{"license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","dataset":"atlas","updatedThrough":"2026-08-15","guardrail":"The atlas exposes only relationships declared in the current public data. A link or issue grouping does not make unlike measures comparable, establish ownership or control, define an antitrust market, assign liability, or show that a policy event caused an economic outcome.","filters":{"depth":2,"edgeType":"all","edgeTypeMatched":true,"focus":"issue:health-care-intermediaries","focusMatched":true,"kind":"all","kindMatched":true,"layer":"research","layerMatched":true,"query":"","view":"network"},"summary":{"nodeCount":5478,"edgeCount":19193,"sourceCount":45,"profileCount":5433,"nodeKindCount":13,"layerCount":4,"eligibleEdgeCount":547,"matchedNodeCount":36,"plottedEdgeCount":40,"plottedNodeCount":36,"hiddenNodeCount":0,"directNeighborCount":4},"focusNode":{"id":"issue:health-care-intermediaries","kind":"issue","label":"Health care intermediaries","shortLabel":"Health intermediaries","description":"How do insurer structure, PBM contracting, rebate, formulary, network, and organizational relationships affect competition and patient access across separately measured health-care systems?","href":"/issues/health-care-intermediaries","metricLabel":"Bounded markets","metricValue":"2","detail":"2 separately defined markets / editorial research program","status":"issue program","year":2024,"color":"#c026d3","searchText":"health care intermediaries health intermediaries insurance, pbm contracting, access, and public-data gaps the program connects the 2024 kff state individual-insurance concentration cross-section to separately bounded public pbm facts, named official records, source limits, and evidence requests without treating payer and prescription-intermediary systems as one market. how do insurer structure, pbm contracting, rebate, formulary, network, and organizational relationships affect competition and patient access across separately measured health-care systems? which comparable state insurer enrollment, claims, prescription, rebate, and network records can establish firm-level structure under stable ownership identifiers? how do plan entry, insurer structure, contracting, formulary, and network practices differ across payer, pharmacy, patient, and geographic segments? which ownership and control relationships are supported by exact filings rather than name similarity or market context? u.s. pharmacy benefit management pbms health care u.s. aca individual health insurance individual insurance health insurance","connectionCount":4},"nodes":[{"id":"issue:health-care-intermediaries","kind":"issue","label":"Health care intermediaries","shortLabel":"Health intermediaries","description":"How do insurer structure, PBM contracting, rebate, formulary, network, and organizational relationships affect competition and patient access across separately measured health-care systems?","href":"/issues/health-care-intermediaries","metricLabel":"Bounded markets","metricValue":"2","detail":"2 separately defined markets / editorial research program","status":"issue program","year":2024,"color":"#c026d3","searchText":"health care intermediaries health intermediaries insurance, pbm contracting, access, and public-data gaps the program connects the 2024 kff state individual-insurance concentration cross-section to separately bounded public pbm facts, named official records, source limits, and evidence requests without treating payer and prescription-intermediary systems as one market. how do insurer structure, pbm contracting, rebate, formulary, network, and organizational relationships affect competition and patient access across separately measured health-care systems? which comparable state insurer enrollment, claims, prescription, rebate, and network records can establish firm-level structure under stable ownership identifiers? how do plan entry, insurer structure, contracting, formulary, and network practices differ across payer, pharmacy, patient, and geographic segments? which ownership and control relationships are supported by exact filings rather than name similarity or market context? u.s. pharmacy benefit management pbms health care u.s. aca individual health insurance individual insurance health insurance","connectionCount":4,"distance":0,"labelVisible":true,"radius":20,"x":450,"y":260},{"id":"market:mkt-pbm","kind":"market","label":"U.S. pharmacy benefit management","shortLabel":"PBMs","description":"Pharmacy benefit management services profile based on FTC public findings. The FTC reports top-three and top-six aggregate shares but not enough individual PBM market shares in the public press-release record to compute HHI.","href":"/markets/us-pharmacy-benefit-management","metricLabel":"HHI status","metricValue":"Withheld","detail":"United States / 2023","status":"incomplete","year":2023,"color":"#14b8a6","searchText":"u.s. pharmacy benefit management pbms health care united states pharmacy benefit management services profile based on ftc public findings. the ftc reports top-three and top-six aggregate shares but not enough individual pbm market shares in the public press-release record to compute hhi.","connectionCount":10,"x":450,"y":112,"distance":1,"radius":11,"labelVisible":true},{"id":"market:mkt-individual-insurance","kind":"market","label":"U.S. ACA individual health insurance","shortLabel":"Individual insurance","description":"Individual health-insurance concentration using KFF's 2024 source-reported national and state measures for the ACA-regulated individual market. The profile anchors the national HHI and links to 51 separately reported state and District of Columbia screens without extending the evidence to employer insurance, Medicare, Medicaid, or every insurance product.","href":"/markets/us-aca-individual-health-insurance","metricLabel":"Latest HHI","metricValue":"3,650","detail":"United States / separately reported state and District of Columbia markets / 2024","status":"estimated_public","year":2024,"color":"#14b8a6","searchText":"u.s. aca individual health insurance individual insurance health insurance united states / separately reported state and district of columbia markets individual health-insurance concentration using kff's 2024 source-reported national and state measures for the aca-regulated individual market. the profile anchors the national hhi and links to 51 separately reported state and district of columbia screens without extending the evidence to employer insurance, medicare, medicaid, or every insurance product.","connectionCount":6,"x":598,"y":260,"distance":1,"radius":11,"labelVisible":true},{"id":"topic:market-structure","kind":"topic","label":"Market Structure","shortLabel":"Market Structure","description":"Where is market power concentrated, how is structure changing, and which competitive mechanism still needs to be tested?","href":"/research/topics/market-structure","metricLabel":"Publication memberships","metricValue":"9","detail":"AR-T01 / 6 issue programs / 5 evidence lanes","status":"institutional research topic","year":2026,"color":"#ea580c","searchText":"ar-t01 market structure markets where is market power concentrated, how is structure changing, and which competitive mechanism still needs to be tested? connect definition-bound concentration measures, participant shares, historical movement, and public research questions without collapsing unlike markets into one score. a concentration measure is a screen inside its stated product, geography, denominator, and period. it is not by itself proof of market power, harm, causation, liability, or the correct legal market. comparable participant shares, entry and exit, switching, price, quality, capacity, transactions, and stable market-definition records. researchers, journalists, enforcement staff, and public officials ar-sc-2026-01 the u.s. competition landscape ar-mm-2026-01 how hhi helps explain market concentration ar-rb-2026-02 five digital gateways ar-rb-2026-01 beef meatpacking buyer power ar-rb-2026-03 state banking structure, 2015-2025 ar-rb-2026-06 fixed broadband concentration across geographic scales, 2020-2024 ar-rb-2026-07 state individual insurance concentration, 2024 ar-ci-2026-01 latest market-structure signals moved in both directions. ar-ci-2026-02 four digital usage systems traced four different structural paths.","connectionCount":30,"x":450,"y":408,"distance":1,"radius":11,"labelVisible":true},{"id":"topic:methods-public-data","kind":"topic","label":"Methods and Public Data","shortLabel":"Methods and Public Data","description":"What can current public records establish, where do measurement boundaries stop, and which disclosures would make antitrust research more accountable?","href":"/research/topics/methods-public-data","metricLabel":"Publication memberships","metricValue":"3","detail":"AR-T07 / 2 issue programs / 5 evidence lanes","status":"institutional research topic","year":2026,"color":"#ea580c","searchText":"ar-t07 methods and public data methods what can current public records establish, where do measurement boundaries stop, and which disclosures would make antitrust research more accountable? document definitions, denominators, source construction, release clocks, reproducibility paths, and evidence gaps as first-class research outputs. a documented data gap is not evidence of competition or harm. screening thresholds are not legal conclusions, and reproducibility does not make unlike measures comparable. stable identifiers, machine-readable firm shares and ownership, local boundaries, historical revisions, disclosure status, methods documentation, and durable public apis. data publishers, analysts, students, reporters, agencies, and legislators ar-mm-2026-01 how hhi helps explain market concentration ar-dn-2026-01 where public market-share data runs out ar-dn-2026-02 housing competition needs local ownership data","connectionCount":5,"x":302,"y":260,"distance":1,"radius":11,"labelVisible":true},{"id":"issue:digital-gateways","kind":"issue","label":"Digital platform gateways","shortLabel":"Digital gateways","description":"How do defaults, distribution agreements, data access, and adjacent-platform positions shape entry across separately measured digital systems?","href":"/issues/digital-platform-gateways","metricLabel":"Bounded markets","metricValue":"5","detail":"5 separately defined markets / editorial research program","status":"issue program","year":2026,"color":"#c026d3","searchText":"digital platform gateways digital gateways defaults, distribution, and adjacent platforms search, browsers, mobile operating systems, social referrals, and generative ai assistants are tracked as separate usage-share proxies while the issue program follows their declared product, operator, and official-record links. how do defaults, distribution agreements, data access, and adjacent-platform positions shape entry across separately measured digital systems? which distribution agreements and default placements affect switching at each gateway? where do data, compute, interoperability, or access conditions constrain entry without assuming the same mechanism across products? which firm-level and user-level records can separate usage movement from changes in product quality, availability, or measurement? u.s. search engine usage search engines digital platforms u.s. browser usage browsers software u.s. generative ai assistant usage ai assistants digital platforms u.s. mobile operating-system web usage mobile operating systems digital platforms u.s. social-media referral traffic social referrals digital platforms","connectionCount":8,"x":468.874,"y":50.85,"distance":2,"radius":8,"labelVisible":false},{"id":"issue:communications-infrastructure","kind":"issue","label":"Communications infrastructure","shortLabel":"Communications","description":"Where do local communications concentration, network access, switching, and investment constrain rivalry across separately measured wireless and fixed systems?","href":"/issues/communications-infrastructure","metricLabel":"Bounded markets","metricValue":"2","detail":"2 separately defined markets / editorial research program","status":"issue program","year":2024,"color":"#c026d3","searchText":"communications infrastructure communications wireless, fixed access, geography, and entry the program connects two separately bounded fcc concentration systems: mobile wireless hhi weighted across economic areas and fixed-broadband hhi reported nationally and as state, county, and census-tract medians. where do local communications concentration, network access, switching, and investment constrain rivalry across separately measured wireless and fixed systems? how does concentration vary across economic areas, states, counties, census tracts, service tiers, and consumer segments behind the published summaries? which provider-level shares, spectrum, wholesale access, switching, deployment, price, quality, and network-investment records explain entry conditions over time? what evidence distinguishes merger remedies, deployment programs, and regulatory changes from durable competitive outcomes? u.s. mobile wireless service wireless service telecommunications u.s. residential fixed broadband access fixed broadband