{"license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","dataset":"atlas","updatedThrough":"2026-08-15","guardrail":"The atlas exposes only relationships declared in the current public data. A link or issue grouping does not make unlike measures comparable, establish ownership or control, define an antitrust market, assign liability, or show that a policy event caused an economic outcome.","filters":{"depth":2,"edgeType":"all","edgeTypeMatched":true,"focus":"issue:communications-infrastructure","focusMatched":true,"kind":"all","kindMatched":true,"layer":"all","layerMatched":true,"query":"","view":"network"},"summary":{"nodeCount":5478,"edgeCount":19193,"sourceCount":45,"profileCount":5433,"nodeKindCount":13,"layerCount":4,"eligibleEdgeCount":19193,"matchedNodeCount":51,"plottedEdgeCount":75,"plottedNodeCount":48,"hiddenNodeCount":3,"directNeighborCount":4},"focusNode":{"id":"issue:communications-infrastructure","kind":"issue","label":"Communications infrastructure","shortLabel":"Communications","description":"Where do local communications concentration, network access, switching, and investment constrain rivalry across separately measured wireless and fixed systems?","href":"/issues/communications-infrastructure","metricLabel":"Bounded markets","metricValue":"2","detail":"2 separately defined markets / editorial research program","status":"issue program","year":2024,"color":"#c026d3","searchText":"communications infrastructure communications wireless, fixed access, geography, and entry the program connects two separately bounded fcc concentration systems: mobile wireless hhi weighted across economic areas and fixed-broadband hhi reported nationally and as state, county, and census-tract medians. where do local communications concentration, network access, switching, and investment constrain rivalry across separately measured wireless and fixed systems? how does concentration vary across economic areas, states, counties, census tracts, service tiers, and consumer segments behind the published summaries? which provider-level shares, spectrum, wholesale access, switching, deployment, price, quality, and network-investment records explain entry conditions over time? what evidence distinguishes merger remedies, deployment programs, and regulatory changes from durable competitive outcomes? u.s. mobile wireless service wireless service telecommunications u.s. residential fixed broadband access fixed broadband telecommunications","connectionCount":4},"nodes":[{"id":"issue:communications-infrastructure","kind":"issue","label":"Communications infrastructure","shortLabel":"Communications","description":"Where do local communications concentration, network access, switching, and investment constrain rivalry across separately measured wireless and fixed systems?","href":"/issues/communications-infrastructure","metricLabel":"Bounded markets","metricValue":"2","detail":"2 separately defined markets / editorial research program","status":"issue program","year":2024,"color":"#c026d3","searchText":"communications infrastructure communications wireless, fixed access, geography, and entry the program connects two separately bounded fcc concentration systems: mobile wireless hhi weighted across economic areas and fixed-broadband hhi reported nationally and as state, county, and census-tract medians. where do local communications concentration, network access, switching, and investment constrain rivalry across separately measured wireless and fixed systems? how does concentration vary across economic areas, states, counties, census tracts, service tiers, and consumer segments behind the published summaries? which provider-level shares, spectrum, wholesale access, switching, deployment, price, quality, and network-investment records explain entry conditions over time? what evidence distinguishes merger remedies, deployment programs, and regulatory changes from durable competitive outcomes? u.s. mobile wireless service wireless service telecommunications u.s. residential fixed broadband access fixed broadband telecommunications","connectionCount":4,"distance":0,"labelVisible":true,"radius":20,"x":450,"y":260},{"id":"market:mkt-wireless","kind":"market","label":"U.S. mobile wireless service","shortLabel":"Wireless service","description":"Mobile wireless service competition using FCC-reported weighted average HHI by economic area. Firm-level shares are not shown because the FCC report publishes the concentration metric rather than a full public carrier share table.","href":"/markets/us-mobile-wireless-service","metricLabel":"Latest HHI","metricValue":"3,550","detail":"United States / 2023","status":"verified","year":2023,"color":"#14b8a6","searchText":"u.s. mobile wireless service wireless service telecommunications united states mobile wireless service competition using fcc-reported weighted average hhi by economic area. firm-level shares are not shown because the fcc report publishes the concentration metric rather than a full public carrier share table.","connectionCount":10,"x":450,"y":112,"distance":1,"radius":11,"labelVisible":true},{"id":"market:mkt-fixed-broadband","kind":"market","label":"U.S. residential fixed broadband access","shortLabel":"Fixed broadband","description":"Residential fixed-internet competition using FCC-reported HHI for connections of at least 100 Mbps downstream and 20 Mbps upstream. The profile publishes annual December national anchors and links to the same-source state, county, and census-tract median series without treating those geographic summaries as one market.","href":"/markets/us-fixed-broadband-access","metricLabel":"Latest HHI","metricValue":"1,501","detail":"United States / separately reported state, county, and census-tract summaries / 2024","status":"verified","year":2024,"color":"#14b8a6","searchText":"u.s. residential fixed broadband access fixed broadband telecommunications united states / separately reported state, county, and census-tract summaries residential fixed-internet competition using fcc-reported hhi for connections of at least 100 mbps downstream and 20 mbps upstream. the profile publishes annual december national anchors and links to the same-source state, county, and census-tract median series without treating those geographic summaries as one