{"license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","dataset":"atlas","updatedThrough":"2026-08-15","guardrail":"The atlas exposes only relationships declared in the current public data. 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how does concentration vary across economic areas, states, counties, census tracts, service tiers, and consumer segments behind the published summaries? which provider-level shares, spectrum, wholesale access, switching, deployment, price, quality, and network-investment records explain entry conditions over time? what evidence distinguishes merger remedies, deployment programs, and regulatory changes from durable competitive outcomes? u.s. mobile wireless service wireless service telecommunications u.s. residential fixed broadband access fixed broadband telecommunications","connectionCount":4},{"id":"issue:digital-gateways","kind":"issue","label":"Digital platform gateways","shortLabel":"Digital gateways","description":"How do defaults, distribution agreements, data access, and adjacent-platform positions shape entry across separately measured digital systems?","href":"/issues/digital-platform-gateways","metricLabel":"Bounded markets","metricValue":"5","detail":"5 separately defined markets / editorial research program","status":"issue program","year":2026,"color":"#c026d3","searchText":"digital platform gateways digital gateways defaults, distribution, and adjacent platforms search, browsers, mobile operating systems, social referrals, and generative ai assistants are tracked as separate usage-share proxies while the issue program follows their declared product, operator, and official-record links. how do defaults, distribution agreements, data access, and adjacent-platform positions shape entry across separately measured digital systems? which distribution agreements and default placements affect switching at each gateway? where do data, compute, interoperability, or access conditions constrain entry without assuming the same mechanism across products? which firm-level and user-level records can separate usage movement from changes in product quality, availability, or measurement? u.s. search engine usage search engines digital platforms u.s. browser usage browsers software u.s. generative ai assistant usage ai assistants digital platforms u.s. mobile operating-system web usage mobile operating systems digital platforms u.s. social-media referral traffic social referrals digital platforms","connectionCount":8},{"id":"issue:food-buyer-power","kind":"issue","label":"Food systems and buyer power","shortLabel":"Food buyer power","description":"How does buyer concentration in regional cattle procurement affect producer options, contract terms, and supply-chain resilience?","href":"/issues/food-systems-and-buyer-power","metricLabel":"Bounded markets","metricValue":"1","detail":"1 separately defined market / editorial research program","status":"issue program","year":2019,"color":"#c026d3","searchText":"food systems and buyer power food buyer power procurement options, regional boundaries, and resilience the program follows the usda national beef-packer cr4 series into a buyer-power research frame while preserving the need for regional procurement markets and firm-level evidence. how does buyer concentration in regional cattle procurement affect producer options, contract terms, and supply-chain resilience? which plant-level purchases, procurement distances, capacity, contracts, and prices define regional buyer alternatives? how do entry, exit, outages, captive supply, and transportation costs change producer bargaining options? which firm-level records can disaggregate the national cr4 without inferring equal shares among the four largest buyers? u.s. steer and heifer purchases by beef packers beef meatpacking food and agriculture","connectionCount":4},{"id":"issue:health-care-intermediaries","kind":"issue","label":"Health care intermediaries","shortLabel":"Health intermediaries","description":"How do insurer structure, PBM contracting, rebate, formulary, network, and organizational relationships affect competition and patient access across separately measured health-care systems?","href":"/issues/health-care-intermediaries","metricLabel":"Bounded markets","metricValue":"2","detail":"2 separately defined markets / editorial research program","status":"issue program","year":2024,"color":"#c026d3","searchText":"health care intermediaries health intermediaries insurance, pbm contracting, access, and public-data gaps the program connects the 2024 kff state individual-insurance concentration cross-section to separately bounded public pbm facts, named official records, source limits, and evidence requests without treating payer and prescription-intermediary systems as one market. how do insurer structure, pbm contracting, rebate, formulary, network, and organizational relationships affect competition and patient access across separately measured health-care systems? which comparable state insurer enrollment, claims, prescription, rebate, and network records can establish firm-level structure under stable ownership identifiers? how do plan entry, insurer structure, contracting, formulary, and network practices differ across payer, pharmacy, patient, and geographic segments? which ownership and control relationships are supported by exact filings rather than name similarity or market context? u.s. pharmacy benefit management pbms