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The ruling does not by itself establish a change in the observatory's usage-share HHI series.","sourceId":"doj-google-search-case-2020","sourceUrl":"https://www.justice.gov/atr/case/us-and-plaintiff-states-v-google-llc","confidenceLevel":"bounded","indicatorId":null,"entityCode":null,"observationCount":null,"firstYear":null,"latestYear":null,"preferredView":null,"sourceIds":null,"guardrail":"A related-market edge records the observatory's bounded context for a dated official event; it does not show causal effects on concentration."},{"id":"policy-scope:evt-google-search-remedies-2025:mkt-browser","layer":"enforcement","relationshipType":"policy_scope","relationshipLabel":"Related policy context","fromId":"market:mkt-browser","fromKind":"market","fromLabel":"U.S. browser usage","fromHref":"/markets/us-browser-usage","toId":"policy_record:evt-google-search-remedies-2025","toKind":"policy_record","toLabel":"Court orders search distribution and data-access remedies","toHref":"/enforcement/records/google-search-remedies-2025","evidenceLabel":"U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia / 2025-09-02","evidenceDetail":"The official remedy record reaches search distribution, Chrome, and Gemini. Later market indicators should be monitored separately rather than treated as immediate proof of remedy effects.","sourceId":"doj-google-search-remedies-2025","sourceUrl":"https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/department-justice-wins-significant-remedies-against-google","confidenceLevel":"bounded","indicatorId":null,"entityCode":null,"observationCount":null,"firstYear":null,"latestYear":null,"preferredView":null,"sourceIds":null,"guardrail":"A related-market edge records the observatory's bounded context for a dated official event; it does not show causal effects on concentration."},{"id":"policy-scope:evt-google-search-complaint-2020:mkt-browser","layer":"enforcement","relationshipType":"policy_scope","relationshipLabel":"Related policy context","fromId":"market:mkt-browser","fromKind":"market","fromLabel":"U.S. browser usage","fromHref":"/markets/us-browser-usage","toId":"policy_record:evt-google-search-complaint-2020","toKind":"policy_record","toLabel":"United States files search monopolization complaint against Google","toHref":"/enforcement/records/google-search-complaint-2020","evidenceLabel":"U.S. Department of Justice / 2020-10-20","evidenceDetail":"Starts the federal case chronology for the default and distribution channels connected to the search and browser profiles; it is legal context rather than a concentration observation.","sourceId":"doj-google-search-case-2020","sourceUrl":"https://www.justice.gov/atr/case/us-and-plaintiff-states-v-google-llc","confidenceLevel":"bounded","indicatorId":null,"entityCode":null,"observationCount":null,"firstYear":null,"latestYear":null,"preferredView":null,"sourceIds":null,"guardrail":"A related-market edge records the observatory's bounded context for a dated official event; it does not show causal effects on concentration."},{"id":"policy-scope:evt-airlines-jetblue-spirit-decision-2024:mkt-airlines","layer":"enforcement","relationshipType":"policy_scope","relationshipLabel":"Related policy context","fromId":"market:mkt-airlines","fromKind":"market","fromLabel":"U.S. domestic airline passengers","fromHref":"/markets/us-airline-domestic-passengers","toId":"policy_record:evt-airlines-jetblue-spirit-decision-2024","toKind":"policy_record","toLabel":"Court blocks JetBlue's proposed acquisition of Spirit Airlines","toHref":"/enforcement/records/airlines-jetblue-spirit-decision-2024","evidenceLabel":"U.S. District Court for the District of Massachusetts / 2024-01-16","evidenceDetail":"Records a merger decision involving an ultra-low-cost rival. The current airline-share table remains a separate BTS market observation with its own definition and vintage.","sourceId":"doj-jetblue-spirit-ruling-2024","sourceUrl":"https://www.justice.gov/archives/opa/pr/justice-department-statements-district-court-decision-block-jetblues-acquisition-spirit","confidenceLevel":"bounded","indicatorId":null,"entityCode":null,"observationCount":null,"firstYear":null,"latestYear":null,"preferredView":null,"sourceIds":null,"guardrail":"A related-market edge records the observatory's bounded context for a dated official event; it does not show causal effects on concentration."