustryCount":39,"publishedHhiCount":30,"withheldHhiCount":9,"publishedHhiShare":76.9,"medianIndustryHhi":35.8,"medianIndustryCr4":8.4,"topDecileIndustryCount":1,"topDecileIndustryShare":3.3,"historyFromYear":2017,"historyToYear":2022,"historyPairedCount":26,"historyCoveragePercent":68.4,"medianHhiChange":1.4,"hhiIncreaseShare":53.8,"dynamismYear":2023,"firms":631402,"establishments":925453,"employment":21997571,"establishmentEntryRate":10.783,"establishmentExitRate":7.708,"jobCreationRate":13.539,"jobDestructionRate":9.45,"netJobCreationRate":4.089,"reallocationRate":18.899,"enforcementProfileHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/health-care","sectorObservatoryHref":"/economy/sectors?sector=62","sectorProfileHref":"/industries/62","enforcementSourceId":"oecd-competition-trends-2025","concentrationSourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","historySourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","dynamismSourceId":"census-business-dynamics-2023","bridgeHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/economy?industry=health-care&enforcementMetric=cartel-industry-decisions&sectorMetric=median-industry-hhi&year=2024&view=plane","guardrail":"This bridge links reviewed broad industry-category codes for navigation across two separate statistical systems. It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. Positions, ranks, gaps, and co-movement must not be read as market concentration, enforcement responsiveness, competitive harm, deterrence, liability, or causation."},{"industryId":"arts-entertainment","industryName":"Arts, entertainment, and recreation","enforcementYear":2024,"cartelDecisions":13,"dominanceDecisions":5,"cartelSourceIndustryLabel":"Arts, Entertainment and Recreation","dominanceSourceIndustryLabel":"Arts, Entertainment and Recreation","classificationStatus":"joined","targetSectorCode":"71","targetNaicsCode":"71","targetSectorName":"Arts, entertainment, and recreation","censusSectorAvailable":true,"concentrationYear":2022,"detailedIndustryCount":25,"publishedHhiCount":19,"withheldHhiCount":6,"publishedHhiShare":76,"medianIndustryHhi":192.2,"medianIndustryCr4":21.2,"topDecileIndustryCount":2,"topDecileIndustryShare":10.5,"historyFromYear":2017,"historyToYear":2022,"historyPairedCount":14,"historyCoveragePercent":56,"medianHhiChange":-3.3,"hhiIncreaseShare":35.7,"dynamismYear":2023,"firms":118288,"establishments":133247,"employment":2471289,"establishmentEntryRate":13.716,"establishmentExitRate":10.45,"jobCreationRate":18.049,"jobDestructionRate":10.165,"netJobCreationRate":7.884,"reallocationRate":20.33,"enforcementProfileHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/arts-entertainment","sectorObservatoryHref":"/economy/sectors?sector=71","sectorProfileHref":"/industries/71","enforcementSourceId":"oecd-competition-trends-2025","concentrationSourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","historySourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","dynamismSourceId":"census-business-dynamics-2023","bridgeHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/economy?industry=arts-entertainment&enforcementMetric=cartel-industry-decisions&sectorMetric=median-industry-hhi&year=2024&view=plane","guardrail":"This bridge links reviewed broad industry-category codes for navigation across two separate statistical systems. It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. Positions, ranks, gaps, and co-movement must not be read as market concentration, enforcement responsiveness, competitive harm, deterrence, liability, or causation."},{"industryId":"accommodation-food","industryName":"Accommodation and food services","enforcementYear":2024,"cartelDecisions":12,"dominanceDecisions":0,"cartelSourceIndustryLabel":"Accomodation and food services","dominanceSourceIndustryLabel":"Accomodation and food services","classificationStatus":"joined","targetSectorCode":"72","targetNaicsCode":"72","targetSectorName":"Accommodation and food services","censusSectorAvailable":true,"concentrationYear":2022,"detailedIndustryCount":15,"publishedHhiCount":11,"withheldHhiCount":4,"publishedHhiShare":73.3,"medianIndustryHhi":15,"medianIndustryCr4":8,"topDecileIndustryCount":1,"topDecileIndustryShare":9.1,"historyFromYear":2017,"historyToYear":2022,"historyPairedCount":10,"historyCoveragePercent":66.7,"medianHhiChange":-1.3,"hhiIncreaseShare":40,"dynamismYear":2023,"firms":515539,"establishments":714803,"employment":14565278,"establishmentEntryRate":11.04,"establishmentExitRate":9.081,"jobCreationRate":17.536,"jobDestructionRate":11.949,"netJobCreationRate":5.586,"reallocationRate":23.899,"enforcementProfileHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/accommodation-food","sectorObservatoryHref":"/economy/sectors?sector=72","sectorProfileHref":"/industries/72","enforcementSourceId":"oecd-competition-trends-2025","concentrationSourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","historySourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","dynamismSourceId":"census-business-dynamics-2023","bridgeHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/economy?industry=accommodation-food&enforcementMetric=cartel-industry-decisions&sectorMetric=median-industry-hhi&year=2024&view=plane","guardrail":"This bridge links reviewed broad industry-category codes for navigation across two separate statistical systems. It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. Positions, ranks, gaps, and co-movement must not be read as market concentration, enforcement responsiveness, competitive harm, deterrence, liability, or causation."