telecommunications","connectionCount":4,"x":527.034,"y":64.64,"distance":2,"radius":8,"labelVisible":false},{"id":"issue:food-buyer-power","kind":"issue","label":"Food systems and buyer power","shortLabel":"Food buyer power","description":"How does buyer concentration in regional cattle procurement affect producer options, contract terms, and supply-chain resilience?","href":"/issues/food-systems-and-buyer-power","metricLabel":"Bounded markets","metricValue":"1","detail":"1 separately defined market / editorial research program","status":"issue program","year":2019,"color":"#c026d3","searchText":"food systems and buyer power food buyer power procurement options, regional boundaries, and resilience the program follows the usda national beef-packer cr4 series into a buyer-power research frame while preserving the need for regional procurement markets and firm-level evidence. how does buyer concentration in regional cattle procurement affect producer options, contract terms, and supply-chain resilience? which plant-level purchases, procurement distances, capacity, contracts, and prices define regional buyer alternatives? how do entry, exit, outages, captive supply, and transportation costs change producer bargaining options? which firm-level records can disaggregate the national cr4 without inferring equal shares among the four largest buyers? u.s. steer and heifer purchases by beef packers beef meatpacking food and agriculture","connectionCount":4,"x":578.953,"y":94.256,"distance":2,"radius":8,"labelVisible":false},{"id":"issue:housing-access","kind":"issue","label":"Housing access and local power","shortLabel":"Housing access","description":"Which local ownership, pricing, supply, and platform records can identify where renters face weakened competitive choice?","href":"/issues/housing-access-and-local-power","metricLabel":"Bounded markets","metricValue":"1","detail":"1 separately defined market / editorial research program","status":"issue program","year":2026,"color":"#c026d3","searchText":"housing access and local power housing access ownership, pricing systems, supply, and place the program joins national housing-access evidence to selected ownership and official-record context while keeping the underlying competition problem local. which local ownership, pricing, supply, and platform records can identify where renters face weakened competitive choice? where can parcel, owner, property-manager, rent, vacancy, and transaction data be joined at a stable local geography? how should pricing-software use, information exchange, ownership concentration, and supply constraints be measured separately? which local comparisons can test entry, rent, quality, and displacement outcomes without treating co-movement as causation? u.s. rental housing access rental housing real estate","connectionCount":4,"x":620.425,"y":137.3,"distance":2,"radius":8,"labelVisible":false},{"id":"issue:transportation-networks","kind":"issue","label":"Transportation networks","shortLabel":"Transportation","description":"How do route-level entry, capacity, airport constraints, and consolidation shape passenger choice beyond national shares?","href":"/issues/transportation-networks","metricLabel":"Bounded markets","metricValue":"1","detail":"1 separately defined market / editorial research program","status":"issue program","year":2026,"color":"#c026d3","searchText":"transportation networks transportation routes, airport access, capacity, and consolidation the program places national airline passenger-share reporting beside route-level research needs and official merger and competition records. how do route-level entry, capacity, airport constraints, and consolidation shape passenger choice beyond national shares? which route-pair, airport, schedule, fare, capacity, and entry records define competitive alternatives for travelers? how do slot, gate, loyalty, and network constraints differ across airports and traveler segments? which before-and-after records can evaluate transactions or remedies without attributing every observed change to one event? u.s. domestic airline passengers domestic airlines transportation","connectionCount":4,"x":648.09,"y":190.285,"distance":2,"radius":8,"labelVisible":false},{"id":"question:market-hhi:us-browser-usage","kind":"question","label":"Which entry, exit, share, switching, price, quality, or capacity evidence can explain the movement inside this exact market boundary?","shortLabel":"Browsers: Herfindahl-Hirs...","description":"Browsers moved from 3,720 in 2025 to 3,612 in 2026 (-108.0 HHI points). The latest encoded HHI anchor is lower within this documented market series. The change alone does not identify a cause or establish competitive harm.","href":"/research/agenda/market-hhi--us-browser-usage","metricLabel":"Herfindahl-Hirschman Index","metricValue":"3,612","detail":"Q32 / Mechanism / 2026","status":"decreased / estimated public","year":2026,"color":"#65a30d","searchText":"market-hhi:us-browser-usage which entry, exit, share, switching, price, quality, or capacity evidence can explain the movement inside this exact market boundary? browsers market-hhi herfindahl-hirschman index market mechanism test entry, exit, switching, price, quality, capacity, and share pathways inside the declared market boundary. browsers moved from 3,720 in 2025 to 3,612 in 2026 (-108.0 hhi points). the latest encoded hhi anchor is lower within this documented market series. the change alone does not identify a cause or establish competitive harm. entry and exit chronology for the same product and geographic boundary. participant shares at both observed anchors, including acquisitions and denominator changes. switching, price, quality, output, and capacity records covering the comparison window. method documentation confirming the market boundary and measurement basis across both anchors.","connectionCount":3,"x":659.707,"y":248.917,"distance":2,"radius":8,"labelVisible":false},{"id":"question:market-hhi:us-mobile-operating-system-usage","kind":"question","label":"Which entry, exit, share, switching, price, quality, or capacity evidence can explain the movement inside this exact market boundary?","shortLabel":"Mobile operating systems:...","description":"Mobile operating systems moved from 5,094 in 2025 to 5,337 in 2026 (+243.0 HHI points). The latest encoded HHI anchor is higher within this documented market series. The change alone does not identify a cause or establish competitive harm.","href":"/research/agenda/market-hhi--us-mobile-operating-system-usage","metricLabel":"Herfindahl-Hirschman Index","metricValue":"5,337","detail":"Q36 / Mechanism / 2026","status":"increased / estimated public","year":2026,"color":"#65a30d","searchText":"market-hhi:us-mobile-operating-system-usage which entry, exit, share, switching, price, quality, or capacity evidence can explain the movement inside this exact market boundary? mobile operating systems market-hhi herfindahl-hirschman index market mechanism test entry, exit, switching, price, quality, capacity, and share pathways inside the declared market boundary. mobile operating systems moved from 5,094 in 2025 to 5,337 in 2026 (+243.0 hhi points). the latest encoded hhi anchor is higher within this documented market series. the change alone does not identify a cause or establish competitive harm. entry and exit chronology for the same product and geographic boundary. participant shares at both observed anchors, including acquisitions and denominator changes. switching, price, quality, output, and capacity records covering the comparison window. method documentation confirming the market boundary and measurement basis across both anchors.","connectionCount":3,"x":654.335,"y":308.448,"distance":2,"radius":8,"labelVisible":false},{"id":"question:market-hhi:us-search-engine-usage","kind":"question","label":"Which entry, exit, share, switching, price, quality, or capacity evidence can explain the movement inside this exact market boundary?","shortLabel":"Search engines: Herfindah...","description":"Search engines moved from 7,589 in 2025 to 7,359 in 2026 (-230.0 HHI points). The latest encoded HHI anchor is lower within this documented market series. The change alone does not identify a cause or establish competitive harm.","href":"/research/agenda/market-hhi--us-search-engine-usage","metricLabel":"Herfindahl-Hirschman Index","metricValue":"7,359","detail":"Q39 / Mechanism / 2026","status":"decreased / estimated public","year":2026,"color":"#65a30d","searchText":"market-hhi:us-search-engine-usage which entry, exit, share, switching, price, quality, or capacity evidence can explain the movement inside this exact market boundary? search engines market-hhi herfindahl-hirschman index market mechanism test entry, exit, switching, price, quality, capacity, and share pathways inside the declared market boundary. search engines moved from 7,589 in 2025 to 7,359 in 2026 (-230.0 hhi points). the latest encoded hhi anchor is lower within this documented market series. the change alone does not identify a cause or establish competitive harm. entry and exit chronology for the same product and geographic boundary. participant shares at both observed anchors, including acquisitions and denominator changes. switching, price, quality, output, and capacity records covering the comparison window. method documentation confirming the market boundary and measurement basis across both anchors.","connectionCount":3,"x":632.409,"y":364.053,"distance":2,"radius":8,"labelVisible":false},{"id":"question:market-hhi:us-social-media-referral-traffic","kind":"question","label":"Which entry, exit, share, switching, price, quality, or capacity evidence can explain the movement inside this exact market boundary?","shortLabel":"Social referrals: Herfind...","description":"Social referrals moved from 3,804 in 2025 to 4,995 in 2026 (+1,191.0 HHI points). The latest encoded HHI anchor is higher within this documented market series. The change alone does not identify a cause or establish competitive harm.","href":"/research/agenda/market-hhi--us-social-media-referral-traffic","metricLabel":"Herfindahl-Hirschman Index","metricValue":"4,995","detail":"Q42 / Mechanism / 2026","status":"increased / estimated public","year":2026,"color":"#65a30d","searchText":"market-hhi:us-social-media-referral-traffic which entry, exit, share, switching, price, quality, or capacity evidence can explain the movement inside this exact market boundary? social referrals market-hhi herfindahl-hirschman index market mechanism test entry, exit, switching, price, quality, capacity, and share pathways inside the declared market boundary. social referrals moved from 3,804 in 2025 to 4,995 in 2026 (+1,191.0 hhi points). the latest encoded hhi anchor is higher within this documented market series. the change alone does not identify a cause or establish competitive harm. entry and exit chronology for the same product and geographic boundary. participant shares at both observed anchors, including acquisitions and denominator changes. switching, price, quality, output, and capacity records covering the comparison window. method documentation confirming the market boundary and measurement basis across both anchors.","connectionCount":3,"x":595.705,"y":411.229,"distance":2,"radius":8,"labelVisible":false},{"id":"question:market-cr4:us-browser-usage","kind":"question","label":"Which participant-share changes account for the structural movement, and are the denominator and coverage stable across both anchors?","shortLabel":"Browsers: Four-participan...","description":"Browsers moved from 93.6% in 2025 to 93.8% in 2026 (+0.15 percentage points). The latest encoded CR4 anchor is higher within this documented market series. The change alone does not identify a cause or establish competitive harm.","href":"/research/agenda/market-cr4--us-browser-usage","metricLabel":"Four-participant concentration ratio","metricValue":"93.8%","detail":"Q31 / Shares / 2026","status":"increased / estimated public","year":2026,"color":"#65a30d","searchText":"market-cr4:us-browser-usage which participant-share changes account for the structural movement, and are the denominator and coverage stable across both anchors? browsers market-cr4 four-participant concentration ratio share accounting reconstruct participant-share movement while checking denominator, coverage, entry, exit, and transaction changes. browsers moved from 93.6% in 2025 to 93.8% in 2026 (+0.15 percentage points). the latest encoded cr4 anchor is higher within this documented market series. the change alone does not identify a cause or establish competitive harm. firm- or product-level shares at both anchors using the same denominator. share changes attributable to entry, exit, acquisition, divestiture, or organic movement. coverage, missing-participant, and residual-category documentation for each anchor. source methodology showing whether measurement and participant classification stayed stable.","connectionCount":3,"x":547.197,"y":446.153,"distance":2,"radius":8,"labelVisible":false},{"id":"question:market-cr4:us-mobile-operating-system-usage","kind":"question","label":"Which participant-share changes account for the structural movement, and are the denominator and coverage stable across both anchors?","shortLabel":"Mobile