},{"id":"policy-scope:evt-airlines-competition-inquiry-2024:mkt-airlines","layer":"enforcement","relationshipType":"policy_scope","relationshipLabel":"Related policy context","fromId":"market:mkt-airlines","fromKind":"market","fromLabel":"U.S. domestic airline passengers","fromHref":"/markets/us-airline-domestic-passengers","toId":"policy_record:evt-airlines-competition-inquiry-2024","toKind":"policy_record","toLabel":"DOJ and DOT launch broad inquiry into competition in air travel","toHref":"/enforcement/records/airlines-competition-inquiry-2024","evidenceLabel":"U.S. Department of Justice and U.S. Department of Transportation / 2024-10-24","evidenceDetail":"Defines a public research agenda around the airline profile and identifies questions that cannot be answered by national carrier shares alone.","sourceId":"doj-air-travel-inquiry-2024","sourceUrl":"https://www.justice.gov/archives/opa/pr/justice-department-and-department-transportation-launch-broad-public-inquiry-state","confidenceLevel":"bounded","indicatorId":null,"entityCode":null,"observationCount":null,"firstYear":null,"latestYear":null,"preferredView":null,"sourceIds":null,"guardrail":"A related-market edge records the observatory's bounded context for a dated official event; it does not show causal effects on concentration."},{"id":"policy-scope:evt-google-search-remedies-2025:mkt-ai-chatbot","layer":"enforcement","relationshipType":"policy_scope","relationshipLabel":"Related policy context","fromId":"market:mkt-ai-chatbot","fromKind":"market","fromLabel":"U.S. generative AI assistant usage","fromHref":"/markets/us-ai-assistant-usage","toId":"policy_record:evt-google-search-remedies-2025","toKind":"policy_record","toLabel":"Court orders search distribution and data-access remedies","toHref":"/enforcement/records/google-search-remedies-2025","evidenceLabel":"U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia / 2025-09-02","evidenceDetail":"The official remedy record reaches search distribution, Chrome, and Gemini. Later market indicators should be monitored separately rather than treated as immediate proof of remedy effects.","sourceId":"doj-google-search-remedies-2025","sourceUrl":"https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/department-justice-wins-significant-remedies-against-google","confidenceLevel":"bounded","indicatorId":null,"entityCode":null,"observationCount":null,"firstYear":null,"latestYear":null,"preferredView":null,"sourceIds":null,"guardrail":"A related-market edge records the observatory's bounded context for a dated official event; it does not show causal effects on concentration."},{"id":"policy-scope:evt-ai-partnerships-report-2025:mkt-ai-chatbot","layer":"enforcement","relationshipType":"policy_scope","relationshipLabel":"Related policy context","fromId":"market:mkt-ai-chatbot","fromKind":"market","fromLabel":"U.S. generative AI assistant usage","fromHref":"/markets/us-ai-assistant-usage","toId":"policy_record:evt-ai-partnerships-report-2025","toKind":"policy_record","toLabel":"FTC reports on cloud-provider and generative AI partnerships","toHref":"/enforcement/records/ai-partnerships-report-2025","evidenceLabel":"Federal Trade Commission / 2025-01-17","evidenceDetail":"Adds upstream cloud, input-access, switching-cost, and information-sharing context to the AI usage-share profile; the report studies a broader competitive layer than chatbot usage.","sourceId":"ftc-ai-partnerships-report-2025","sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2025/01/ftc-issues-staff-report-ai-partnerships-investments-study","confidenceLevel":"bounded","indicatorId":null,"entityCode":null,"observationCount":null,"firstYear":null,"latestYear":null,"preferredView":null,"sourceIds":null,"guardrail":"A related-market edge records the observatory's bounded context for a dated official event; it does not show causal effects on concentration."