},{"industryId":"other-services","industryName":"Other services except public administration","enforcementYear":2024,"cartelDecisions":30,"dominanceDecisions":7,"cartelSourceIndustryLabel":"Other Services (except Public Administration)","dominanceSourceIndustryLabel":"Other Services (except Public Administration)","classificationStatus":"joined","targetSectorCode":"81","targetNaicsCode":"81","targetSectorName":"Other services (except public administration)","censusSectorAvailable":true,"concentrationYear":2022,"detailedIndustryCount":40,"publishedHhiCount":30,"withheldHhiCount":10,"publishedHhiShare":75,"medianIndustryHhi":54.3,"medianIndustryCr4":12.8,"topDecileIndustryCount":0,"topDecileIndustryShare":0,"historyFromYear":2017,"historyToYear":2022,"historyPairedCount":22,"historyCoveragePercent":57.9,"medianHhiChange":3.6,"hhiIncreaseShare":72.7,"dynamismYear":2023,"firms":669776,"establishments":742030,"employment":5677219,"establishmentEntryRate":9.993,"establishmentExitRate":8.146,"jobCreationRate":15.133,"jobDestructionRate":11.503,"netJobCreationRate":3.63,"reallocationRate":23.006,"enforcementProfileHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/other-services","sectorObservatoryHref":"/economy/sectors?sector=81","sectorProfileHref":"/industries/81","enforcementSourceId":"oecd-competition-trends-2025","concentrationSourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2022","historySourceId":"census-ecnsize-concentration-2017","dynamismSourceId":"census-business-dynamics-2023","bridgeHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/economy?industry=other-services&enforcementMetric=cartel-industry-decisions&sectorMetric=median-industry-hhi&year=2024&view=plane","guardrail":"This bridge links reviewed broad industry-category codes for navigation across two separate statistical systems. It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. Positions, ranks, gaps, and co-movement must not be read as market concentration, enforcement responsiveness, competitive harm, deterrence, liability, or causation."},{"industryId":"public-administration","industryName":"Public administration","enforcementYear":2024,"cartelDecisions":0,"dominanceDecisions":1,"cartelSourceIndustryLabel":"Public Administration","dominanceSourceIndustryLabel":"Public Administration","classificationStatus":"census-gap","targetSectorCode":"92","targetNaicsCode":"92","targetSectorName":"Public administration","censusSectorAvailable":false,"concentrationYear":null,"detailedIndustryCount":null,"publishedHhiCount":null,"withheldHhiCount":null,"publishedHhiShare":null,"medianIndustryHhi":null,"medianIndustryCr4":null,"topDecileIndustryCount":null,"topDecileIndustryShare":null,"historyFromYear":null,"historyToYear":null,"historyPairedCount":null,"historyCoveragePercent":null,"medianHhiChange":null,"hhiIncreaseShare":null,"dynamismYear":null,"firms":null,"establishments":null,"employment":null,"establishmentEntryRate":null,"establishmentExitRate":null,"jobCreationRate":null,"jobDestructionRate":null,"netJobCreationRate":null,"reallocationRate":null,"enforcementProfileHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/public-administration","sectorObservatoryHref":null,"sectorProfileHref":null,"enforcementSourceId":"oecd-competition-trends-2025","concentrationSourceId":null,"historySourceId":null,"dynamismSourceId":null,"bridgeHref":"/enforcement/global/industries/economy?industry=public-administration&enforcementMetric=cartel-industry-decisions&sectorMetric=median-industry-hhi&year=2024&view=plane","guardrail":"This bridge links reviewed broad industry-category codes for navigation across two separate statistical systems. It does not assert that OECD enforcement classifications and Census sectors are identical, that either is a relevant antitrust market, or that their measures share a denominator. OECD rows count classified infringement decisions in 2021-2024; Census rows summarize six-digit industry distributions in 2017 and 2022 and sector business flows in 2023. Positions, ranks, gaps, and co-movement must not be read as market concentration, enforcement responsiveness, competitive harm, deterrence, liability, or causation."}]}