operating systems:...","description":"Mobile operating systems moved from 100.0% in 2025 to 100.0% in 2026 (+0.04 percentage points). The latest encoded CR4 anchor is higher within this documented market series. The change alone does not identify a cause or establish competitive harm.","href":"/research/agenda/market-cr4--us-mobile-operating-system-usage","metricLabel":"Four-participant concentration ratio","metricValue":"100.0%","detail":"Q35 / Shares / 2026","status":"increased / estimated public","year":2026,"color":"#65a30d","searchText":"market-cr4:us-mobile-operating-system-usage which participant-share changes account for the structural movement, and are the denominator and coverage stable across both anchors? mobile operating systems market-cr4 four-participant concentration ratio share accounting reconstruct participant-share movement while checking denominator, coverage, entry, exit, and transaction changes. mobile operating systems moved from 100.0% in 2025 to 100.0% in 2026 (+0.04 percentage points). the latest encoded cr4 anchor is higher within this documented market series. the change alone does not identify a cause or establish competitive harm. firm- or product-level shares at both anchors using the same denominator. share changes attributable to entry, exit, acquisition, divestiture, or organic movement. coverage, missing-participant, and residual-category documentation for each anchor. source methodology showing whether measurement and participant classification stayed stable.","connectionCount":3,"x":490.814,"y":465.996,"distance":2,"radius":8,"labelVisible":false},{"id":"question:market-cr4:us-search-engine-usage","kind":"question","label":"Which participant-share changes account for the structural movement, and are the denominator and coverage stable across both anchors?","shortLabel":"Search engines: Four-part...","description":"Search engines moved from 99.4% in 2025 to 99.4% in 2026 (-0.02 percentage points). The latest encoded CR4 anchor is lower within this documented market series. The change alone does not identify a cause or establish competitive harm.","href":"/research/agenda/market-cr4--us-search-engine-usage","metricLabel":"Four-participant concentration ratio","metricValue":"99.4%","detail":"Q38 / Shares / 2026","status":"decreased / estimated public","year":2026,"color":"#65a30d","searchText":"market-cr4:us-search-engine-usage which participant-share changes account for the structural movement, and are the denominator and coverage stable across both anchors? search engines market-cr4 four-participant concentration ratio share accounting reconstruct participant-share movement while checking denominator, coverage, entry, exit, and transaction changes. search engines moved from 99.4% in 2025 to 99.4% in 2026 (-0.02 percentage points). the latest encoded cr4 anchor is lower within this documented market series. the change alone does not identify a cause or establish competitive harm. firm- or product-level shares at both anchors using the same denominator. share changes attributable to entry, exit, acquisition, divestiture, or organic movement. coverage, missing-participant, and residual-category documentation for each anchor. source methodology showing whether measurement and participant classification stayed stable.","connectionCount":3,"x":431.126,"y":469.15,"distance":2,"radius":8,"labelVisible":false},{"id":"question:market-cr4:us-social-media-referral-traffic","kind":"question","label":"Which participant-share changes account for the structural movement, and are the denominator and coverage stable across both anchors?","shortLabel":"Social referrals: Four-pa...","description":"Social referrals moved from 95.1% in 2025 to 94.4% in 2026 (-0.71 percentage points). The latest encoded CR4 anchor is lower within this documented market series. The change alone does not identify a cause or establish competitive harm.","href":"/research/agenda/market-cr4--us-social-media-referral-traffic","metricLabel":"Four-participant concentration ratio","metricValue":"94.4%","detail":"Q41 / Shares / 2026","status":"decreased / estimated public","year":2026,"color":"#65a30d","searchText":"market-cr4:us-social-media-referral-traffic which participant-share changes account for the structural movement, and are the denominator and coverage stable across both anchors? social referrals market-cr4 four-participant concentration ratio share accounting reconstruct participant-share movement while checking denominator, coverage, entry, exit, and transaction changes. social referrals moved from 95.1% in 2025 to 94.4% in 2026 (-0.71 percentage points). the latest encoded cr4 anchor is lower within this documented market series. the change alone does not identify a cause or establish competitive harm. firm- or product-level shares at both anchors using the same denominator. share changes attributable to entry, exit, acquisition, divestiture, or organic movement. coverage, missing-participant, and residual-category documentation for each anchor. source methodology showing whether measurement and participant classification stayed stable.","connectionCount":3,"x":372.966,"y":455.36,"distance":2,"radius":8,"labelVisible":false},{"id":"question:market-leader-share:us-browser-usage","kind":"question","label":"Which participant-share changes account for the structural movement, and are the denominator and coverage stable across both anchors?","shortLabel":"Browsers: Leading-partici...","description":"Browsers moved from 52.3% in 2025 to 50.0% in 2026 (-2.29 percentage points). The latest encoded Leader share anchor is lower within this documented market series. The change alone does not identify a cause or establish competitive harm.","href":"/research/agenda/market-leader-share--us-browser-usage","metricLabel":"Leading-participant share","metricValue":"50.0%","detail":"Q33 / Shares / 2026","status":"decreased / estimated public","year":2026,"color":"#65a30d","searchText":"market-leader-share:us-browser-usage which participant-share changes account for the structural movement, and are the denominator and coverage stable across both anchors? browsers market-leader-share leading-participant share share accounting reconstruct participant-share movement while checking denominator, coverage, entry, exit, and transaction changes. browsers moved from 52.3% in 2025 to 50.0% in 2026 (-2.29 percentage points). the latest encoded leader share anchor is lower within this documented market series. the change alone does not identify a cause or establish competitive harm. firm- or product-level shares at both anchors using the same denominator. share changes attributable to entry, exit, acquisition, divestiture, or organic movement. coverage, missing-participant, and residual-category documentation for each anchor. source methodology showing whether measurement and participant classification stayed stable.","connectionCount":3,"x":321.047,"y":425.744,"distance":2,"radius":8,"labelVisible":false},{"id":"question:market-leader-share:us-mobile-operating-system-usage","kind":"question","label":"Which participant-share changes account for the structural movement, and are the denominator and coverage stable across both anchors?","shortLabel":"Mobile operating systems:...","description":"Mobile operating systems moved from 57.6% in 2025 to 63.1% in 2026 (+5.48 percentage points). The latest encoded Leader share anchor is higher within this documented market series. The change alone does not identify a cause or establish competitive harm.","href":"/research/agenda/market-leader-share--us-mobile-operating-system-usage","metricLabel":"Leading-participant share","metricValue":"63.1%","detail":"Q37 / Shares / 2026","status":"increased / estimated public","year":2026,"color":"#65a30d","searchText":"market-leader-share:us-mobile-operating-system-usage which participant-share changes account for the structural movement, and are the denominator and coverage stable across both anchors? mobile operating systems market-leader-share leading-participant share share accounting reconstruct participant-share movement while checking denominator, coverage, entry, exit, and transaction changes. mobile operating systems moved from 57.6% in 2025 to 63.1% in 2026 (+5.48 percentage points). the latest encoded leader share anchor is higher within this documented market series. the change alone does not identify a cause or establish competitive harm. firm- or product-level shares at both anchors using the same denominator. share changes attributable to entry, exit, acquisition, divestiture, or organic movement. coverage, missing-participant, and residual-category documentation for each anchor. source methodology showing whether measurement and participant classification stayed stable.","connectionCount":3,"x":279.575,"y":382.7,"distance":2,"radius":8,"labelVisible":false},{"id":"question:market-leader-share:us-search-engine-usage","kind":"question","label":"Which participant-share changes account for the structural movement, and are the denominator and coverage stable across both anchors?","shortLabel":"Search engines: Leading-p...","description":"Search engines moved from 86.7% in 2025 to 85.2% in 2026 (-1.55 percentage points). The latest encoded Leader share anchor is lower within this documented market series. The change alone does not identify a cause or establish competitive harm.","href":"/research/agenda/market-leader-share--us-search-engine-usage","metricLabel":"Leading-participant share","metricValue":"85.2%","detail":"Q40 / Shares / 2026","status":"decreased / estimated public","year":2026,"color":"#65a30d","searchText":"market-leader-share:us-search-engine-usage which participant-share changes account for the structural movement, and are the denominator and coverage stable across both anchors? search engines market-leader-share leading-participant share share accounting reconstruct participant-share movement while checking denominator, coverage, entry, exit, and transaction changes. search engines moved from 86.7% in 2025 to 85.2% in 2026 (-1.55 percentage points). the latest encoded leader share anchor is lower within this documented market series. the change alone does not identify a cause or establish competitive harm. firm- or product-level shares at both anchors using the same denominator. share changes attributable to entry, exit, acquisition, divestiture, or organic movement. coverage, missing-participant, and residual-category documentation for each anchor. source methodology showing whether measurement and participant classification stayed stable.","connectionCount":3,"x":251.91,"y":329.715,"distance":2,"radius":8,"labelVisible":false},{"id":"question:market-leader-share:us-social-media-referral-traffic","kind":"question","label":"Which participant-share changes account for the structural movement, and are the denominator and coverage stable across both anchors?","shortLabel":"Social referrals: Leading...","description":"Social referrals moved from 57.5% in 2025 to 68.9% in 2026 (+11.49 percentage points). The latest encoded Leader share anchor is higher within this documented market series. The change alone does not identify a cause or establish competitive harm.","href":"/research/agenda/market-leader-share--us-social-media-referral-traffic","metricLabel":"Leading-participant share","metricValue":"68.9%","detail":"Q43 / Shares / 2026","status":"increased / estimated public","year":2026,"color":"#65a30d","searchText":"market-leader-share:us-social-media-referral-traffic which participant-share changes account for the structural movement, and are the denominator and coverage stable across both anchors? social referrals market-leader-share leading-participant share share accounting reconstruct participant-share movement while checking denominator, coverage, entry, exit, and transaction changes. social referrals moved from 57.5% in 2025 to 68.9% in 2026 (+11.49 percentage points). the latest encoded leader share anchor is higher within this documented market series. the change alone does not identify a cause or establish competitive harm. firm- or product-level shares at both anchors using the same denominator. share changes attributable to entry, exit, acquisition, divestiture, or organic movement. coverage, missing-participant, and residual-category documentation for each anchor. source methodology showing whether measurement and participant classification stayed stable.","connectionCount":3,"x":240.293,"y":271.083,"distance":2,"radius":8,"labelVisible":false},{"id":"question:market-hhi:us-fixed-broadband-access","kind":"question","label":"Which entry, exit, share, switching, price, quality, or capacity evidence can explain the movement inside this exact market boundary?","shortLabel":"Fixed broadband: Herfinda...","description":"Fixed broadband moved from 1,195 in 2023 to 1,501 in 2024 (+306.0 HHI points). The latest encoded HHI anchor is higher within this documented market series. The change alone does not identify a cause or establish competitive harm.","href":"/research/agenda/market-hhi--us-fixed-broadband-access","metricLabel":"Herfindahl-Hirschman Index","metricValue":"1,501","detail":"Q34 / Mechanism / 2024","status":"increased / verified","year":2024,"color":"#65a30d","searchText":"market-hhi:us-fixed-broadband-access