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for 2015-2024; no economy geometry or pmr packet. competition trends merger control authority activity","connectionCount":3},{"id":"report:insight-business-dynamism-pulse","kind":"report","label":"Every national business-flow rate in the monitor was lower in 2023 than in 2022.","shortLabel":"Business dynamism","description":"Six Census BDS rates describe establishment and job flows inside one national private-sector universe; none is a concentration or market-power measure. BDS rates describe flows across the private-sector economy. Lower entry, exit, creation, destruction, net creation, or reallocation does not independently identify reduced competition or its cause.","href":"/insights/business-dynamism-pulse-2023","metricLabel":"Exact signals","metricValue":"6","detail":"AR-CI-2026-06 / Domain readout","status":"current insight","year":2026,"color":"#6366f1","searchText":"every national business-flow rate in the monitor was lower in 2023 than in 2022. business dynamism six census bds rates describe establishment and job flows inside one national private-sector universe; none is a concentration or market-power measure. business dynamics domain readout ar-ci-2026-06 all six monitored national rates moved lower. across 6 exact latest-to-prior rows, 0 increased, 6 decreased. the common direction does not establish a common cause. entry fell more than exit in percentage-point terms. establishment entry rate moved from 11.7% in 2022 to 10.6% in 2023 (-1.043 percentage points). establishment exit rate moved from 9.5% in 2022 to 9.4% in 2023 (-0.116 percentage points). job creation fell more than job destruction, and net job creation narrowed. job creation rate moved from 16.6% in 2022 to 13.6% in 2023 (-2.985 percentage points). job destruction rate moved from 11.2% in 2022 to 11.1% in 2023 (-0.094 percentage points). net job creation rate moved from 5.4% in 2022 to 2.5% in 2023 (-2.890 percentage points). excess job reallocation also moved slightly lower. excess job reallocation rate moved from 22.3% in 2022 to 22.1% in 2023 (-0.188 percentage points). united states business dynamics establishment entry rate united states business dynamics establishment exit rate united states business dynamics job creation rate united states business dynamics job destruction rate united states business dynamics net job creation rate united states business dynamics excess job reallocation rate","connectionCount":2},{"id":"report:international-FIN","kind":"report","label":"Finland Competition Policy Evidence Brief","shortLabel":"FIN policy brief","description":"PMR at 2023-01-01 and reported authority activity for 2015-2024.","href":"/research/international/fin","metricLabel":"Published measures","metricValue":"17","detail":"AR-ICP-2026-23 / Joined evidence","status":"current international brief","year":2026,"color":"#6366f1","searchText":"fin finland ar-icp-2026-23 joined joined evidence pmr at 2023-01-01 and reported authority activity for 2015-2024. product market regulation pmr competition trends merger control authority activity","connectionCount":5},{"id":"report:rep-digital-gateways","kind":"report","label":"Five Digital Gateways","shortLabel":"Five Digital Gateways","description":"A source-backed research brief tracing search, browser, mobile operating-system, social-referral, and AI-assistant concentration without collapsing them into one platform market or ecosystem score.","href":"/reports/digital-gateways-brief","metricLabel":"Evidence sources","metricValue":"5","detail":"5 linked markets","status":"published","year":2026,"color":"#6366f1","searchText":"five digital gateways u.s. platform concentration across five separately bounded usage systems a source-backed research brief tracing search, browser, mobile operating-system, social-referral, and ai-assistant concentration without collapsing them into one platform market or ecosystem score. five system histories, exact share rows, official product-attribution paths, and a public research agenda with every denominator kept separate. five statcounter u.s. public usage-share sources: april 2023-april 2026 search, browser, mobile operating-system, and social-referral anchors, plus the may 2026 ai-assistant baseline. official product-attribution records remain a separate evidence layer.","connectionCount":12},{"id":"report:rep-fixed-broadband-geography","kind":"report","label":"Fixed Broadband Concentration Across Geographic Scales, 2020-2024","shortLabel":"Fixed Broadband Concent...","description":"A source-backed research brief on nine FCC fixed-broadband reporting periods, the divergent paths of national and subnational median HHI, and the public evidence needed to move from geographic screens to mechanisms and outcomes.","href":"/reports/fixed-broadband-geographic-concentration-2020-2024","metricLabel":"Evidence sources","metricValue":"1","detail":"1 linked market","status":"published","year":2026,"color":"#6366f1","searchText":"fixed broadband concentration across geographic scales, 2020-2024 national hhi rose while median state, county, and census-tract concentration fell a source-backed research brief on nine fcc fixed-broadband reporting periods, the divergent paths of national and subnational median hhi, and the public evidence needed to move from geographic screens to mechanisms and outcomes. a four-scale fcc concentration history