},{"id":"policy-scope:evt-wireless-marketplace-report-2024:mkt-wireless","layer":"enforcement","relationshipType":"policy_scope","relationshipLabel":"Related policy context","fromId":"market:mkt-wireless","fromKind":"market","fromLabel":"U.S. mobile wireless service","fromHref":"/markets/us-mobile-wireless-service","toId":"policy_record:evt-wireless-marketplace-report-2024","toKind":"policy_record","toLabel":"FCC releases 2024 Communications Marketplace Report","toHref":"/enforcement/records/wireless-marketplace-report-2024","evidenceLabel":"Federal Communications Commission / 2024-12-31","evidenceDetail":"Provides the source-reported HHI anchors used by the wireless profile and a monitoring record for post-merger competitive conditions.","sourceId":"fcc-2024-cmr","sourceUrl":"https://docs.fcc.gov/public/attachments/FCC-24-136A1.pdf","confidenceLevel":"bounded","indicatorId":null,"entityCode":null,"observationCount":null,"firstYear":null,"latestYear":null,"preferredView":null,"sourceIds":null,"guardrail":"A related-market edge records the observatory's bounded context for a dated official event; it does not show causal effects on concentration."},{"id":"policy-scope:evt-wireless-merger-settlement-2019:mkt-wireless","layer":"enforcement","relationshipType":"policy_scope","relationshipLabel":"Related policy context","fromId":"market:mkt-wireless","fromKind":"market","fromLabel":"U.S. mobile wireless service","fromHref":"/markets/us-mobile-wireless-service","toId":"policy_record:evt-wireless-merger-settlement-2019","toKind":"policy_record","toLabel":"T-Mobile-Sprint settlement requires divestitures to support wireless entry","toHref":"/enforcement/records/wireless-merger-settlement-2019","evidenceLabel":"U.S. Department of Justice / 2019-07-26","evidenceDetail":"Creates a policy anchor for the post-merger market structure. Later FCC HHI observations can be compared in time, but the observatory does not infer that the settlement caused a measured HHI change.","sourceId":"doj-tmobile-sprint-settlement-2019","sourceUrl":"https://www.justice.gov/archives/opa/pr/justice-department-settles-t-mobile-and-sprint-their-proposed-merger-requiring-package","confidenceLevel":"bounded","indicatorId":null,"entityCode":null,"observationCount":null,"firstYear":null,"latestYear":null,"preferredView":null,"sourceIds":null,"guardrail":"A related-market edge records the observatory's bounded context for a dated official event; it does not show causal effects on concentration."},{"id":"policy-scope:evt-pbm-caremark-settlement-2026:mkt-pbm","layer":"enforcement","relationshipType":"policy_scope","relationshipLabel":"Related policy context","fromId":"market:mkt-pbm","fromKind":"market","fromLabel":"U.S. pharmacy benefit management","fromHref":"/markets/us-pharmacy-benefit-management","toId":"policy_record:evt-pbm-caremark-settlement-2026","toKind":"policy_record","toLabel":"FTC announces proposed consent agreement with Caremark","toHref":"/enforcement/records/pbm-caremark-settlement-2026","evidenceLabel":"Federal Trade Commission / 2026-07-14","evidenceDetail":"Records announced remedy terms in the pending administrative matter. The filing does not establish realized savings, changes in PBM market structure, or a basis for calculating the withheld market HHI.","sourceId":"ftc-caremark-settlement-2026","sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2026/07/ftc-secures-major-settlement-caremark-resolving-antitrust-case-against-second-drug-middleman","confidenceLevel":"bounded","indicatorId":null,"entityCode":null,"observationCount":null,"firstYear":null,"latestYear":null,"preferredView":null,"sourceIds":null,"guardrail":"A related-market edge records the observatory's bounded context for a dated official event; it does not show causal effects on concentration."},{"id":"policy-scope:evt-pbm-express-scripts-settlement-2026:mkt-pbm","layer":"enforcement","relationshipType":"policy_scope","relationshipLabel":"Related policy context","fromId":"market:mkt-pbm","fromKind":"market","fromLabel":"U.S. pharmacy benefit management","fromHref":"/markets/us-pharmacy-benefit-management","toId":"policy_record:evt-pbm-express-scripts-settlement-2026","toKind":"policy_record","toLabel":"FTC announces proposed consent agreement with Express Scripts","toHref":"/enforcement/records/pbm-express-scripts-settlement-2026","evidenceLabel":"Federal Trade Commission / 2026-02-04","evidenceDetail":"Records announced remedy terms in the pending administrative matter. The filing does not establish realized savings, changes in PBM market structure, or a basis for calculating the withheld market HHI.","sourceId":"ftc-express-scripts-settlement-2026","sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2026/02/ftc-secures-landmark-settlement-express-scripts-lower-drug-costs-american-patients","confidenceLevel":"bounded","indicatorId":null,"entityCode":null,"observationCount":null,"firstYear":null,"latestYear":null,"preferredView":null,"sourceIds":null,"guardrail":"A related-market edge records the observatory's bounded context for a dated official event; it does not show causal effects on concentration."