which entry, exit, share, switching, price, quality, or capacity evidence can explain the movement inside this exact market boundary? fixed broadband market-hhi herfindahl-hirschman index market mechanism test entry, exit, switching, price, quality, capacity, and share pathways inside the declared market boundary. fixed broadband moved from 1,195 in 2023 to 1,501 in 2024 (+306.0 hhi points). the latest encoded hhi anchor is higher within this documented market series. the change alone does not identify a cause or establish competitive harm. entry and exit chronology for the same product and geographic boundary. participant shares at both observed anchors, including acquisitions and denominator changes. switching, price, quality, output, and capacity records covering the comparison window. method documentation confirming the market boundary and measurement basis across both anchors.","connectionCount":2,"x":245.665,"y":211.552,"distance":2,"radius":8,"labelVisible":false},{"id":"question:market-hhi:us-mobile-wireless-service","kind":"question","label":"Which entry, exit, share, switching, price, quality, or capacity evidence can explain the movement inside this exact market boundary?","shortLabel":"Wireless service: Herfind...","description":"Wireless service moved from 3,596 in 2021 to 3,550 in 2023 (-46.0 HHI points). The latest encoded HHI anchor is lower within this documented market series. The change alone does not identify a cause or establish competitive harm.","href":"/research/agenda/market-hhi--us-mobile-wireless-service","metricLabel":"Herfindahl-Hirschman Index","metricValue":"3,550","detail":"Q44 / Mechanism / 2023","status":"decreased / verified","year":2023,"color":"#65a30d","searchText":"market-hhi:us-mobile-wireless-service which entry, exit, share, switching, price, quality, or capacity evidence can explain the movement inside this exact market boundary? wireless service market-hhi herfindahl-hirschman index market mechanism test entry, exit, switching, price, quality, capacity, and share pathways inside the declared market boundary. wireless service moved from 3,596 in 2021 to 3,550 in 2023 (-46.0 hhi points). the latest encoded hhi anchor is lower within this documented market series. the change alone does not identify a cause or establish competitive harm. entry and exit chronology for the same product and geographic boundary. participant shares at both observed anchors, including acquisitions and denominator changes. switching, price, quality, output, and capacity records covering the comparison window. method documentation confirming the market boundary and measurement basis across both anchors.","connectionCount":2,"x":267.591,"y":155.947,"distance":2,"radius":8,"labelVisible":false},{"id":"question:market-cr4:us-steer-heifer-meatpacking-purchases","kind":"question","label":"Which participant-share changes account for the structural movement, and are the denominator and coverage stable across both anchors?","shortLabel":"Beef meatpacking: Four-pa...","description":"Beef meatpacking moved from 81.0% in 1995 to 85.0% in 2019 (+4.00 percentage points). The latest encoded CR4 anchor is higher within this documented market series. The change alone does not identify a cause or establish competitive harm.","href":"/research/agenda/market-cr4--us-steer-heifer-meatpacking-purchases","metricLabel":"Four-participant concentration ratio","metricValue":"85.0%","detail":"Q30 / Shares / 2019","status":"increased / verified","year":2019,"color":"#65a30d","searchText":"market-cr4:us-steer-heifer-meatpacking-purchases which participant-share changes account for the structural movement, and are the denominator and coverage stable across both anchors? beef meatpacking market-cr4 four-participant concentration ratio share accounting reconstruct participant-share movement while checking denominator, coverage, entry, exit, and transaction changes. beef meatpacking moved from 81.0% in 1995 to 85.0% in 2019 (+4.00 percentage points). the latest encoded cr4 anchor is higher within this documented market series. the change alone does not identify a cause or establish competitive harm. firm- or product-level shares at both anchors using the same denominator. share changes attributable to entry, exit, acquisition, divestiture, or organic movement. coverage, missing-participant, and residual-category documentation for each anchor. source methodology showing whether measurement and participant classification stayed stable.","connectionCount":2,"x":304.295,"y":108.771,"distance":2,"radius":8,"labelVisible":false},{"id":"report:rep-us-competition-landscape-2026","kind":"report","label":"The U.S. Competition Landscape","shortLabel":"The U.S. Competition La...","description":"A national briefing that aligns defined-market signals, industry structure, state and local geographic concentration screens, merger activity, and enforcement records without collapsing their different scopes.","href":"/reports/us-competition-landscape-2026","metricLabel":"Evidence sources","metricValue":"14","detail":"8 linked markets","status":"published","year":2026,"color":"#6366f1","searchText":"the u.s. competition landscape state of competition 2026: five evidence systems, no single score a national briefing that aligns defined-market signals, industry structure, state and local geographic concentration screens, merger activity, and enforcement records without collapsing their different scopes. a source-backed state-of-competition briefing across markets, industries, state systems, local banking screens, mergers, and enforcement, with every system kept in its own analytical universe. 2022 and 2017 u.s. economic census industry concentration tables, usda ers historical meatpacking cr4, kff 2024 state individual-market hhi, fdic 2025 statewide and county summary of deposits screens, the fy2025 ftc/doj hsr report, and source-backed market and enforcement records.","connectionCount":26,"x":352.803,"y":73.847,"distance":2,"radius":8,"labelVisible":false},{"id":"report:insight-market-change-field","kind":"report","label":"Latest market-structure signals moved in both directions.","shortLabel":"Market change field","description":"Fifteen HHI, CR4, and leading-share comparisons preserve their own product boundary, denominator, source, and observed interval. The direction count is an inventory, not a vote about competition. HHI points, CR4 points, and leading-share points across different products and periods are not pooled or ranked.","href":"/insights/market-structure-change-field","metricLabel":"Exact signals","metricValue":"15","detail":"AR-CI-2026-01 / Domain readout","status":"current insight","year":2026,"color":"#6366f1","searchText":"latest market-structure signals moved in both directions. market change field fifteen hhi, cr4, and leading-share comparisons preserve their own product boundary, denominator, source, and observed interval. defined markets domain readout ar-ci-2026-01 the current market field is split. across 15 exact latest-to-prior rows, 8 increased, 7 decreased. the count says only how many bounded comparisons point each way. digital usage screens diverged. social referrals moved from 3,804 in 2025 to 4,995 in 2026 (+1,191.0 hhi points). search engines moved from 7,589 in 2025 to 7,359 in 2026 (-230.0 hhi points). mobile operating systems moved from 5,094 in 2025 to 5,337 in 2026 (+243.0 hhi points). browsers moved from 3,720 in 2025 to 3,612 in 2026 (-108.0 hhi points). each usage system has a separate denominator and remains analytically independent. other market intervals use different clocks. beef meatpacking moved from 81.0% in 1995 to 85.0% in 2019 (+4.00 percentage points). fixed broadband moved from 1,195 in 2023 to 1,501 in 2024 (+306.0 hhi points). wireless service moved from 3,596 in 2021 to 3,550 in 2023 (-46.0 hhi points). their unequal intervals are displayed, not annualized. beef meatpacking four-participant concentration ratio browsers four-participant concentration ratio browsers herfindahl-hirschman index browsers leading-participant share fixed broadband herfindahl-hirschman index mobile operating systems four-participant concentration ratio mobile operating systems herfindahl-hirschman index mobile operating systems leading-participant share search engines four-participant concentration ratio search engines herfindahl-hirschman index search engines leading-participant share social referrals four-participant concentration ratio social referrals herfindahl-hirschman index social referrals leading-participant share wireless service herfindahl-hirschman index u.s. steer and heifer purchases by beef packers u.s. browser usage u.s. residential fixed broadband access u.s. mobile operating-system web usage u.s. search engine usage u.s. social-media referral traffic u.s. mobile wireless service","connectionCount":15,"x":409.186,"y":54.004,"distance":2,"radius":8,"labelVisible":false},{"id":"report:rep-digital-gateways","kind":"report","label":"Five Digital Gateways","shortLabel":"Five Digital Gateways","description":"A source-backed research brief tracing search, browser, mobile operating-system, social-referral, and AI-assistant concentration without collapsing them into one platform market or ecosystem score.","href":"/reports/digital-gateways-brief","metricLabel":"Evidence sources","metricValue":"5","detail":"5 linked markets","status":"published","year":2026,"color":"#6366f1","searchText":"five digital gateways u.s. platform concentration across five separately bounded usage systems a source-backed research brief tracing search, browser, mobile operating-system, social-referral, and ai-assistant concentration without collapsing them into one platform market or ecosystem score. five system histories, exact share rows, official product-attribution paths, and a public research agenda with every denominator kept separate. five statcounter u.s. public usage-share sources: april 2023-april 2026 search, browser, mobile operating-system, and social-referral anchors, plus the may 2026 ai-assistant baseline. official product-attribution records remain a separate evidence layer.","connectionCount":12,"x":471.391,"y":22.963,"distance":2,"radius":8,"labelVisible":false},{"id":"report:insight-digital-gateways-change","kind":"report","label":"Four digital usage systems traced four different structural paths.","shortLabel":"Digital gateways","description":"Browser, mobile operating-system, search-engine, and social-referral shares are read side by side without turning them into one platform-power score. Usage and referral shares are proxies inside separately defined systems. The dispatch does not add shares across products, resolve legal market definition, or infer a common competitive cause.","href":"/insights/digital-gateways-change","metricLabel":"Exact signals","metricValue":"12","detail":"AR-CI-2026-02 / Focused note","status":"current insight","year":2026,"color":"#6366f1","searchText":"four digital usage systems traced four different structural paths. digital gateways browser, mobile operating-system, search-engine, and social-referral shares are read side by side without turning them into one platform-power score. defined markets focused note ar-ci-2026-02 social-referral composition shifted toward the leader. social referrals moved from 3,804 in 2025 to 4,995 in 2026 (+1,191.0 hhi points). social referrals moved from 57.5% in 2025 to 68.9% in 2026 (+11.49 percentage points). social referrals moved from 95.1% in 2025 to 94.4% in 2026 (-0.71 percentage points). search hhi and leading share both moved lower. search engines moved from 7,589 in 2025 to 7,359 in 2026 (-230.0 hhi points). search engines moved from 86.7% in 2025 to 85.2% in 2026 (-1.55 percentage points). search engines moved from 99.4% in 2025 to 99.4% in 2026 (-0.02 percentage points). mobile operating-system hhi and leading share moved higher. mobile operating systems moved from 5,094 in 2025 to 5,337 in 2026 (+243.0 hhi points). mobile operating systems moved from 57.6% in 2025 to 63.1% in 2026 (+5.48 percentage points). mobile operating systems moved from 100.0% in 2025 to 100.0% in 2026 (+0.04 percentage points). browser hhi and leading share moved lower while cr4 edged higher. browsers moved from 3,720 in 2025 to 3,612 in 2026 (-108.0 hhi points). browsers moved from 52.3% in 2025 to 50.0% in 2026 (-2.29 percentage points). browsers moved from 93.6% in 2025 to 93.8% in 2026 (+0.15 percentage points). browsers four-participant concentration ratio browsers herfindahl-hirschman index browsers leading-participant share mobile operating systems four-participant concentration ratio mobile operating systems herfindahl-hirschman index mobile operating systems leading-participant share search engines four-participant concentration ratio search engines herfindahl-hirschman index search engines leading-participant share social referrals four-participant concentration ratio social referrals herfindahl-hirschman index social referrals leading-participant share u.s. browser usage u.s. mobile operating-system web usage u.s. search engine usage u.s. social-media referral traffic","connectionCount":10,"x":618.751,"y":92.169,"distance":2,"radius":8,"labelVisible":false},{"id":"report:rep-hhi-primer","kind":"report","label":"How