showing why a rising national hhi and falling subnational medians must be read together without converting them into one market. federal communications commission internet access services figure 5, covering nine semiannual reporting periods from december 2020 through december 2024 for residential fixed connections meeting the 100/20 mbps threshold. the packet preserves the national hhi and medians of separately calculated state, county, and census-tract hhis as distinct geographic summaries.","connectionCount":4},{"id":"report:insight-digital-gateways-change","kind":"report","label":"Four digital usage systems traced four different structural paths.","shortLabel":"Digital gateways","description":"Browser, mobile operating-system, search-engine, and social-referral shares are read side by side without turning them into one platform-power score. Usage and referral shares are proxies inside separately defined systems. The dispatch does not add shares across products, resolve legal market definition, or infer a common competitive cause.","href":"/insights/digital-gateways-change","metricLabel":"Exact signals","metricValue":"12","detail":"AR-CI-2026-02 / Focused note","status":"current insight","year":2026,"color":"#6366f1","searchText":"four digital usage systems traced four different structural paths. digital gateways browser, mobile operating-system, search-engine, and social-referral shares are read side by side without turning them into one platform-power score. defined markets focused note ar-ci-2026-02 social-referral composition shifted toward the leader. social referrals moved from 3,804 in 2025 to 4,995 in 2026 (+1,191.0 hhi points). social referrals moved from 57.5% in 2025 to 68.9% in 2026 (+11.49 percentage points). social referrals moved from 95.1% in 2025 to 94.4% in 2026 (-0.71 percentage points). search hhi and leading share both moved lower. search engines moved from 7,589 in 2025 to 7,359 in 2026 (-230.0 hhi points). search engines moved from 86.7% in 2025 to 85.2% in 2026 (-1.55 percentage points). search engines moved from 99.4% in 2025 to 99.4% in 2026 (-0.02 percentage points). mobile operating-system hhi and leading share moved higher. mobile operating systems moved from 5,094 in 2025 to 5,337 in 2026 (+243.0 hhi points). mobile operating systems moved from 57.6% in 2025 to 63.1% in 2026 (+5.48 percentage points). mobile operating systems moved from 100.0% in 2025 to 100.0% in 2026 (+0.04 percentage points). browser hhi and leading share moved lower while cr4 edged higher. browsers moved from 3,720 in 2025 to 3,612 in 2026 (-108.0 hhi points). browsers moved from 52.3% in 2025 to 50.0% in 2026 (-2.29 percentage points). browsers moved from 93.6% in 2025 to 93.8% in 2026 (+0.15 percentage points). browsers four-participant concentration ratio browsers herfindahl-hirschman index browsers leading-participant share mobile operating systems four-participant concentration ratio mobile operating systems herfindahl-hirschman index mobile operating systems leading-participant share search engines four-participant concentration ratio search engines herfindahl-hirschman index search engines leading-participant share social referrals four-participant concentration ratio social referrals herfindahl-hirschman index social referrals leading-participant share u.s. browser usage u.s. mobile operating-system web usage u.s. search engine usage u.s. social-media referral traffic","connectionCount":10},{"id":"report:international-FRA","kind":"report","label":"France Competition Policy Evidence Brief","shortLabel":"FRA policy brief","description":"PMR at 2023-01-01 and reported authority activity for 2015-2024.","href":"/research/international/fra","metricLabel":"Published measures","metricValue":"17","detail":"AR-ICP-2026-24 / Joined evidence","status":"current international brief","year":2026,"color":"#6366f1","searchText":"fra france ar-icp-2026-24 joined joined evidence pmr at 2023-01-01 and reported authority activity for 2015-2024. product market regulation pmr competition trends merger control authority activity","connectionCount":5},{"id":"report:insight-geographic-screen-divergence","kind":"report","label":"Geographic concentration screens point in different directions at different scales.","shortLabel":"Geographic screens","description":"Six FCC and FDIC comparisons retain their own geography, ownership rule, reporting universe, and time interval. FCC broadband summaries and FDIC branch-deposit screens use different sectors, units, ownership rules, and periods. Their directions are not combined into a geographic competition index.","href":"/insights/geographic-concentration-screen-divergence","metricLabel":"Exact signals","metricValue":"6","detail":"AR-CI-2026-04 / Domain readout","status":"current insight","year":2026,"color":"#6366f1","searchText":"geographic concentration screens point in different directions at different scales. geographic screens six fcc and fdic comparisons retain their own geography, ownership rule, reporting universe, and time interval. broadband geographies domain readout ar-ci-2026-04 five screens moved lower and one moved higher. across 6 exact latest-to-prior rows, 1 increased, 5 decreased. that split spans two public systems and two unequal observation windows. the national fixed-broadband hhi rose while three geographic medians fell. united states moved from hhi 1,195 in dec 2023 to 1,501 in