health care u.s. aca individual health insurance individual insurance health insurance","connectionCount":4},{"id":"issue:housing-access","kind":"issue","label":"Housing access and local power","shortLabel":"Housing access","description":"Which local ownership, pricing, supply, and platform records can identify where renters face weakened competitive choice?","href":"/issues/housing-access-and-local-power","metricLabel":"Bounded markets","metricValue":"1","detail":"1 separately defined market / editorial research program","status":"issue program","year":2026,"color":"#c026d3","searchText":"housing access and local power housing access ownership, pricing systems, supply, and place the program joins national housing-access evidence to selected ownership and official-record context while keeping the underlying competition problem local. which local ownership, pricing, supply, and platform records can identify where renters face weakened competitive choice? 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which route-pair, airport, schedule, fare, capacity, and entry records define competitive alternatives for travelers? how do slot, gate, loyalty, and network constraints differ across airports and traveler segments? which before-and-after records can evaluate transactions or remedies without attributing every observed change to one event? u.s. domestic airline passengers domestic airlines transportation","connectionCount":4},{"id":"market:mkt-individual-insurance","kind":"market","label":"U.S. ACA individual health insurance","shortLabel":"Individual insurance","description":"Individual health-insurance concentration using KFF's 2024 source-reported national and state measures for the ACA-regulated individual market. 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The series is a public web-usage proxy rather than device sales, installed base, app-store activity, or operating-system revenue.","href":"/markets/us-mobile-operating-system-usage","metricLabel":"Latest HHI","metricValue":"5,337","detail":"United States / 2026","status":"estimated_public","year":2026,"color":"#14b8a6","searchText":"u.s. mobile operating-system web usage mobile operating systems digital platforms united states mobile operating-system concentration based on the operating systems detected in u.s. mobile page views measured by statcounter in april 2023-april 2026. the series is a public web-usage proxy rather than device sales, installed base, app-store activity, or operating-system revenue.","connectionCount":18},{"id":"market:mkt-wireless","kind":"market","label":"U.S. mobile wireless service","shortLabel":"Wireless service","description":"Mobile wireless service competition using FCC-reported weighted average HHI by economic area. Firm-level shares are not shown because the FCC report publishes the concentration metric rather than a full public carrier share table.","href":"/markets/us-mobile-wireless-service","metricLabel":"Latest HHI","metricValue":"3,550","detail":"United States / 2023","status":"verified","year":2023,"color":"#14b8a6","searchText":"u.s. mobile wireless service wireless service telecommunications united states mobile wireless service competition using fcc-reported weighted average hhi by economic area. firm-level shares are not shown because the fcc report publishes the concentration metric rather than a full public carrier share table.","connectionCount":10},{"id":"market:mkt-pbm","kind":"market","label":"U.S. pharmacy benefit management","shortLabel":"PBMs","description":"Pharmacy benefit management services profile based on FTC public findings. 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HHI is withheld because housing competition is local and the public record does not provide firm-level rental market shares across comparable local markets.","href":"/markets/us-rental-housing-access","metricLabel":"HHI status","metricValue":"Withheld","detail":"United States / local housing markets / 2026","status":"incomplete","year":2026,"color":"#14b8a6","searchText":"u.s. rental housing access rental housing real estate united states / local housing markets rental housing access profile combining national affordability and supply stress with selected public evidence on institutional single-family rental ownership. hhi is withheld because housing competition is local and the public record does not provide firm-level rental market shares across comparable local markets.","connectionCount":11},{"id":"market:mkt-fixed-broadband","kind":"market","label":"U.S. residential fixed broadband access","shortLabel":"Fixed broadband","description":"Residential fixed-internet competition using FCC-reported HHI for connections of at least 100 Mbps downstream and 20 Mbps upstream. The profile publishes annual December national anchors and links to the same-source state, county, and census-tract median series without treating those geographic summaries as one market.","href":"/markets/us-fixed-broadband-access","metricLabel":"Latest HHI","metricValue":"1,501","detail":"United States / separately reported state, county, and census-tract summaries / 2024","status":"verified","year":2024,"color":"#14b8a6","searchText":"u.s. residential fixed broadband access fixed broadband telecommunications united states / separately reported state, county, and census-tract summaries residential fixed-internet competition using fcc-reported hhi for connections of at least 100 mbps downstream and 20 