HHI Helps Explain Market Concentration","shortLabel":"How HHI Helps Explain M...","description":"An open explainer on HHI, CR4, effective number of firms, and why source coverage matters.","href":"/reports/hhi-primer","metricLabel":"Evidence sources","metricValue":"3","detail":"3 linked markets","status":"published","year":2026,"color":"#6366f1","searchText":"how hhi helps explain market concentration a public primer for reading concentration dashboards an open explainer on hhi, cr4, effective number of firms, and why source coverage matters. a short public-interest guide to reading descriptive concentration metrics. fcc source-reported hhi and statcounter public usage-share tables.","connectionCount":8,"x":687.15,"y":239.905,"distance":2,"radius":8,"labelVisible":false},{"id":"report:rep-housing-data-gap","kind":"report","label":"Housing Competition Needs Local Ownership Data","shortLabel":"Housing Competition Nee...","description":"An open brief explaining why housing affordability and supply stress require local competition data before HHI can be responsibly reported.","href":"/reports/housing-competition-data-gap","metricLabel":"Evidence sources","metricValue":"4","detail":"1 linked market","status":"published","year":2026,"color":"#6366f1","searchText":"housing competition needs local ownership data source-backed housing profile note an open brief explaining why housing affordability and supply stress require local competition data before hhi can be responsibly reported. explains why the housing profile reports public stress signals while withholding hhi pending local firm-level ownership and rental market-share data. harvard jchs renter cost-burden data, freddie mac supply-shortage estimate, gao selected single-family rental investor ownership data, and ftc/doj roll-up inquiry materials.","connectionCount":7,"x":644.584,"y":397.044,"distance":2,"radius":8,"labelVisible":false},{"id":"report:rep-meatpacking-buyer-power","kind":"report","label":"Beef Meatpacking Buyer Power","shortLabel":"Beef Meatpacking Buyer...","description":"A source-backed briefing on national beef-packer buyer concentration, the related Census slaughtering-industry screen, and the market boundaries neither metric can establish.","href":"/reports/meatpacking-buyer-power","metricLabel":"Evidence sources","metricValue":"3","detail":"1 linked market","status":"published","year":2026,"color":"#6366f1","searchText":"beef meatpacking buyer power why an 85% procurement cr4 is not the same as an industry hhi a source-backed briefing on national beef-packer buyer concentration, the related census slaughtering-industry screen, and the market boundaries neither metric can establish. explains what the national beef-packer cr4 reveals, why hhi remains withheld, and how the related census industry screen should be used without redefining a cattle procurement market. usda ers historical national cr4 for steer and heifer purchases, paired with separately bounded 2017 and 2022 economic census revenue concentration rows for naics 311611.","connectionCount":6,"x":510.97,"y":490.058,"distance":2,"radius":8,"labelVisible":false},{"id":"report:rep-public-data-gaps","kind":"report","label":"Where Public Market-Share Data Runs Out","shortLabel":"Where Public Market-Sha...","description":"An open report explaining why the observatory sometimes withholds HHI even when public facts indicate concentration.","href":"/reports/public-data-gaps","metricLabel":"Evidence sources","metricValue":"2","detail":"2 linked markets","status":"published","year":2026,"color":"#6366f1","searchText":"where public market-share data runs out why incomplete profiles are part of the product an open report explaining why the observatory sometimes withholds hhi even when public facts indicate concentration. a transparency note on incomplete data and why the observatory never fills gaps with invented shares. bts public airline market-share table and ftc pbm interim staff report materials.","connectionCount":5,"x":348.828,"y":475.425,"distance":2,"radius":8,"labelVisible":false},{"id":"report:rep-fixed-broadband-geography","kind":"report","label":"Fixed Broadband Concentration Across Geographic Scales, 2020-2024","shortLabel":"Fixed Broadband Concent...","description":"A source-backed research brief on nine FCC fixed-broadband reporting periods, the divergent paths of national and subnational median HHI, and the public evidence needed to move from geographic screens to mechanisms and outcomes.","href":"/reports/fixed-broadband-geographic-concentration-2020-2024","metricLabel":"Evidence sources","metricValue":"1","detail":"1 linked market","status":"published","year":2026,"color":"#6366f1","searchText":"fixed broadband concentration across geographic scales, 2020-2024 national hhi rose while median state, county, and census-tract concentration fell a source-backed research brief on nine fcc fixed-broadband reporting periods, the divergent paths of national and subnational median hhi, and the public evidence needed to move from geographic screens to mechanisms and outcomes. a four-scale fcc concentration history showing why a rising national hhi and falling subnational medians must be read together without converting them into one market. federal communications commission internet access services figure 5, covering nine semiannual reporting periods from december 2020 through december 2024 for residential fixed connections meeting the 100/20 mbps threshold. the packet preserves the national hhi and medians of separately calculated state, county, and census-tract hhis as distinct geographic summaries.","connectionCount":4,"x":234.025,"y":359.993,"distance":2,"radius":8,"labelVisible":false},{"id":"report:rep-state-individual-insurance","kind":"report","label":"State Individual Insurance Concentration, 2024","shortLabel":"State Individual Insura...","description":"A source-backed research brief mapping the 2024 KFF state concentration cross-section for the ACA-regulated individual health insurance market, including HHI, leading-insurer share, rival depth, regional variation, and the public evidence needed for stronger competition analysis.","href":"/reports/state-individual-insurance-concentration-2024","metricLabel":"Evidence sources","metricValue":"1","detail":"1 linked market","status":"published","year":2026,"color":"#6366f1","searchText":"state individual insurance concentration, 2024 highly concentrated readings appear in 36 of 51 jurisdictions a source-backed research brief mapping the 2024 kff state concentration cross-section for the aca-regulated individual health insurance market, including hhi, leading-insurer share, rival depth, regional variation, and the public evidence needed for stronger competition analysis. a 51-jurisdiction kff concentration cross-section showing where high hhi, leading-insurer share, and thin rival depth coincide, with every result bounded to the 2024 aca individual market. kff 2024 individual insurance market competition data for the 50 states and district of columbia, including source-reported hhi, leading-insurer share, and the count of insurers with more than 5 percent of each jurisdiction's aca-regulated individual market.","connectionCount":4,"x":220.279,"y":197.773,"distance":2,"radius":8,"labelVisible":false},{"id":"report:rep-state-banking-structure","kind":"report","label":"State Banking Structure, 2015-2025","shortLabel":"State Banking Structure...","description":"A source-backed research brief on eleven annual FDIC statewide branch-deposit screens, the changing geography beneath stable national aggregates, and the limits of statewide concentration measures.","href":"/reports/state-banking-structure-2015-2025","metricLabel":"Evidence sources","metricValue":"1","detail":"0 linked markets","status":"published","year":2026,"color":"#6366f1","searchText":"state banking structure, 2015-2025 stable national concentration can coexist with large state-level shifts a source-backed research brief on eleven annual fdic statewide branch-deposit screens, the changing geography beneath stable national aggregates, and the limits of statewide concentration measures. shows how a nearly unchanged national hhi can coexist with large state-level movements, classification turnover, and declining branch and organization counts. fdic annual summary of deposits branch records for 2015-2025, independently grouped to the reported top bank holding company when available and otherwise to the insured institution.","connectionCount":3,"x":314.022,"y":64.669,"distance":2,"radius":8,"labelVisible":false}],"rows":[{"id":"issue-scope:health-care-intermediaries:mkt-individual-insurance","layer":"research","relationshipType":"issue_scope","relationshipLabel":"Issue program membership","fromId":"issue:health-care-intermediaries","fromKind":"issue","fromLabel":"Health care intermediaries","fromHref":"/issues/health-care-intermediaries","toId":"market:mkt-individual-insurance","toKind":"market","toLabel":"U.S. ACA individual health insurance","toHref":"/markets/us-aca-individual-health-insurance","evidenceLabel":"Competition issue scope contract","evidenceDetail":"U.S. ACA individual health insurance is an explicitly curated member of the Health care intermediaries research program while retaining its own product boundary, geography, denominator, and comparison contract.","sourceId":null,"sourceUrl":null,"confidenceLevel":"bounded","indicatorId":null,"entityCode":null,"observationCount":null,"firstYear":null,"latestYear":null,"preferredView":null,"sourceIds":null,"guardrail":"An editorial issue membership supports research navigation only; it does not combine the member markets, define a broader antitrust market, or establish competitive harm or causation."},{"id":"issue-scope:health-care-intermediaries:mkt-pbm","layer":"research","relationshipType":"issue_scope","relationshipLabel":"Issue program membership","fromId":"issue:health-care-intermediaries","fromKind":"issue","fromLabel":"Health care intermediaries","fromHref":"/issues/health-care-intermediaries","toId":"market:mkt-pbm","toKind":"market","toLabel":"U.S. pharmacy benefit management","toHref":"/markets/us-pharmacy-benefit-management","evidenceLabel":"Competition issue scope contract","evidenceDetail":"U.S. pharmacy benefit management is an explicitly curated member of the Health care intermediaries research program while retaining its own product boundary, geography, denominator, and comparison contract.","sourceId":null,"sourceUrl":null,"confidenceLevel":"bounded","indicatorId":null,"entityCode":null,"observationCount":null,"firstYear":null,"latestYear":null,"preferredView":null,"sourceIds":null,"guardrail":"An editorial issue membership supports research navigation only; it does not combine the member markets, define a broader antitrust market, or establish competitive harm or causation."},{"id":"report-market:rep-public-data-gaps:mkt-pbm","layer":"research","relationshipType":"report_market","relationshipLabel":"Covered market profile","fromId":"report:rep-public-data-gaps","fromKind":"report","fromLabel":"Where Public Market-Share Data Runs Out","fromHref":"/reports/public-data-gaps","toId":"market:mkt-pbm","toKind":"market","toLabel":"U.S. pharmacy benefit management","toHref":"/markets/us-pharmacy-benefit-management","evidenceLabel":"Report scope contract","evidenceDetail":"Where Public Market-Share Data Runs Out explicitly lists U.S. pharmacy benefit management in its related-market scope.","sourceId":null,"sourceUrl":null,"confidenceLevel":"bounded","indicatorId":null,"entityCode":null,"observationCount":null,"firstYear":null,"latestYear":null,"preferredView":null,"sourceIds":null,"guardrail":"A publication link identifies an explicitly covered market profile and does not make separately defined markets interchangeable."},{"id":"report-market:rep-state-individual-insurance:mkt-individual-insurance","layer":"research","relationshipType":"report_market","relationshipLabel":"Covered market profile","fromId":"report:rep-state-individual-insurance","fromKind":"report","fromLabel":"State Individual Insurance Concentration, 2024","fromHref":"/reports/state-individual-insurance-concentration-2024","toId":"market:mkt-individual-insurance","toKind":"market","toLabel":"U.S. ACA individual health insurance","toHref":"/markets/us-aca-individual-health-insurance","evidenceLabel":"Report scope contract","evidenceDetail":"State Individual Insurance Concentration, 2024 explicitly lists U.S. ACA individual health insurance in its related-market scope.","sourceId":null,"sourceUrl":null,"confidenceLevel":"bounded","indicatorId":null,"entityCode":null,"observationCount":null,"firstYear":null,"latestYear":null,"preferredView":null,"sourceIds":null,"guardrail":"A publication link identifies an explicitly covered market profile and does not make separately defined markets interchangeable."