dec 2024 (+306 hhi points). median state moved from hhi 2,994 in dec 2023 to 2,937 in dec 2024 (-57 hhi points). median county moved from hhi 5,356 in dec 2023 to 4,599 in dec 2024 (-757 hhi points). median census tract moved from hhi 5,859 in dec 2023 to 5,504 in dec 2024 (-355 hhi points). national and median-state branch-deposit screens both moved lower over 2015-2025. the national branch-deposit hhi moved from 410 in 2015 to 401 in 2025 (-9.0 hhi points). the annual 51-jurisdiction median branch-deposit hhi moved from 958 in 2015 to 903 in 2025 (-55.0 hhi points). median census tract residential fixed broadband tract median median county residential fixed broadband county median median state residential fixed broadband state median statewide branch-deposit screens median statewide bank-deposit hhi u.s. fixed broadband connections residential fixed broadband national hhi united states branch-deposit screen national bank-deposit hhi","connectionCount":3},{"id":"report:international-DEU","kind":"report","label":"Germany Competition Policy Evidence Brief","shortLabel":"DEU policy brief","description":"PMR at 2023-01-01 and reported authority activity for 2015-2024.","href":"/research/international/deu","metricLabel":"Published measures","metricValue":"17","detail":"AR-ICP-2026-25 / Joined evidence","status":"current international brief","year":2026,"color":"#6366f1","searchText":"deu germany ar-icp-2026-25 joined joined evidence pmr at 2023-01-01 and reported authority activity for 2015-2024. product market regulation pmr competition trends merger control authority activity","connectionCount":5},{"id":"report:international-GRC","kind":"report","label":"Greece Competition Policy Evidence Brief","shortLabel":"GRC policy brief","description":"PMR at 2023-01-01 and reported authority activity for 2015-2024.","href":"/research/international/grc","metricLabel":"Published measures","metricValue":"17","detail":"AR-ICP-2026-26 / Joined evidence","status":"current international brief","year":2026,"color":"#6366f1","searchText":"grc greece ar-icp-2026-26 joined joined evidence pmr at 2023-01-01 and reported authority activity for 2015-2024. product market regulation pmr competition trends merger control authority activity","connectionCount":5},{"id":"report:rep-housing-data-gap","kind":"report","label":"Housing Competition Needs Local Ownership Data","shortLabel":"Housing Competition Nee...","description":"An open brief explaining why housing affordability and supply stress require local competition data before HHI can be responsibly reported.","href":"/reports/housing-competition-data-gap","metricLabel":"Evidence sources","metricValue":"4","detail":"1 linked market","status":"published","year":2026,"color":"#6366f1","searchText":"housing competition needs local ownership data source-backed housing profile note an open brief explaining why housing affordability and supply stress require local competition data before hhi can be responsibly reported. explains why the housing profile reports public stress signals while withholding hhi pending local firm-level ownership and rental market-share data. harvard jchs renter cost-burden data, freddie mac supply-shortage estimate, gao selected single-family rental investor ownership data, and ftc/doj roll-up inquiry materials.","connectionCount":7},{"id":"report:rep-hhi-primer","kind":"report","label":"How HHI Helps Explain Market Concentration","shortLabel":"How HHI Helps Explain M...","description":"An open explainer on HHI, CR4, effective number of firms, and why source coverage matters.","href":"/reports/hhi-primer","metricLabel":"Evidence sources","metricValue":"3","detail":"3 linked markets","status":"published","year":2026,"color":"#6366f1","searchText":"how hhi helps explain market concentration a public primer for reading concentration dashboards an open explainer on hhi, cr4, effective number of firms, and why source coverage matters. a short public-interest guide to reading descriptive concentration metrics. fcc source-reported hhi and statcounter public usage-share tables.","connectionCount":8},{"id":"report:international-HUN","kind":"report","label":"Hungary Competition Policy Evidence Brief","shortLabel":"HUN policy brief","description":"PMR at 2024-01-01 and reported authority activity for 2015-2024.","href":"/research/international/hun","metricLabel":"Published measures","metricValue":"17","detail":"AR-ICP-2026-27 / Joined evidence","status":"current international brief","year":2026,"color":"#6366f1","searchText":"hun hungary ar-icp-2026-27 joined joined evidence pmr at 2024-01-01 and reported authority activity for 2015-2024. product market regulation pmr competition trends merger control authority activity","connectionCount":5},{"id":"report:international-ISL","kind":"report","label":"Iceland Competition Policy Evidence Brief","shortLabel":"ISL policy brief","description":"PMR at 2023-01-01 and reported authority activity for 2015-2024.","href":"/research/international/isl","metricLabel":"Published measures","metricValue":"17","detail":"AR-ICP-2026-28 / Joined evidence","status":"current international brief","year":2026,"color":"#6366f1","searchText":"isl iceland ar-icp-2026-28 joined joined evidence pmr at 2023-01-01 and reported authority activity for 2015-2024. product market regulation pmr competition trends merger control authority