},{"id":"policy-scope:evt-pbm-insulin-complaint-2024:mkt-pbm","layer":"enforcement","relationshipType":"policy_scope","relationshipLabel":"Related policy context","fromId":"market:mkt-pbm","fromKind":"market","fromLabel":"U.S. pharmacy benefit management","fromHref":"/markets/us-pharmacy-benefit-management","toId":"policy_record:evt-pbm-insulin-complaint-2024","toKind":"policy_record","toLabel":"FTC files administrative complaint against the three largest PBMs","toHref":"/enforcement/records/pbm-insulin-complaint-2024","evidenceLabel":"Federal Trade Commission / 2024-09-20","evidenceDetail":"Adds alleged conduct and patient-harm context to the PBM profile. The allegations remain distinct from the descriptive concentration evidence and do not supply missing individual shares.","sourceId":"ftc-pbm-insulin-complaint-2024","sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2024/09/ftc-sues-prescription-drug-middlemen-artificially-inflating-insulin-drug-prices","confidenceLevel":"bounded","indicatorId":null,"entityCode":null,"observationCount":null,"firstYear":null,"latestYear":null,"preferredView":null,"sourceIds":null,"guardrail":"A related-market edge records the observatory's bounded context for a dated official event; it does not show causal effects on concentration."},{"id":"policy-scope:evt-pbm-interim-report-2024:mkt-pbm","layer":"enforcement","relationshipType":"policy_scope","relationshipLabel":"Related policy context","fromId":"market:mkt-pbm","fromKind":"market","fromLabel":"U.S. pharmacy benefit management","fromHref":"/markets/us-pharmacy-benefit-management","toId":"policy_record:evt-pbm-interim-report-2024","toKind":"policy_record","toLabel":"FTC releases interim staff report on prescription drug middlemen","toHref":"/enforcement/records/pbm-interim-report-2024","evidenceLabel":"Federal Trade Commission / 2024-07-09","evidenceDetail":"Supplies top-three and top-six concentration facts while leaving individual firm shares unavailable; Antitrust Radar therefore continues to withhold HHI.","sourceId":"ftc-pbm-interim-2024","sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2024/07/ftc-releases-interim-staff-report-prescription-drug-middlemen","confidenceLevel":"bounded","indicatorId":null,"entityCode":null,"observationCount":null,"firstYear":null,"latestYear":null,"preferredView":null,"sourceIds":null,"guardrail":"A related-market edge records the observatory's bounded context for a dated official event; it does not show causal effects on concentration."},{"id":"policy-scope:evt-realpage-complaint-2024:mkt-housing","layer":"enforcement","relationshipType":"policy_scope","relationshipLabel":"Related policy context","fromId":"market:mkt-housing","fromKind":"market","fromLabel":"U.S. rental housing access","fromHref":"/markets/us-rental-housing-access","toId":"policy_record:evt-realpage-complaint-2024","toKind":"policy_record","toLabel":"DOJ and states sue RealPage over rental pricing practices","toHref":"/enforcement/records/realpage-complaint-2024","evidenceLabel":"U.S. Department of Justice / 2024-08-23","evidenceDetail":"Adds a conduct case to the rental housing evidence route without implying a national rental-market HHI; relevant competitive effects remain local and fact specific.","sourceId":"doj-realpage-case-2024","sourceUrl":"https://www.justice.gov/atr/case/us-and-plaintiff-states-v-realpage-inc","confidenceLevel":"bounded","indicatorId":null,"entityCode":null,"observationCount":null,"firstYear":null,"latestYear":null,"preferredView":null,"sourceIds":null,"guardrail":"A related-market edge records the observatory's bounded context for a dated official event; it does not show causal effects on concentration."