mbps upstream. the profile publishes annual december national anchors and links to the same-source state, county, and census-tract median series without treating those geographic summaries as one market.","connectionCount":7},{"id":"market:mkt-search","kind":"market","label":"U.S. search engine usage","shortLabel":"Search engines","description":"All-platform U.S. search engine usage share from StatCounter Global Stats for April 2026. The market is an observed usage-share proxy, not search advertising revenue.","href":"/markets/us-search-engine-usage","metricLabel":"Latest HHI","metricValue":"7,359","detail":"United States / 2026","status":"estimated_public","year":2026,"color":"#14b8a6","searchText":"u.s. search engine usage search engines digital platforms united states all-platform u.s. search engine usage share from statcounter global stats for april 2026. the market is an observed usage-share proxy, not search advertising revenue.","connectionCount":21},{"id":"market:mkt-social-referral","kind":"market","label":"U.S. social-media referral traffic","shortLabel":"Social referrals","description":"Social-platform concentration based on U.S. page views referred from social-media sites to StatCounter-tracked websites in April 2023-April 2026. The series measures outbound referral traffic, not platform users, time spent, advertising revenue, engagement, or an antitrust market.","href":"/markets/us-social-media-referral-traffic","metricLabel":"Latest HHI","metricValue":"4,995","detail":"United States / 2026","status":"estimated_public","year":2026,"color":"#14b8a6","searchText":"u.s. social-media referral traffic social referrals digital platforms united states social-platform concentration based on u.s. page views referred from social-media sites to statcounter-tracked websites in april 2023-april 2026. the series measures outbound referral traffic, not platform users, time spent, advertising revenue, engagement, or an antitrust market.","connectionCount":21},{"id":"market:mkt-meatpacking","kind":"market","label":"U.S. steer and heifer purchases by beef packers","shortLabel":"Beef meatpacking","description":"Buyer-side meatpacking concentration using USDA-reported shares of U.S. steer and heifer purchases handled by the four largest beef packers. The profile preserves the national CR4 history but withholds HHI because the public source does not publish individual packer shares.","href":"/markets/us-steer-heifer-meatpacking-purchases","metricLabel":"HHI status","metricValue":"Withheld","detail":"United States / regional cattle procurement markets / 2019","status":"incomplete","year":2019,"color":"#14b8a6","searchText":"u.s. steer and heifer purchases by beef packers beef meatpacking food and agriculture united states / regional cattle procurement markets buyer-side meatpacking concentration using usda-reported shares of u.s. steer and heifer purchases handled by the four largest beef packers. the profile preserves the national cr4 history but withholds hhi because the public source does not publish individual packer shares.","connectionCount":9}],"rows":[{"id":"issue-scope:health-care-intermediaries:mkt-individual-insurance","layer":"research","relationshipType":"issue_scope","relationshipLabel":"Issue program membership","fromId":"issue:health-care-intermediaries","fromKind":"issue","fromLabel":"Health care intermediaries","fromHref":"/issues/health-care-intermediaries","toId":"market:mkt-individual-insurance","toKind":"market","toLabel":"U.S. ACA individual health insurance","toHref":"/markets/us-aca-individual-health-insurance","evidenceLabel":"Competition issue scope contract","evidenceDetail":"U.S. ACA individual health insurance is an explicitly curated member of the Health care intermediaries research program while retaining its own product boundary, geography, denominator, and comparison contract.","sourceId":null,"sourceUrl":null,"confidenceLevel":"bounded","indicatorId":null,"entityCode":null,"observationCount":null,"firstYear":null,"latestYear":null,"preferredView":null,"sourceIds":null,"guardrail":"An editorial issue membership supports research navigation only; it does not combine the member markets, define a broader antitrust market, or establish competitive harm or causation."},{"id":"issue-scope:digital-gateways:mkt-browser","layer":"research","relationshipType":"issue_scope","relationshipLabel":"Issue program membership","fromId":"issue:digital-gateways","fromKind":"issue","fromLabel":"Digital platform gateways","fromHref":"/issues/digital-platform-gateways","toId":"market:mkt-browser","toKind":"market","toLabel":"U.S. browser usage","toHref":"/markets/us-browser-usage","evidenceLabel":"Competition issue scope contract","evidenceDetail":"U.S. browser usage is an explicitly curated member of the Digital platform gateways research program while retaining its own product boundary, geography, denominator, and comparison contract.","sourceId":null,"sourceUrl":null,"confidenceLevel":"bounded","indicatorId":null,"entityCode":null,"observationCount":null,"firstYear":null,"latestYear":null,"preferredView":null,"sourceIds":null,"guardrail":"An editorial issue membership supports research navigation only; it does not combine the member markets, define a broader antitrust market, or establish competitive harm or causation."