activity","connectionCount":5},{"id":"report:international-IDN","kind":"report","label":"Indonesia Competition Policy Evidence Brief","shortLabel":"IDN policy brief","description":"PMR at 2024-01-01 and reported authority activity for 2015-2024.","href":"/research/international/idn","metricLabel":"Published measures","metricValue":"17","detail":"AR-ICP-2026-29 / Joined evidence","status":"current international brief","year":2026,"color":"#6366f1","searchText":"idn indonesia ar-icp-2026-29 joined joined evidence pmr at 2024-01-01 and reported authority activity for 2015-2024. product market regulation pmr competition trends merger control authority activity","connectionCount":5},{"id":"report:international-IRL","kind":"report","label":"Ireland Competition Policy Evidence Brief","shortLabel":"IRL policy brief","description":"PMR at 2023-01-01 and reported authority activity for 2015-2024.","href":"/research/international/irl","metricLabel":"Published measures","metricValue":"17","detail":"AR-ICP-2026-30 / Joined evidence","status":"current international brief","year":2026,"color":"#6366f1","searchText":"irl ireland ar-icp-2026-30 joined joined evidence pmr at 2023-01-01 and reported authority activity for 2015-2024. product market regulation pmr competition trends merger control authority activity","connectionCount":5},{"id":"report:international-ISR","kind":"report","label":"Israel Competition Policy Evidence Brief","shortLabel":"ISR policy brief","description":"PMR at 2023-01-01 and reported authority activity for 2015-2024.","href":"/research/international/isr","metricLabel":"Published measures","metricValue":"17","detail":"AR-ICP-2026-31 / Joined evidence","status":"current international brief","year":2026,"color":"#6366f1","searchText":"isr israel ar-icp-2026-31 joined joined evidence pmr at 2023-01-01 and reported authority activity for 2015-2024. product market regulation pmr competition trends merger control authority activity","connectionCount":5},{"id":"report:international-ITA","kind":"report","label":"Italy Competition Policy Evidence Brief","shortLabel":"ITA policy brief","description":"PMR at 2023-01-01 and reported authority activity for 2015-2024.","href":"/research/international/ita","metricLabel":"Published measures","metricValue":"17","detail":"AR-ICP-2026-32 / Joined evidence","status":"current international brief","year":2026,"color":"#6366f1","searchText":"ita italy ar-icp-2026-32 joined joined evidence pmr at 2023-01-01 and reported authority activity for 2015-2024. product market regulation pmr competition trends merger control authority activity","connectionCount":5},{"id":"report:international-JPN","kind":"report","label":"Japan Competition Policy Evidence Brief","shortLabel":"JPN policy brief","description":"PMR at 2023-01-01 and reported authority activity for 2015-2024.","href":"/research/international/jpn","metricLabel":"Published measures","metricValue":"17","detail":"AR-ICP-2026-33 / Joined evidence","status":"current international brief","year":2026,"color":"#6366f1","searchText":"jpn japan ar-icp-2026-33 joined joined evidence pmr at 2023-01-01 and reported authority activity for 2015-2024. product market regulation pmr competition trends merger control authority activity","connectionCount":5},{"id":"report:international-KEN","kind":"report","label":"Kenya Competition Policy Evidence Brief","shortLabel":"KEN policy brief","description":"PMR at 2024-01-01 and reported authority activity for 2015-2024.","href":"/research/international/ken","metricLabel":"Published measures","metricValue":"17","detail":"AR-ICP-2026-34 / Joined evidence","status":"current international brief","year":2026,"color":"#6366f1","searchText":"ken kenya ar-icp-2026-34 joined joined evidence pmr at 2024-01-01 and reported authority activity for 2015-2024. product market regulation pmr competition trends merger control authority activity","connectionCount":5},{"id":"report:international-KOR","kind":"report","label":"Korea Competition Policy Evidence Brief","shortLabel":"KOR policy brief","description":"PMR at 2023-01-01 and reported authority activity for 2015-2024.","href":"/research/international/kor","metricLabel":"Published measures","metricValue":"17","detail":"AR-ICP-2026-35 / Joined evidence","status":"current international brief","year":2026,"color":"#6366f1","searchText":"kor korea ar-icp-2026-35 joined joined evidence pmr at 2023-01-01 and reported authority activity for 2015-2024. product market regulation pmr competition trends merger control authority activity","connectionCount":5},{"id":"report:insight-market-change-field","kind":"report","label":"Latest market-structure signals moved in both directions.","shortLabel":"Market change field","description":"Fifteen HHI, CR4, and leading-share comparisons preserve their own product boundary, denominator, source, and observed interval. The direction count is an inventory, not a vote about competition. HHI points, CR4 points, and leading-share points across different products and periods are not pooled or ranked.","href":"/insights/market-structure-change-field","metricLabel":"Exact signals","metricValue":"15","detail":"AR-CI-2026-01 / Domain readout","status":"current insight","year":2026,"color":"#6366f1","searchText":"latest market-structure signals moved in both directions. market change field fifteen hhi, cr4, and leading-share comparisons preserve their own product boundary, denominator, source, and observed