},{"id":"report-market:rep-us-competition-landscape-2026:mkt-pbm","layer":"research","relationshipType":"report_market","relationshipLabel":"Covered market profile","fromId":"report:rep-us-competition-landscape-2026","fromKind":"report","fromLabel":"The U.S. Competition Landscape","fromHref":"/reports/us-competition-landscape-2026","toId":"market:mkt-pbm","toKind":"market","toLabel":"U.S. pharmacy benefit management","toHref":"/markets/us-pharmacy-benefit-management","evidenceLabel":"Report scope contract","evidenceDetail":"The U.S. Competition Landscape explicitly lists U.S. pharmacy benefit management in its related-market scope.","sourceId":null,"sourceUrl":null,"confidenceLevel":"bounded","indicatorId":null,"entityCode":null,"observationCount":null,"firstYear":null,"latestYear":null,"preferredView":null,"sourceIds":null,"guardrail":"A publication link identifies an explicitly covered market profile and does not make separately defined markets interchangeable."},{"id":"topic-issue:market-structure:communications-infrastructure","layer":"research","relationshipType":"topic_issue","relationshipLabel":"Declared issue-program membership","fromId":"topic:market-structure","fromKind":"topic","fromLabel":"Market Structure","fromHref":"/research/topics/market-structure","toId":"issue:communications-infrastructure","toKind":"issue","toLabel":"Communications infrastructure","toHref":"/issues/communications-infrastructure","evidenceLabel":"Research topic issue contract","evidenceDetail":"Communications infrastructure is explicitly included in the Market Structure institutional research contract.","sourceId":null,"sourceUrl":null,"confidenceLevel":"bounded","indicatorId":null,"entityCode":null,"observationCount":null,"firstYear":null,"latestYear":null,"preferredView":null,"sourceIds":null,"guardrail":"A topic-to-issue link records one declared institutional membership. It does not merge the issue program's markets, establish harm, rank importance, or imply a shared method or finding."},{"id":"topic-issue:market-structure:digital-gateways","layer":"research","relationshipType":"topic_issue","relationshipLabel":"Declared issue-program membership","fromId":"topic:market-structure","fromKind":"topic","fromLabel":"Market Structure","fromHref":"/research/topics/market-structure","toId":"issue:digital-gateways","toKind":"issue","toLabel":"Digital platform gateways","toHref":"/issues/digital-platform-gateways","evidenceLabel":"Research topic issue contract","evidenceDetail":"Digital platform gateways is explicitly included in the Market Structure institutional research contract.","sourceId":null,"sourceUrl":null,"confidenceLevel":"bounded","indicatorId":null,"entityCode":null,"observationCount":null,"firstYear":null,"latestYear":null,"preferredView":null,"sourceIds":null,"guardrail":"A topic-to-issue link records one declared institutional membership. It does not merge the issue program's markets, establish harm, rank importance, or imply a shared method or finding."},{"id":"topic-issue:market-structure:food-buyer-power","layer":"research","relationshipType":"topic_issue","relationshipLabel":"Declared issue-program membership","fromId":"topic:market-structure","fromKind":"topic","fromLabel":"Market Structure","fromHref":"/research/topics/market-structure","toId":"issue:food-buyer-power","toKind":"issue","toLabel":"Food systems and buyer power","toHref":"/issues/food-systems-and-buyer-power","evidenceLabel":"Research topic issue contract","evidenceDetail":"Food systems and buyer power is explicitly included in the Market Structure institutional research contract.","sourceId":null,"sourceUrl":null,"confidenceLevel":"bounded","indicatorId":null,"entityCode":null,"observationCount":null,"firstYear":null,"latestYear":null,"preferredView":null,"sourceIds":null,"guardrail":"A topic-to-issue link records one declared institutional membership. It does not merge the issue program's markets, establish harm, rank importance, or imply a shared method or finding."},{"id":"topic-issue:market-structure:health-care-intermediaries","layer":"research","relationshipType":"topic_issue","relationshipLabel":"Declared issue-program membership","fromId":"topic:market-structure","fromKind":"topic","fromLabel":"Market Structure","fromHref":"/research/topics/market-structure","toId":"issue:health-care-intermediaries","toKind":"issue","toLabel":"Health care intermediaries","toHref":"/issues/health-care-intermediaries","evidenceLabel":"Research topic issue contract","evidenceDetail":"Health care intermediaries is explicitly included in the Market Structure institutional research contract.","sourceId":null,"sourceUrl":null,"confidenceLevel":"bounded","indicatorId":null,"entityCode":null,"observationCount":null,"firstYear":null,"latestYear":null,"preferredView":null,"sourceIds":null,"guardrail":"A topic-to-issue link records one declared institutional membership. It does not merge the issue program's markets, establish harm, rank importance, or imply a shared method or finding."},{"id":"topic-issue:market-structure:housing-access","layer":"research","relationshipType":"topic_issue","relationshipLabel":"Declared issue-program membership","fromId":"topic:market-structure","fromKind":"topic","fromLabel":"Market Structure","fromHref":"/research/topics/market-structure","toId":"issue:housing-access","toKind":"issue","toLabel":"Housing access and local power","toHref":"/issues/housing-access-and-local-power","evidenceLabel":"Research topic issue contract","evidenceDetail":"Housing access and local power is explicitly included in the Market Structure institutional research contract.","sourceId":null,"sourceUrl":null,"confidenceLevel":"bounded","indicatorId":null,"entityCode":null,"observationCount":null,"firstYear":null,"latestYear":null,"preferredView":null,"sourceIds":null,"guardrail":"A topic-to-issue link records one declared institutional membership. It does not merge the issue program's markets, establish harm, rank importance, or imply a shared method or finding."},{"id":"topic-issue:market-structure:transportation-networks","layer":"research","relationshipType":"topic_issue","relationshipLabel":"Declared issue-program membership","fromId":"topic:market-structure","fromKind":"topic","fromLabel":"Market Structure","fromHref":"/research/topics/market-structure","toId":"issue:transportation-networks","toKind":"issue","toLabel":"Transportation networks","toHref":"/issues/transportation-networks","evidenceLabel":"Research topic issue contract","evidenceDetail":"Transportation networks is explicitly included in the Market Structure institutional research contract.","sourceId":null,"sourceUrl":null,"confidenceLevel":"bounded","indicatorId":null,"entityCode":null,"observationCount":null,"firstYear":null,"latestYear":null,"preferredView":null,"sourceIds":null,"guardrail":"A topic-to-issue link records one declared institutional membership. It does not merge the issue program's markets, establish harm, rank importance, or imply a shared method or finding."},{"id":"topic-issue:methods-public-data:health-care-intermediaries","layer":"research","relationshipType":"topic_issue","relationshipLabel":"Declared issue-program membership","fromId":"topic:methods-public-data","fromKind":"topic","fromLabel":"Methods and Public Data","fromHref":"/research/topics/methods-public-data","toId":"issue:health-care-intermediaries","toKind":"issue","toLabel":"Health care intermediaries","toHref":"/issues/health-care-intermediaries","evidenceLabel":"Research topic issue contract","evidenceDetail":"Health care intermediaries is explicitly included in the Methods and Public Data institutional research contract.","sourceId":null,"sourceUrl":null,"confidenceLevel":"bounded","indicatorId":null,"entityCode":null,"observationCount":null,"firstYear":null,"latestYear":null,"preferredView":null,"sourceIds":null,"guardrail":"A topic-to-issue link records one declared institutional membership. It does not merge the issue program's markets, establish harm, rank importance, or imply a shared method or finding."},{"id":"topic-issue:methods-public-data:housing-access","layer":"research","relationshipType":"topic_issue","relationshipLabel":"Declared issue-program membership","fromId":"topic:methods-public-data","fromKind":"topic","fromLabel":"Methods and Public Data","fromHref":"/research/topics/methods-public-data","toId":"issue:housing-access","toKind":"issue","toLabel":"Housing access and local power","toHref":"/issues/housing-access-and-local-power","evidenceLabel":"Research topic issue contract","evidenceDetail":"Housing access and local power is explicitly included in the Methods and Public Data institutional research contract.","sourceId":null,"sourceUrl":null,"confidenceLevel":"bounded","indicatorId":null,"entityCode":null,"observationCount":null,"firstYear":null,"latestYear":null,"preferredView":null,"sourceIds":null,"guardrail":"A topic-to-issue link records one declared institutional membership. It does not merge the issue program's markets, establish harm, rank importance, or imply a shared method or finding."},{"id":"topic-publication:market-structure:AR-CI-2026-01","layer":"research","relationshipType":"topic_publication","relationshipLabel":"Declared topic membership","fromId":"topic:market-structure","fromKind":"topic","fromLabel":"Market Structure","fromHref":"/research/topics/market-structure","toId":"report:insight-market-change-field","toKind":"report","toLabel":"Latest market-structure signals moved in both directions.","toHref":"/insights/market-structure-change-field","evidenceLabel":"Publication theme contract","evidenceDetail":"AR-CI-2026-01, Latest market-structure signals moved in both directions., carries the exact Market Structure publication-theme membership.","sourceId":null,"sourceUrl":null,"confidenceLevel":"bounded","indicatorId":null,"entityCode":null,"observationCount":null,"firstYear":null,"latestYear":null,"preferredView":null,"sourceIds":null,"guardrail":"A topic-to-publication link records one exact editorial theme membership. It does not rank publication quality, evidence strength, importance, impact, or policy effect."},{"id":"topic-publication:market-structure:AR-CI-2026-02","layer":"research","relationshipType":"topic_publication","relationshipLabel":"Declared topic membership","fromId":"topic:market-structure","fromKind":"topic","fromLabel":"Market Structure","fromHref":"/research/topics/market-structure","toId":"report:insight-digital-gateways-change","toKind":"report","toLabel":"Four digital usage systems traced four different structural paths.","toHref":"/insights/digital-gateways-change","evidenceLabel":"Publication theme contract","evidenceDetail":"AR-CI-2026-02, Four digital usage systems traced four different structural paths., carries the exact Market Structure publication-theme membership.","sourceId":null,"sourceUrl":null,"confidenceLevel":"bounded","indicatorId":null,"entityCode":null,"observationCount":null,"firstYear":null,"latestYear":null,"preferredView":null,"sourceIds":null,"guardrail":"A topic-to-publication link records one exact editorial theme membership. It does not rank publication quality, evidence strength, importance, impact, or policy effect."},{"id":"topic-publication:market-structure:AR-MM-2026-01","layer":"research","relationshipType":"topic_publication","relationshipLabel":"Declared topic membership","fromId":"topic:market-structure","fromKind":"topic","fromLabel":"Market Structure","fromHref":"/research/topics/market-structure","toId":"report:rep-hhi-primer","toKind":"report","toLabel":"How HHI Helps Explain Market Concentration","toHref":"/reports/hhi-primer","evidenceLabel":"Publication theme contract","evidenceDetail":"AR-MM-2026-01, How HHI Helps Explain Market Concentration, carries the exact Market Structure publication-theme membership.","sourceId":null,"sourceUrl":null,"confidenceLevel":"bounded","indicatorId":null,"entityCode":null,"observationCount":null,"firstYear":null,"latestYear":null,"preferredView":null,"sourceIds":null,"guardrail":"A topic-to-publication link records one exact editorial theme membership. It does not rank publication quality, evidence strength, importance, impact, or policy effect."},{"id":"topic-publication:market-structure:AR-RB-2026-01","layer":"research","relationshipType":"topic_publication","relationshipLabel":"Declared topic membership","fromId":"topic:market-structure","fromKind":"topic","fromLabel":"Market Structure","fromHref":"/research/topics/market-structure","toId":"report:rep-meatpacking-buyer-power","toKind":"report","toLabel":"Beef Meatpacking Buyer Power","toHref":"/reports/meatpacking-buyer-power","evidenceLabel":"Publication theme contract","evidenceDetail":"AR-RB-2026-01, Beef Meatpacking Buyer Power, carries the exact Market Structure publication-theme membership.","sourceId":null,"sourceUrl":null,"confidenceLevel":"bounded","indicatorId":null,"entityCode":null,"observationCount":null,"firstYear":null,"latestYear":null,"preferredView":null,"sourceIds":null,"guardrail":"A topic-to-publication link records one exact editorial theme membership. It does not rank publication quality, evidence strength, importance, impact, or policy effect."},{"id":"topic-publication:market-structure:AR-RB-2026-02","layer":"research","relationshipType":"topic_publication","relationshipLabel":"Declared topic membership","fromId":"topic:market-structure","fromKind":"topic","fromLabel":"Market Structure","fromHref":"/research/topics/market-structure","toId":"report:rep-digital-gateways","toKind":"report","toLabel":"Five Digital Gateways","toHref":"/reports/digital-gateways-brief","evidenceLabel":"Publication theme contract","evidenceDetail":"AR-RB-2026-02, Five Digital Gateways, carries the exact Market Structure publication-theme membership.","sourceId":null,"sourceUrl":null,"confidenceLevel":"bounded","indicatorId":null,"entityCode":null,"observationCount":null,"firstYear":null,"latestYear":null,"preferredView":null,"sourceIds":null,"guardrail":"A topic-to-publication link records one exact editorial theme membership. It does not rank publication quality, evidence strength, importance, impact, or policy effect."