},{"id":"issue-scope:transportation-networks:mkt-airlines","layer":"research","relationshipType":"issue_scope","relationshipLabel":"Issue program membership","fromId":"issue:transportation-networks","fromKind":"issue","fromLabel":"Transportation networks","fromHref":"/issues/transportation-networks","toId":"market:mkt-airlines","toKind":"market","toLabel":"U.S. domestic airline passengers","toHref":"/markets/us-airline-domestic-passengers","evidenceLabel":"Competition issue scope contract","evidenceDetail":"U.S. domestic airline passengers is an explicitly curated member of the Transportation networks research program while retaining its own product boundary, geography, denominator, and comparison contract.","sourceId":null,"sourceUrl":null,"confidenceLevel":"bounded","indicatorId":null,"entityCode":null,"observationCount":null,"firstYear":null,"latestYear":null,"preferredView":null,"sourceIds":null,"guardrail":"An editorial issue membership supports research navigation only; it does not combine the member markets, define a broader antitrust market, or establish competitive harm or causation."},{"id":"issue-scope:digital-gateways:mkt-ai-chatbot","layer":"research","relationshipType":"issue_scope","relationshipLabel":"Issue program membership","fromId":"issue:digital-gateways","fromKind":"issue","fromLabel":"Digital platform gateways","fromHref":"/issues/digital-platform-gateways","toId":"market:mkt-ai-chatbot","toKind":"market","toLabel":"U.S. generative AI assistant usage","toHref":"/markets/us-ai-assistant-usage","evidenceLabel":"Competition issue scope contract","evidenceDetail":"U.S. generative AI assistant usage is an explicitly curated member of the Digital platform gateways research program while retaining its own product boundary, geography, denominator, and comparison contract.","sourceId":null,"sourceUrl":null,"confidenceLevel":"bounded","indicatorId":null,"entityCode":null,"observationCount":null,"firstYear":null,"latestYear":null,"preferredView":null,"sourceIds":null,"guardrail":"An editorial issue membership supports research navigation only; 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it does not combine the member markets, define a broader antitrust market, or establish competitive harm or causation."},{"id":"issue-scope:digital-gateways:mkt-search","layer":"research","relationshipType":"issue_scope","relationshipLabel":"Issue program membership","fromId":"issue:digital-gateways","fromKind":"issue","fromLabel":"Digital platform gateways","fromHref":"/issues/digital-platform-gateways","toId":"market:mkt-search","toKind":"market","toLabel":"U.S. search engine usage","toHref":"/markets/us-search-engine-usage","evidenceLabel":"Competition issue scope contract","evidenceDetail":"U.S. search engine usage is an explicitly curated member of the Digital platform gateways research program while retaining its own product boundary, geography, denominator, and comparison contract.","sourceId":null,"sourceUrl":null,"confidenceLevel":"bounded","indicatorId":null,"entityCode":null,"observationCount":null,"firstYear":null,"latestYear":null,"preferredView":null,"sourceIds":null,"guardrail":"An editorial issue membership supports research navigation only; it does not combine the member markets, define a broader antitrust market, or establish competitive harm or causation."},{"id":"issue-scope:digital-gateways:mkt-social-referral","layer":"research","relationshipType":"issue_scope","relationshipLabel":"Issue program membership","fromId":"issue:digital-gateways","fromKind":"issue","fromLabel":"Digital platform gateways","fromHref":"/issues/digital-platform-gateways","toId":"market:mkt-social-referral","toKind":"market","toLabel":"U.S. social-media referral traffic","toHref":"/markets/us-social-media-referral-traffic","evidenceLabel":"Competition issue scope contract","evidenceDetail":"U.S. social-media referral traffic is an explicitly curated member of the Digital platform gateways research program while retaining its own product boundary, geography, denominator, and comparison contract.","sourceId":null,"sourceUrl":null,"confidenceLevel":"bounded","indicatorId":null,"entityCode":null,"observationCount":null,"firstYear":null,"latestYear":null,"preferredView":null,"sourceIds":null,"guardrail":"An editorial issue membership supports research navigation only; it does not combine the member markets, define a broader antitrust market, or establish competitive harm or causation."},{"id":"issue-scope:food-buyer-power:mkt-meatpacking","layer":"research","relationshipType":"issue_scope","relationshipLabel":"Issue program membership","fromId":"issue:food-buyer-power","fromKind":"issue","fromLabel":"Food systems and buyer power","fromHref":"/issues/food-systems-and-buyer-power","toId":"market:mkt-meatpacking","toKind":"market","toLabel":"U.S. steer and heifer purchases by beef packers","toHref":"/markets/us-steer-heifer-meatpacking-purchases","evidenceLabel":"Competition issue scope contract","evidenceDetail":"U.S. steer and heifer purchases by beef packers is an explicitly curated member of the Food systems and buyer power research program while retaining its own product boundary, geography, denominator, and comparison contract.","sourceId":null,"sourceUrl":null,"confidenceLevel":"bounded","indicatorId":null,"entityCode":null,"observationCount":null,"firstYear":null,"latestYear":null,"preferredView":null,"sourceIds":null,"guardrail":"An editorial issue membership supports research navigation only; it does not combine the member markets, define a broader antitrust market, or establish competitive harm or causation."}]}