interval. defined markets domain readout ar-ci-2026-01 the current market field is split. across 15 exact latest-to-prior rows, 8 increased, 7 decreased. the count says only how many bounded comparisons point each way. digital usage screens diverged. social referrals moved from 3,804 in 2025 to 4,995 in 2026 (+1,191.0 hhi points). search engines moved from 7,589 in 2025 to 7,359 in 2026 (-230.0 hhi points). mobile operating systems moved from 5,094 in 2025 to 5,337 in 2026 (+243.0 hhi points). browsers moved from 3,720 in 2025 to 3,612 in 2026 (-108.0 hhi points). each usage system has a separate denominator and remains analytically independent. other market intervals use different clocks. beef meatpacking moved from 81.0% in 1995 to 85.0% in 2019 (+4.00 percentage points). fixed broadband moved from 1,195 in 2023 to 1,501 in 2024 (+306.0 hhi points). wireless service moved from 3,596 in 2021 to 3,550 in 2023 (-46.0 hhi points). their unequal intervals are displayed, not annualized. beef meatpacking four-participant concentration ratio browsers four-participant concentration ratio browsers herfindahl-hirschman index browsers leading-participant share fixed broadband herfindahl-hirschman index mobile operating systems four-participant concentration ratio mobile operating systems herfindahl-hirschman index mobile operating systems leading-participant share search engines four-participant concentration ratio search engines herfindahl-hirschman index search engines leading-participant share social referrals four-participant concentration ratio social referrals herfindahl-hirschman index social referrals leading-participant share wireless service herfindahl-hirschman index u.s. steer and heifer purchases by beef packers u.s. browser usage u.s. residential fixed broadband access u.s. mobile operating-system web usage u.s. search engine usage u.s. social-media referral traffic u.s. mobile wireless service","connectionCount":15},{"id":"report:international-LVA","kind":"report","label":"Latvia Competition Policy Evidence Brief","shortLabel":"LVA policy brief","description":"PMR at 2023-01-01 and reported authority activity for 2015-2024.","href":"/research/international/lva","metricLabel":"Published measures","metricValue":"17","detail":"AR-ICP-2026-36 / Joined evidence","status":"current international brief","year":2026,"color":"#6366f1","searchText":"lva latvia ar-icp-2026-36 joined joined evidence pmr at 2023-01-01 and reported authority activity for 2015-2024. product market regulation pmr competition trends merger control authority activity","connectionCount":5},{"id":"report:international-LTU","kind":"report","label":"Lithuania Competition Policy Evidence Brief","shortLabel":"LTU policy brief","description":"PMR at 2023-01-01 and reported authority activity for 2015-2024.","href":"/research/international/ltu","metricLabel":"Published measures","metricValue":"17","detail":"AR-ICP-2026-37 / Joined evidence","status":"current international brief","year":2026,"color":"#6366f1","searchText":"ltu lithuania ar-icp-2026-37 joined joined evidence pmr at 2023-01-01 and reported authority activity for 2015-2024. product market regulation pmr competition trends merger control authority activity","connectionCount":5},{"id":"report:international-LUX","kind":"report","label":"Luxembourg Competition Policy Evidence Brief","shortLabel":"LUX policy brief","description":"PMR at 2023-01-01; no Competition Trends economy packet.","href":"/research/international/lux","metricLabel":"Published measures","metricValue":"9","detail":"AR-ICP-2026-38 / Regulation only","status":"current international brief","year":2026,"color":"#6366f1","searchText":"lux luxembourg ar-icp-2026-38 pmr-only regulation only pmr at 2023-01-01; no competition trends economy packet. product market regulation pmr","connectionCount":3},{"id":"report:international-MLT","kind":"report","label":"Malta Competition Policy Evidence Brief","shortLabel":"MLT policy brief","description":"PMR at 2024-01-01 and reported authority activity for 2015-2024.","href":"/research/international/mlt","metricLabel":"Published measures","metricValue":"17","detail":"AR-ICP-2026-39 / Joined evidence","status":"current international brief","year":2026,"color":"#6366f1","searchText":"mlt malta ar-icp-2026-39 joined joined evidence pmr at 2024-01-01 and reported authority activity for 2015-2024. product market regulation pmr competition trends merger control authority activity","connectionCount":5},{"id":"report:international-MUS","kind":"report","label":"Mauritius Competition Policy Evidence Brief","shortLabel":"MUS policy brief","description":"Reported authority activity for 2015-2024; no PMR packet.","href":"/research/international/mus","metricLabel":"Published measures","metricValue":"8","detail":"AR-ICP-2026-40 / Enforcement only","status":"current international brief","year":2026,"color":"#6366f1","searchText":"mus mauritius ar-icp-2026-40 enforcement-only enforcement only reported authority activity for 2015-2024; no pmr packet. competition trends merger control authority activity","connectionCount":3},{"id":"report:international-MEX","kind":"report","label":"Mexico Competition Policy Evidence Brief","shortLabel":"MEX policy brief","description":"PMR at 2023-01-01 and reported authority activity for 2015-2024.","href":"/research/international/mex","metricLabel":"Published measures","metricValue":"17","detail":"AR-ICP-2026-41 / Joined evidence","status":"current international brief","year":2026,"color":"#6366f1","searchText":"mex mexico ar-icp-2026-41 joined joined evidence pmr at 2023-01-01 and reported authority activity for 2015-2024. product market regulation pmr competition trends merger control authority activity","connectionCount":5},{"id":"report:international-MDA","kind":"report","label":"Moldova Competition Policy Evidence Brief","shortLabel":"MDA policy brief","description":"PMR at 2025-01-01; no Competition Trends economy packet.","href":"/research/international/mda","metricLabel":"Published measures","metricValue":"9","detail":"AR-ICP-2026-42 / Regulation only","status":"current international brief","year":2026,"color":"#6366f1","searchText":"mda moldova ar-icp-2026-42 pmr-only regulation only pmr at 2025-01-01; no competition trends economy packet. product market regulation pmr","connectionCount":3},{"id":"report:international-MAR","kind":"report","label":"Morocco Competition Policy Evidence Brief","shortLabel":"MAR policy brief","description":"PMR at 2024-01-01; no Competition Trends economy packet.","href":"/research/international/mar","metricLabel":"Published measures","metricValue":"9","detail":"AR-ICP-2026-43 / Regulation only","status":"current international brief","year":2026,"color":"#6366f1","searchText":"mar morocco ar-icp-2026-43 pmr-only regulation only pmr at 2024-01-01; no competition trends economy packet. product market regulation pmr","connectionCount":3},{"id":"report:insight-fixed-broadband-scale-divergence","kind":"report","label":"National fixed-broadband HHI rose while three geographic medians fell.","shortLabel":"Broadband scales","description":"One FCC release provides a useful scale comparison, but the national value and medians of area-level HHIs remain different summary statistics. The state, county, and tract rows are medians of separate area HHIs, not components that average to the national HHI. Reporting geographies are screening units, not presumed legal broadband markets.","href":"/insights/fixed-broadband-scale-divergence-2024","metricLabel":"Exact signals","metricValue":"4","detail":"AR-CI-2026-05 / Focused note","status":"current insight","year":2026,"color":"#6366f1","searchText":"national fixed-broadband hhi rose while three geographic medians fell. broadband scales one fcc release provides a useful scale comparison, but the national value and medians of area-level hhis remain different summary statistics. broadband geographies focused note ar-ci-2026-05 the national connection-share summary moved higher. united states moved from hhi 1,195 in dec 2023 to 1,501 in dec 2024 (+306 hhi points). all three published area medians moved lower. median state moved from hhi 2,994 in dec 2023 to 2,937 in dec 2024 (-57 hhi points). median county moved from hhi 5,356 in dec 2023 to 4,599 in dec 2024 (-757 hhi points). median census tract moved from hhi 5,859 in dec 2023 to 5,504 in dec 2024 (-355 hhi points). the apparent divergence is a research question, not a contradiction. national concentration and the median of local concentration distributions can move differently when provider shares, coverage, entry, technology, or the distribution of area-level values changes. the release does not by itself identify which mechanism dominates. median census tract residential fixed broadband tract median median county residential fixed broadband county median median state residential fixed broadband state median u.s. fixed broadband connections residential fixed broadband national hhi","connectionCount":2},{"id":"report:international-NLD","kind":"report","label":"Netherlands Competition Policy Evidence Brief","shortLabel":"NLD policy brief","description":"PMR at 2024-01-01 and reported authority activity for 2015-2024.","href":"/research/international/nld","metricLabel":"Published measures","metricValue":"17","detail":"AR-ICP-2026-44 / Joined evidence","status":"current international brief","year":2026,"color":"#6366f1","searchText":"nld netherlands ar-icp-2026-44 joined joined evidence pmr at 2024-01-01 and reported authority activity for 2015-2024. product market regulation pmr competition trends merger control authority activity","connectionCount":5},{"id":"report:international-NZL","kind":"report","label":"New Zealand Competition Policy Evidence Brief","shortLabel":"NZL policy brief","description":"PMR at 2023-01-01 and reported authority activity for 2015-2024.","href":"/research/international/nzl","metricLabel":"Published measures","metricValue":"17","detail":"AR-ICP-2026-45 / Joined evidence","status":"current international brief","year":2026,"color":"#6366f1","searchText":"nzl new zealand ar-icp-2026-45 joined joined evidence pmr at 2023-01-01 and reported authority activity for 2015-2024. product market regulation pmr competition trends merger control authority activity","connectionCount":5},{"id":"report:international-NOR","kind":"report","label":"Norway Competition Policy Evidence Brief","shortLabel":"NOR policy brief","description":"PMR at 2023-01-01 and reported authority activity for 2015-2024.","href":"/research/international/nor","metricLabel":"Published measures","metricValue":"17","detail":"AR-ICP-2026-46 / Joined evidence","status":"current international brief","year":2026,"color":"#6366f1","searchText":"nor norway ar-icp-2026-46 joined joined evidence pmr at 2023-01-01 and reported authority