},{"id":"topic-publication:market-structure:AR-RB-2026-03","layer":"research","relationshipType":"topic_publication","relationshipLabel":"Declared topic membership","fromId":"topic:market-structure","fromKind":"topic","fromLabel":"Market Structure","fromHref":"/research/topics/market-structure","toId":"report:rep-state-banking-structure","toKind":"report","toLabel":"State Banking Structure, 2015-2025","toHref":"/reports/state-banking-structure-2015-2025","evidenceLabel":"Publication theme contract","evidenceDetail":"AR-RB-2026-03, State Banking Structure, 2015-2025, carries the exact Market Structure publication-theme membership.","sourceId":null,"sourceUrl":null,"confidenceLevel":"bounded","indicatorId":null,"entityCode":null,"observationCount":null,"firstYear":null,"latestYear":null,"preferredView":null,"sourceIds":null,"guardrail":"A topic-to-publication link records one exact editorial theme membership. It does not rank publication quality, evidence strength, importance, impact, or policy effect."},{"id":"topic-publication:market-structure:AR-RB-2026-06","layer":"research","relationshipType":"topic_publication","relationshipLabel":"Declared topic membership","fromId":"topic:market-structure","fromKind":"topic","fromLabel":"Market Structure","fromHref":"/research/topics/market-structure","toId":"report:rep-fixed-broadband-geography","toKind":"report","toLabel":"Fixed Broadband Concentration Across Geographic Scales, 2020-2024","toHref":"/reports/fixed-broadband-geographic-concentration-2020-2024","evidenceLabel":"Publication theme contract","evidenceDetail":"AR-RB-2026-06, Fixed Broadband Concentration Across Geographic Scales, 2020-2024, carries the exact Market Structure publication-theme membership.","sourceId":null,"sourceUrl":null,"confidenceLevel":"bounded","indicatorId":null,"entityCode":null,"observationCount":null,"firstYear":null,"latestYear":null,"preferredView":null,"sourceIds":null,"guardrail":"A topic-to-publication link records one exact editorial theme membership. It does not rank publication quality, evidence strength, importance, impact, or policy effect."},{"id":"topic-publication:market-structure:AR-RB-2026-07","layer":"research","relationshipType":"topic_publication","relationshipLabel":"Declared topic membership","fromId":"topic:market-structure","fromKind":"topic","fromLabel":"Market Structure","fromHref":"/research/topics/market-structure","toId":"report:rep-state-individual-insurance","toKind":"report","toLabel":"State Individual Insurance Concentration, 2024","toHref":"/reports/state-individual-insurance-concentration-2024","evidenceLabel":"Publication theme contract","evidenceDetail":"AR-RB-2026-07, State Individual Insurance Concentration, 2024, carries the exact Market Structure publication-theme membership.","sourceId":null,"sourceUrl":null,"confidenceLevel":"bounded","indicatorId":null,"entityCode":null,"observationCount":null,"firstYear":null,"latestYear":null,"preferredView":null,"sourceIds":null,"guardrail":"A topic-to-publication link records one exact editorial theme membership. It does not rank publication quality, evidence strength, importance, impact, or policy effect."},{"id":"topic-publication:market-structure:AR-SC-2026-01","layer":"research","relationshipType":"topic_publication","relationshipLabel":"Declared topic membership","fromId":"topic:market-structure","fromKind":"topic","fromLabel":"Market Structure","fromHref":"/research/topics/market-structure","toId":"report:rep-us-competition-landscape-2026","toKind":"report","toLabel":"The U.S. Competition Landscape","toHref":"/reports/us-competition-landscape-2026","evidenceLabel":"Publication theme contract","evidenceDetail":"AR-SC-2026-01, The U.S. Competition Landscape, carries the exact Market Structure publication-theme membership.","sourceId":null,"sourceUrl":null,"confidenceLevel":"bounded","indicatorId":null,"entityCode":null,"observationCount":null,"firstYear":null,"latestYear":null,"preferredView":null,"sourceIds":null,"guardrail":"A topic-to-publication link records one exact editorial theme membership. It does not rank publication quality, evidence strength, importance, impact, or policy effect."},{"id":"topic-publication:methods-public-data:AR-DN-2026-01","layer":"research","relationshipType":"topic_publication","relationshipLabel":"Declared topic membership","fromId":"topic:methods-public-data","fromKind":"topic","fromLabel":"Methods and Public Data","fromHref":"/research/topics/methods-public-data","toId":"report:rep-public-data-gaps","toKind":"report","toLabel":"Where Public Market-Share Data Runs Out","toHref":"/reports/public-data-gaps","evidenceLabel":"Publication theme contract","evidenceDetail":"AR-DN-2026-01, Where Public Market-Share Data Runs Out, carries the exact Methods and Public Data publication-theme membership.","sourceId":null,"sourceUrl":null,"confidenceLevel":"bounded","indicatorId":null,"entityCode":null,"observationCount":null,"firstYear":null,"latestYear":null,"preferredView":null,"sourceIds":null,"guardrail":"A topic-to-publication link records one exact editorial theme membership. It does not rank publication quality, evidence strength, importance, impact, or policy effect."},{"id":"topic-publication:methods-public-data:AR-DN-2026-02","layer":"research","relationshipType":"topic_publication","relationshipLabel":"Declared topic membership","fromId":"topic:methods-public-data","fromKind":"topic","fromLabel":"Methods and Public Data","fromHref":"/research/topics/methods-public-data","toId":"report:rep-housing-data-gap","toKind":"report","toLabel":"Housing Competition Needs Local Ownership Data","toHref":"/reports/housing-competition-data-gap","evidenceLabel":"Publication theme contract","evidenceDetail":"AR-DN-2026-02, Housing Competition Needs Local Ownership Data, carries the exact Methods and Public Data publication-theme membership.","sourceId":null,"sourceUrl":null,"confidenceLevel":"bounded","indicatorId":null,"entityCode":null,"observationCount":null,"firstYear":null,"latestYear":null,"preferredView":null,"sourceIds":null,"guardrail":"A topic-to-publication link records one exact editorial theme membership. It does not rank publication quality, evidence strength, importance, impact, or policy effect."},{"id":"topic-publication:methods-public-data:AR-MM-2026-01","layer":"research","relationshipType":"topic_publication","relationshipLabel":"Declared topic membership","fromId":"topic:methods-public-data","fromKind":"topic","fromLabel":"Methods and Public Data","fromHref":"/research/topics/methods-public-data","toId":"report:rep-hhi-primer","toKind":"report","toLabel":"How HHI Helps Explain Market Concentration","toHref":"/reports/hhi-primer","evidenceLabel":"Publication theme contract","evidenceDetail":"AR-MM-2026-01, How HHI Helps Explain Market Concentration, carries the exact Methods and Public Data publication-theme membership.","sourceId":null,"sourceUrl":null,"confidenceLevel":"bounded","indicatorId":null,"entityCode":null,"observationCount":null,"firstYear":null,"latestYear":null,"preferredView":null,"sourceIds":null,"guardrail":"A topic-to-publication link records one exact editorial theme membership. It does not rank publication quality, evidence strength, importance, impact, or policy effect."},{"id":"topic-question:market-structure:market-cr4:us-browser-usage","layer":"research","relationshipType":"topic_question","relationshipLabel":"Declared agenda membership","fromId":"topic:market-structure","fromKind":"topic","fromLabel":"Market Structure","fromHref":"/research/topics/market-structure","toId":"question:market-cr4:us-browser-usage","toKind":"question","toLabel":"Which participant-share changes account for the structural movement, and are the denominator and coverage stable across both anchors?","toHref":"/research/agenda/market-cr4--us-browser-usage","evidenceLabel":"Research topic agenda contract","evidenceDetail":"Q31, Which participant-share changes account for the structural movement, and are the denominator and coverage stable across both anchors?, is included by the exact domain or entity contract for Market Structure.","sourceId":null,"sourceUrl":null,"confidenceLevel":"bounded","indicatorId":null,"entityCode":null,"observationCount":null,"firstYear":null,"latestYear":null,"preferredView":null,"sourceIds":null,"guardrail":"A topic-to-question link records one exact institutional agenda membership; it does not rank urgency, importance, evidence strength, or imply a shared finding."},{"id":"topic-question:market-structure:market-cr4:us-mobile-operating-system-usage","layer":"research","relationshipType":"topic_question","relationshipLabel":"Declared agenda membership","fromId":"topic:market-structure","fromKind":"topic","fromLabel":"Market Structure","fromHref":"/research/topics/market-structure","toId":"question:market-cr4:us-mobile-operating-system-usage","toKind":"question","toLabel":"Which participant-share changes account for the structural movement, and are the denominator and coverage stable across both anchors?","toHref":"/research/agenda/market-cr4--us-mobile-operating-system-usage","evidenceLabel":"Research topic agenda contract","evidenceDetail":"Q35, Which participant-share changes account for the structural movement, and are the denominator and coverage stable across both anchors?, is included by the exact domain or entity contract for Market Structure.","sourceId":null,"sourceUrl":null,"confidenceLevel":"bounded","indicatorId":null,"entityCode":null,"observationCount":null,"firstYear":null,"latestYear":null,"preferredView":null,"sourceIds":null,"guardrail":"A topic-to-question link records one exact institutional agenda membership; it does not rank urgency, importance, evidence strength, or imply a shared finding."},{"id":"topic-question:market-structure:market-cr4:us-search-engine-usage","layer":"research","relationshipType":"topic_question","relationshipLabel":"Declared agenda membership","fromId":"topic:market-structure","fromKind":"topic","fromLabel":"Market Structure","fromHref":"/research/topics/market-structure","toId":"question:market-cr4:us-search-engine-usage","toKind":"question","toLabel":"Which participant-share changes account for the structural movement, and are the denominator and coverage stable across both anchors?","toHref":"/research/agenda/market-cr4--us-search-engine-usage","evidenceLabel":"Research topic agenda contract","evidenceDetail":"Q38, Which participant-share changes account for the structural movement, and are the denominator and coverage stable across both anchors?, is included by the exact domain or entity contract for Market Structure.","sourceId":null,"sourceUrl":null,"confidenceLevel":"bounded","indicatorId":null,"entityCode":null,"observationCount":null,"firstYear":null,"latestYear":null,"preferredView":null,"sourceIds":null,"guardrail":"A topic-to-question link records one exact institutional agenda membership; it does not rank urgency, importance, evidence strength, or imply a shared finding."},{"id":"topic-question:market-structure:market-cr4:us-social-media-referral-traffic","layer":"research","relationshipType":"topic_question","relationshipLabel":"Declared agenda membership","fromId":"topic:market-structure","fromKind":"topic","fromLabel":"Market Structure","fromHref":"/research/topics/market-structure","toId":"question:market-cr4:us-social-media-referral-traffic","toKind":"question","toLabel":"Which participant-share changes account for the structural movement, and are the denominator and coverage stable across both anchors?","toHref":"/research/agenda/market-cr4--us-social-media-referral-traffic","evidenceLabel":"Research topic agenda contract","evidenceDetail":"Q41, Which participant-share changes account for the structural movement, and are the denominator and coverage stable across both anchors?, is included by the exact domain or entity contract for Market Structure.","sourceId":null,"sourceUrl":null,"confidenceLevel":"bounded","indicatorId":null,"entityCode":null,"observationCount":null,"firstYear":null,"latestYear":null,"preferredView":null,"sourceIds":null,"guardrail":"A topic-to-question link records one exact institutional agenda membership; it does not rank urgency, importance, evidence strength, or imply a shared finding."