},{"id":"policy-scope:evt-realpage-proposed-settlement-2025:mkt-housing","layer":"enforcement","relationshipType":"policy_scope","relationshipLabel":"Related policy context","fromId":"market:mkt-housing","fromKind":"market","fromLabel":"U.S. rental housing access","fromHref":"/markets/us-rental-housing-access","toId":"policy_record:evt-realpage-proposed-settlement-2025","toKind":"policy_record","toLabel":"DOJ files proposed settlement with RealPage","toHref":"/enforcement/records/realpage-proposed-settlement-2025","evidenceLabel":"U.S. Department of Justice / 2025-11-24","evidenceDetail":"Records the proposed remedy path. Any effect on local rents or market structure requires later outcome evidence and should not be inferred from the filing alone.","sourceId":"doj-realpage-settlement-2025","sourceUrl":"https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/justice-department-requires-realpage-end-sharing-competitively-sensitive-information-and","confidenceLevel":"bounded","indicatorId":null,"entityCode":null,"observationCount":null,"firstYear":null,"latestYear":null,"preferredView":null,"sourceIds":null,"guardrail":"A related-market edge records the observatory's bounded context for a dated official event; it does not show causal effects on concentration."},{"id":"policy-scope:evt-google-search-liability-2024:mkt-search","layer":"enforcement","relationshipType":"policy_scope","relationshipLabel":"Related policy context","fromId":"market:mkt-search","fromKind":"market","fromLabel":"U.S. search engine usage","fromHref":"/markets/us-search-engine-usage","toId":"policy_record:evt-google-search-liability-2024","toKind":"policy_record","toLabel":"Court finds Google liable for unlawful search monopoly maintenance","toHref":"/enforcement/records/google-search-liability-2024","evidenceLabel":"U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia / 2024-08-05","evidenceDetail":"Marks the liability decision before the remedies phase. The ruling does not by itself establish a change in the observatory's usage-share HHI series.","sourceId":"doj-google-search-case-2020","sourceUrl":"https://www.justice.gov/atr/case/us-and-plaintiff-states-v-google-llc","confidenceLevel":"bounded","indicatorId":null,"entityCode":null,"observationCount":null,"firstYear":null,"latestYear":null,"preferredView":null,"sourceIds":null,"guardrail":"A related-market edge records the observatory's bounded context for a dated official event; it does not show causal effects on concentration."},{"id":"policy-scope:evt-google-search-remedies-2025:mkt-search","layer":"enforcement","relationshipType":"policy_scope","relationshipLabel":"Related policy context","fromId":"market:mkt-search","fromKind":"market","fromLabel":"U.S. search engine usage","fromHref":"/markets/us-search-engine-usage","toId":"policy_record:evt-google-search-remedies-2025","toKind":"policy_record","toLabel":"Court orders search distribution and data-access remedies","toHref":"/enforcement/records/google-search-remedies-2025","evidenceLabel":"U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia / 2025-09-02","evidenceDetail":"The official remedy record reaches search distribution, Chrome, and Gemini. Later market indicators should be monitored separately rather than treated as immediate proof of remedy effects.","sourceId":"doj-google-search-remedies-2025","sourceUrl":"https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/department-justice-wins-significant-remedies-against-google","confidenceLevel":"bounded","indicatorId":null,"entityCode":null,"observationCount":null,"firstYear":null,"latestYear":null,"preferredView":null,"sourceIds":null,"guardrail":"A related-market edge records the observatory's bounded context for a dated official event; it does not show causal effects on concentration."},{"id":"policy-scope:evt-google-search-complaint-2020:mkt-search","layer":"enforcement","relationshipType":"policy_scope","relationshipLabel":"Related policy context","fromId":"market:mkt-search","fromKind":"market","fromLabel":"U.S. search engine usage","fromHref":"/markets/us-search-engine-usage","toId":"policy_record:evt-google-search-complaint-2020","toKind":"policy_record","toLabel":"United States files search monopolization complaint against Google","toHref":"/enforcement/records/google-search-complaint-2020","evidenceLabel":"U.S. Department of Justice / 2020-10-20","evidenceDetail":"Starts the federal case chronology for the default and distribution channels connected to the search and browser profiles; it is legal context rather than a concentration observation.","sourceId":"doj-google-search-case-2020","sourceUrl":"https://www.justice.gov/atr/case/us-and-plaintiff-states-v-google-llc","confidenceLevel":"bounded","indicatorId":null,"entityCode":null,"observationCount":null,"firstYear":null,"latestYear":null,"preferredView":null,"sourceIds":null,"guardrail":"A related-market edge records the observatory's bounded context for a dated official event; it does not show causal effects on concentration."}]}