activity for 2015-2024. product market regulation pmr competition trends merger control authority activity","connectionCount":5},{"id":"report:international-PAN","kind":"report","label":"Panama Competition Policy Evidence Brief","shortLabel":"PAN policy brief","description":"Reported authority activity for 2015-2024; no PMR packet.","href":"/research/international/pan","metricLabel":"Published measures","metricValue":"8","detail":"AR-ICP-2026-47 / Enforcement only","status":"current international brief","year":2026,"color":"#6366f1","searchText":"pan panama ar-icp-2026-47 enforcement-only enforcement only reported authority activity for 2015-2024; no pmr packet. competition trends merger control authority activity","connectionCount":3},{"id":"report:international-PRY","kind":"report","label":"Paraguay Competition Policy Evidence Brief","shortLabel":"PRY policy brief","description":"Reported authority activity for 2015-2024; no PMR packet.","href":"/research/international/pry","metricLabel":"Published measures","metricValue":"8","detail":"AR-ICP-2026-48 / Enforcement only","status":"current international brief","year":2026,"color":"#6366f1","searchText":"pry paraguay ar-icp-2026-48 enforcement-only enforcement only reported authority activity for 2015-2024; no pmr packet. competition trends merger control authority activity","connectionCount":3},{"id":"report:international-PER","kind":"report","label":"Peru Competition Policy Evidence Brief","shortLabel":"PER policy brief","description":"PMR at 2024-01-01 and reported authority activity for 2015-2024.","href":"/research/international/per","metricLabel":"Published measures","metricValue":"17","detail":"AR-ICP-2026-49 / Joined evidence","status":"current international brief","year":2026,"color":"#6366f1","searchText":"per peru ar-icp-2026-49 joined joined evidence pmr at 2024-01-01 and reported authority activity for 2015-2024. product market regulation pmr competition trends merger control authority activity","connectionCount":5},{"id":"report:international-POL","kind":"report","label":"Poland Competition Policy Evidence Brief","shortLabel":"POL policy brief","description":"PMR at 2023-01-01 and reported authority activity for 2015-2024.","href":"/research/international/pol","metricLabel":"Published measures","metricValue":"17","detail":"AR-ICP-2026-50 / Joined evidence","status":"current international brief","year":2026,"color":"#6366f1","searchText":"pol poland ar-icp-2026-50 joined joined evidence pmr at 2023-01-01 and reported authority activity for 2015-2024. product market regulation pmr competition trends merger control authority activity","connectionCount":5},{"id":"report:international-PRT","kind":"report","label":"Portugal Competition Policy Evidence Brief","shortLabel":"PRT policy brief","description":"PMR at 2023-01-01 and reported authority activity for 2015-2024.","href":"/research/international/prt","metricLabel":"Published measures","metricValue":"17","detail":"AR-ICP-2026-51 / Joined evidence","status":"current international brief","year":2026,"color":"#6366f1","searchText":"prt portugal ar-icp-2026-51 joined joined evidence pmr at 2023-01-01 and reported authority activity for 2015-2024. product market regulation pmr competition trends merger control authority activity","connectionCount":5},{"id":"report:insight-merger-review-pipeline","kind":"report","label":"Reported HSR volume and the Second Request rate both moved lower in FY2025.","shortLabel":"Merger review","description":"Two federal program measures preserve their fiscal-year denominator and procedural meaning without converting review activity into a judgment about transactions or agency performance. HSR transaction counts and Second Request rates describe a federal notification and review pipeline. They do not measure merger harm, deterrence, legal merit, agency quality, or competitive outcomes.","href":"/insights/federal-merger-review-pipeline-fy2025","metricLabel":"Exact signals","metricValue":"2","detail":"AR-CI-2026-07 / Domain readout","status":"current insight","year":2026,"color":"#6366f1","searchText":"reported hsr volume and the second request rate both moved lower in fy2025. merger review two federal program measures preserve their fiscal-year denominator and procedural meaning without converting review activity into a judgment about transactions or agency performance. federal merger activity domain readout ar-ci-2026-07 reported transaction volume edged lower. reported hsr transactions moved from 2,031 in fy2024 to 2,006 in fy2025 (-25 transactions). the second request rate also moved lower. second request rate moved from 3.0% in fy2024 to 2.1% in fy2025 (-0.90 percentage points). the two declines do not explain one another. transaction volume and the share receiving second requests have separate numerators, denominators, and possible drivers. transaction mix, thresholds, exemptions, clearance, and agency allocation remain necessary context. hart-scott-rodino program second request rate hart-scott-rodino program reported hsr transactions","connectionCount":2},{"id":"report:international-ROU","kind":"report","label":"Romania Competition Policy Evidence Brief","shortLabel":"ROU policy brief","description":"PMR at 2025-01-01 and reported authority activity for 2015-2024.","href":"/research/international/rou","metricLabel":"Published measures","metricValue":"17","detail":"AR-ICP-2026-52 / Joined