},{"id":"topic-question:market-structure:market-cr4:us-steer-heifer-meatpacking-purchases","layer":"research","relationshipType":"topic_question","relationshipLabel":"Declared agenda membership","fromId":"topic:market-structure","fromKind":"topic","fromLabel":"Market Structure","fromHref":"/research/topics/market-structure","toId":"question:market-cr4:us-steer-heifer-meatpacking-purchases","toKind":"question","toLabel":"Which participant-share changes account for the structural movement, and are the denominator and coverage stable across both anchors?","toHref":"/research/agenda/market-cr4--us-steer-heifer-meatpacking-purchases","evidenceLabel":"Research topic agenda contract","evidenceDetail":"Q30, Which participant-share changes account for the structural movement, and are the denominator and coverage stable across both anchors?, is included by the exact domain or entity contract for Market Structure.","sourceId":null,"sourceUrl":null,"confidenceLevel":"bounded","indicatorId":null,"entityCode":null,"observationCount":null,"firstYear":null,"latestYear":null,"preferredView":null,"sourceIds":null,"guardrail":"A topic-to-question link records one exact institutional agenda membership; it does not rank urgency, importance, evidence strength, or imply a shared finding."},{"id":"topic-question:market-structure:market-hhi:us-browser-usage","layer":"research","relationshipType":"topic_question","relationshipLabel":"Declared agenda membership","fromId":"topic:market-structure","fromKind":"topic","fromLabel":"Market Structure","fromHref":"/research/topics/market-structure","toId":"question:market-hhi:us-browser-usage","toKind":"question","toLabel":"Which entry, exit, share, switching, price, quality, or capacity evidence can explain the movement inside this exact market boundary?","toHref":"/research/agenda/market-hhi--us-browser-usage","evidenceLabel":"Research topic agenda contract","evidenceDetail":"Q32, Which entry, exit, share, switching, price, quality, or capacity evidence can explain the movement inside this exact market boundary?, is included by the exact domain or entity contract for Market Structure.","sourceId":null,"sourceUrl":null,"confidenceLevel":"bounded","indicatorId":null,"entityCode":null,"observationCount":null,"firstYear":null,"latestYear":null,"preferredView":null,"sourceIds":null,"guardrail":"A topic-to-question link records one exact institutional agenda membership; it does not rank urgency, importance, evidence strength, or imply a shared finding."},{"id":"topic-question:market-structure:market-hhi:us-fixed-broadband-access","layer":"research","relationshipType":"topic_question","relationshipLabel":"Declared agenda membership","fromId":"topic:market-structure","fromKind":"topic","fromLabel":"Market Structure","fromHref":"/research/topics/market-structure","toId":"question:market-hhi:us-fixed-broadband-access","toKind":"question","toLabel":"Which entry, exit, share, switching, price, quality, or capacity evidence can explain the movement inside this exact market boundary?","toHref":"/research/agenda/market-hhi--us-fixed-broadband-access","evidenceLabel":"Research topic agenda contract","evidenceDetail":"Q34, Which entry, exit, share, switching, price, quality, or capacity evidence can explain the movement inside this exact market boundary?, is included by the exact domain or entity contract for Market Structure.","sourceId":null,"sourceUrl":null,"confidenceLevel":"bounded","indicatorId":null,"entityCode":null,"observationCount":null,"firstYear":null,"latestYear":null,"preferredView":null,"sourceIds":null,"guardrail":"A topic-to-question link records one exact institutional agenda membership; it does not rank urgency, importance, evidence strength, or imply a shared finding."},{"id":"topic-question:market-structure:market-hhi:us-mobile-operating-system-usage","layer":"research","relationshipType":"topic_question","relationshipLabel":"Declared agenda membership","fromId":"topic:market-structure","fromKind":"topic","fromLabel":"Market Structure","fromHref":"/research/topics/market-structure","toId":"question:market-hhi:us-mobile-operating-system-usage","toKind":"question","toLabel":"Which entry, exit, share, switching, price, quality, or capacity evidence can explain the movement inside this exact market boundary?","toHref":"/research/agenda/market-hhi--us-mobile-operating-system-usage","evidenceLabel":"Research topic agenda contract","evidenceDetail":"Q36, Which entry, exit, share, switching, price, quality, or capacity evidence can explain the movement inside this exact market boundary?, is included by the exact domain or entity contract for Market Structure.","sourceId":null,"sourceUrl":null,"confidenceLevel":"bounded","indicatorId":null,"entityCode":null,"observationCount":null,"firstYear":null,"latestYear":null,"preferredView":null,"sourceIds":null,"guardrail":"A topic-to-question link records one exact institutional agenda membership; it does not rank urgency, importance, evidence strength, or imply a shared finding."},{"id":"topic-question:market-structure:market-hhi:us-mobile-wireless-service","layer":"research","relationshipType":"topic_question","relationshipLabel":"Declared agenda membership","fromId":"topic:market-structure","fromKind":"topic","fromLabel":"Market Structure","fromHref":"/research/topics/market-structure","toId":"question:market-hhi:us-mobile-wireless-service","toKind":"question","toLabel":"Which entry, exit, share, switching, price, quality, or capacity evidence can explain the movement inside this exact market boundary?","toHref":"/research/agenda/market-hhi--us-mobile-wireless-service","evidenceLabel":"Research topic agenda contract","evidenceDetail":"Q44, Which entry, exit, share, switching, price, quality, or capacity evidence can explain the movement inside this exact market boundary?, is included by the exact domain or entity contract for Market Structure.","sourceId":null,"sourceUrl":null,"confidenceLevel":"bounded","indicatorId":null,"entityCode":null,"observationCount":null,"firstYear":null,"latestYear":null,"preferredView":null,"sourceIds":null,"guardrail":"A topic-to-question link records one exact institutional agenda membership; it does not rank urgency, importance, evidence strength, or imply a shared finding."},{"id":"topic-question:market-structure:market-hhi:us-search-engine-usage","layer":"research","relationshipType":"topic_question","relationshipLabel":"Declared agenda membership","fromId":"topic:market-structure","fromKind":"topic","fromLabel":"Market Structure","fromHref":"/research/topics/market-structure","toId":"question:market-hhi:us-search-engine-usage","toKind":"question","toLabel":"Which entry, exit, share, switching, price, quality, or capacity evidence can explain the movement inside this exact market boundary?","toHref":"/research/agenda/market-hhi--us-search-engine-usage","evidenceLabel":"Research topic agenda contract","evidenceDetail":"Q39, Which entry, exit, share, switching, price, quality, or capacity evidence can explain the movement inside this exact market boundary?, is included by the exact domain or entity contract for Market Structure.","sourceId":null,"sourceUrl":null,"confidenceLevel":"bounded","indicatorId":null,"entityCode":null,"observationCount":null,"firstYear":null,"latestYear":null,"preferredView":null,"sourceIds":null,"guardrail":"A topic-to-question link records one exact institutional agenda membership; it does not rank urgency, importance, evidence strength, or imply a shared finding."},{"id":"topic-question:market-structure:market-hhi:us-social-media-referral-traffic","layer":"research","relationshipType":"topic_question","relationshipLabel":"Declared agenda membership","fromId":"topic:market-structure","fromKind":"topic","fromLabel":"Market Structure","fromHref":"/research/topics/market-structure","toId":"question:market-hhi:us-social-media-referral-traffic","toKind":"question","toLabel":"Which entry, exit, share, switching, price, quality, or capacity evidence can explain the movement inside this exact market boundary?","toHref":"/research/agenda/market-hhi--us-social-media-referral-traffic","evidenceLabel":"Research topic agenda contract","evidenceDetail":"Q42, Which entry, exit, share, switching, price, quality, or capacity evidence can explain the movement inside this exact market boundary?, is included by the exact domain or entity contract for Market Structure.","sourceId":null,"sourceUrl":null,"confidenceLevel":"bounded","indicatorId":null,"entityCode":null,"observationCount":null,"firstYear":null,"latestYear":null,"preferredView":null,"sourceIds":null,"guardrail":"A topic-to-question link records one exact institutional agenda membership; it does not rank urgency, importance, evidence strength, or imply a shared finding."},{"id":"topic-question:market-structure:market-leader-share:us-browser-usage","layer":"research","relationshipType":"topic_question","relationshipLabel":"Declared agenda membership","fromId":"topic:market-structure","fromKind":"topic","fromLabel":"Market Structure","fromHref":"/research/topics/market-structure","toId":"question:market-leader-share:us-browser-usage","toKind":"question","toLabel":"Which participant-share changes account for the structural movement, and are the denominator and coverage stable across both anchors?","toHref":"/research/agenda/market-leader-share--us-browser-usage","evidenceLabel":"Research topic agenda contract","evidenceDetail":"Q33, Which participant-share changes account for the structural movement, and are the denominator and coverage stable across both anchors?, is included by the exact domain or entity contract for Market Structure.","sourceId":null,"sourceUrl":null,"confidenceLevel":"bounded","indicatorId":null,"entityCode":null,"observationCount":null,"firstYear":null,"latestYear":null,"preferredView":null,"sourceIds":null,"guardrail":"A topic-to-question link records one exact institutional agenda membership; it does not rank urgency, importance, evidence strength, or imply a shared finding."},{"id":"topic-question:market-structure:market-leader-share:us-mobile-operating-system-usage","layer":"research","relationshipType":"topic_question","relationshipLabel":"Declared agenda membership","fromId":"topic:market-structure","fromKind":"topic","fromLabel":"Market Structure","fromHref":"/research/topics/market-structure","toId":"question:market-leader-share:us-mobile-operating-system-usage","toKind":"question","toLabel":"Which participant-share changes account for the structural movement, and are the denominator and coverage stable across both anchors?","toHref":"/research/agenda/market-leader-share--us-mobile-operating-system-usage","evidenceLabel":"Research topic agenda contract","evidenceDetail":"Q37, Which participant-share changes account for the structural movement, and are the denominator and coverage stable across both anchors?, is included by the exact domain or entity contract for Market Structure.","sourceId":null,"sourceUrl":null,"confidenceLevel":"bounded","indicatorId":null,"entityCode":null,"observationCount":null,"firstYear":null,"latestYear":null,"preferredView":null,"sourceIds":null,"guardrail":"A topic-to-question link records one exact institutional agenda membership; it does not rank urgency, importance, evidence strength, or imply a shared finding."},{"id":"topic-question:market-structure:market-leader-share:us-search-engine-usage","layer":"research","relationshipType":"topic_question","relationshipLabel":"Declared agenda membership","fromId":"topic:market-structure","fromKind":"topic","fromLabel":"Market Structure","fromHref":"/research/topics/market-structure","toId":"question:market-leader-share:us-search-engine-usage","toKind":"question","toLabel":"Which participant-share changes account for the structural movement, and are the denominator and coverage stable across both anchors?","toHref":"/research/agenda/market-leader-share--us-search-engine-usage","evidenceLabel":"Research topic agenda contract","evidenceDetail":"Q40, Which participant-share changes account for the structural movement, and are the denominator and coverage stable across both anchors?, is included by the exact domain or entity contract for Market Structure.","sourceId":null,"sourceUrl":null,"confidenceLevel":"bounded","indicatorId":null,"entityCode":null,"observationCount":null,"firstYear":null,"latestYear":null,"preferredView":null,"sourceIds":null,"guardrail":"A topic-to-question link records one exact institutional agenda membership; it does not rank urgency, importance, evidence strength, or imply a shared finding."},{"id":"topic-question:market-structure:market-leader-share:us-social-media-referral-traffic","layer":"research","relationshipType":"topic_question","relationshipLabel":"Declared agenda membership","fromId":"topic:market-structure","fromKind":"topic","fromLabel":"Market Structure","fromHref":"/research/topics/market-structure","toId":"question:market-leader-share:us-social-media-referral-traffic","toKind":"question","toLabel":"Which participant-share changes account for the structural movement, and are the denominator and coverage stable across both anchors?","toHref":"/research/agenda/market-leader-share--us-social-media-referral-traffic","evidenceLabel":"Research topic agenda contract","evidenceDetail":"Q43, Which participant-share changes account for the structural movement, and are the denominator and coverage stable across both anchors?, is included by the exact domain or entity contract for Market Structure.","sourceId":null,"sourceUrl":null,"confidenceLevel":"bounded","indicatorId":null,"entityCode":null,"observationCount":null,"firstYear":null,"latestYear":null,"preferredView":null,"sourceIds":null,"guardrail":"A topic-to-question link records one exact institutional agenda membership; it does not rank urgency, importance, evidence strength, or imply a shared finding."}]}