evidence","status":"current international brief","year":2026,"color":"#6366f1","searchText":"rou romania ar-icp-2026-52 joined joined evidence pmr at 2025-01-01 and reported authority activity for 2015-2024. product market regulation pmr competition trends merger control authority 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activity","connectionCount":5},{"id":"report:international-SVN","kind":"report","label":"Slovenia Competition Policy Evidence Brief","shortLabel":"SVN policy brief","description":"PMR at 2023-01-01 and reported authority activity for 2015-2024.","href":"/research/international/svn","metricLabel":"Published measures","metricValue":"17","detail":"AR-ICP-2026-56 / Joined evidence","status":"current international brief","year":2026,"color":"#6366f1","searchText":"svn slovenia ar-icp-2026-56 joined joined evidence pmr at 2023-01-01 and reported authority activity for 2015-2024. product market regulation pmr competition trends merger control authority activity","connectionCount":5},{"id":"report:international-ZAF","kind":"report","label":"South Africa Competition Policy Evidence Brief","shortLabel":"ZAF policy brief","description":"PMR at 2023-01-01; no Competition Trends economy packet.","href":"/research/international/zaf","metricLabel":"Published 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activity","connectionCount":5},{"id":"report:rep-state-banking-structure","kind":"report","label":"State Banking Structure, 2015-2025","shortLabel":"State Banking Structure...","description":"A source-backed research brief on eleven annual FDIC statewide branch-deposit screens, the changing geography beneath stable national aggregates, and the limits of statewide concentration measures.","href":"/reports/state-banking-structure-2015-2025","metricLabel":"Evidence sources","metricValue":"1","detail":"0 linked markets","status":"published","year":2026,"color":"#6366f1","searchText":"state banking structure, 2015-2025 stable national concentration can coexist with large state-level shifts a source-backed research brief on eleven annual fdic statewide branch-deposit screens, the changing geography beneath stable national aggregates, and the limits of statewide concentration measures. shows how a nearly unchanged national hhi can coexist with large state-level movements, classification turnover, and declining branch and organization counts. fdic annual summary of deposits branch records for 2015-2025, independently grouped to the reported top bank holding company when available and otherwise to the insured institution.","connectionCount":3},{"id":"report:rep-state-individual-insurance","kind":"report","label":"State Individual Insurance Concentration, 2024","shortLabel":"State Individual Insura...","description":"A source-backed research brief mapping the 2024 KFF state concentration cross-section for the ACA-regulated individual health insurance market, including HHI, leading-insurer share, rival depth, regional variation, and the public evidence needed for stronger competition analysis.","href":"/reports/state-individual-insurance-concentration-2024","metricLabel":"Evidence sources","metricValue":"1","detail":"1 linked market","status":"published","year":2026,"color":"#6366f1","searchText":"state individual insurance concentration, 2024 highly concentrated readings appear in 36 of 51 jurisdictions a source-backed research brief mapping the 2024 kff state concentration cross-section for the aca-regulated individual health insurance market, including hhi, leading-insurer share, rival depth, regional variation, and the public evidence needed for stronger competition analysis. a 51-jurisdiction kff concentration cross-section showing where high hhi, leading-insurer share, and thin rival depth coincide, with every result bounded to the 2024 aca individual market. kff 2024 individual insurance market competition data for the 50 states and district of columbia, including source-reported hhi, leading-insurer share, and the count of insurers with more than 5 percent of each jurisdiction's aca-regulated individual market.","connectionCount":4},{"id":"report:international-SWE","kind":"report","label":"Sweden Competition Policy Evidence Brief","shortLabel":"SWE policy brief","description":"PMR at 2023-01-01 and reported authority activity for 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table.","connectionCount":2},{"id":"report:rep-us-competition-landscape-2026","kind":"report","label":"The U.S. Competition Landscape","shortLabel":"The U.S. Competition La...","description":"A national briefing that aligns defined-market signals, industry structure, state and local geographic concentration screens, merger activity, and enforcement records without collapsing their different scopes.","href":"/reports/us-competition-landscape-2026","metricLabel":"Evidence sources","metricValue":"14","detail":"8 linked markets","status":"published","year":2026,"color":"#6366f1","searchText":"the u.s. competition landscape state of competition 2026: five evidence systems, no single score a national briefing that aligns defined-market signals, industry structure, state and local geographic concentration screens, merger activity, and enforcement records without collapsing their different scopes. a source-backed state-of-competition briefing across markets, industries, state systems, local 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