market.","connectionCount":7,"x":598,"y":260,"distance":1,"radius":11,"labelVisible":true},{"id":"topic:market-structure","kind":"topic","label":"Market Structure","shortLabel":"Market Structure","description":"Where is market power concentrated, how is structure changing, and which competitive mechanism still needs to be tested?","href":"/research/topics/market-structure","metricLabel":"Publication memberships","metricValue":"9","detail":"AR-T01 / 6 issue programs / 5 evidence lanes","status":"institutional research topic","year":2026,"color":"#ea580c","searchText":"ar-t01 market structure markets where is market power concentrated, how is structure changing, and which competitive mechanism still needs to be tested? connect definition-bound concentration measures, participant shares, historical movement, and public research questions without collapsing unlike markets into one score. a concentration measure is a screen inside its stated product, geography, denominator, and period. it is not by itself proof of market power, harm, causation, liability, or the correct legal market. comparable participant shares, entry and exit, switching, price, quality, capacity, transactions, and stable market-definition records. researchers, journalists, enforcement staff, and public officials ar-sc-2026-01 the u.s. competition landscape ar-mm-2026-01 how hhi helps explain market concentration ar-rb-2026-02 five digital gateways ar-rb-2026-01 beef meatpacking buyer power ar-rb-2026-03 state banking structure, 2015-2025 ar-rb-2026-06 fixed broadband concentration across geographic scales, 2020-2024 ar-rb-2026-07 state individual insurance concentration, 2024 ar-ci-2026-01 latest market-structure signals moved in both directions. ar-ci-2026-02 four digital usage systems traced four different structural paths.","connectionCount":30,"x":450,"y":408,"distance":1,"radius":11,"labelVisible":true},{"id":"topic:geographic-competition","kind":"topic","label":"Geographic Competition","shortLabel":"Geographic Competition","description":"How does competitive structure vary across national, state, county, tract, route, and other local frames?","href":"/research/topics/geographic-competition","metricLabel":"Publication memberships","metricValue":"7","detail":"AR-T04 / 4 issue programs / 5 evidence lanes","status":"institutional research topic","year":2026,"color":"#ea580c","searchText":"ar-t04 geographic competition places how does competitive structure vary across national, state, county, tract, route, and other local frames? connect place-based concentration screens to their exact geography, source vintage, ownership rules, and local-market research needs. a statewide, county, tract, or national screen does not establish a legal geographic market. medians of local hhis are not interchangeable with one national hhi. area-level shares and distributions, ownership and entry histories, local prices and quality, commuting or procurement patterns, capacity, switching, and stable geographic definitions. local officials, researchers, journalists, and community advocates ar-sc-2026-01 the u.s. competition landscape ar-dn-2026-02 housing competition needs local ownership data ar-rb-2026-03 state banking structure, 2015-2025 ar-rb-2026-06 fixed broadband concentration across geographic scales, 2020-2024 ar-rb-2026-07 state individual insurance concentration, 2024 ar-ci-2026-04 geographic concentration screens point in different directions at different scales. ar-ci-2026-05 national fixed-broadband hhi rose while three geographic medians fell.","connectionCount":17,"x":302,"y":260,"distance":1,"radius":11,"labelVisible":true},{"id":"industry:517111","kind":"industry","label":"Wired telecommunications carriers","shortLabel":"517111 Wired telecommu...","description":"2022 Economic Census employer-firm concentration screen for NAICS 517111.","href":"/industries/517111","metricLabel":"Revenue HHI","metricValue":"1,285.9","detail":"3.4K firms / 322.7B revenue","status":"published","year":2022,"color":"#f59e0b","searchText":"517111 wired telecommunications carriers 51","connectionCount":5,"x":468.874,"y":50.85,"distance":2,"radius":8,"labelVisible":false},{"id":"industry:517112","kind":"industry","label":"Wireless telecommunications carriers (except satellite)","shortLabel":"517112 Wireless teleco...","description":"2022 Economic Census employer-firm concentration screen for NAICS 517112.","href":"/industries/517112","metricLabel":"Revenue HHI","metricValue":"3,074.2","detail":"1.2K firms / 283B revenue","status":"published","year":2022,"color":"#f59e0b","searchText":"517112 wireless telecommunications carriers (except satellite) 51","connectionCount":5,"x":527.034,"y":64.64,"distance":2,"radius":8,"labelVisible":false},{"id":"issue:digital-gateways","kind":"issue","label":"Digital platform gateways","shortLabel":"Digital gateways","description":"How do defaults, distribution agreements, data access, and adjacent-platform positions shape entry across separately measured digital systems?","href":"/issues/digital-platform-gateways","metricLabel":"Bounded markets","metricValue":"5","detail":"5 separately defined markets / editorial research program","status":"issue program","year":2026,"color":"#c026d3","searchText":"digital platform gateways digital gateways defaults, distribution, and adjacent platforms search, browsers, mobile operating systems, social referrals, and generative ai assistants are tracked as separate usage-share proxies while the issue program follows their declared product, operator, and official-record links. how do defaults, distribution agreements, data access, and adjacent-platform positions shape entry across separately measured digital systems? which distribution agreements and default placements affect switching at each gateway? where do data, compute, interoperability, or access conditions constrain entry without assuming the same mechanism across products? which firm-level and user-level records can separate usage movement from changes in product quality, availability, or measurement? u.s. search engine usage search engines digital platforms u.s. browser usage browsers software u.s. generative ai assistant usage ai assistants digital platforms u.s. mobile operating-system web usage mobile operating systems digital platforms u.s. social-media referral traffic social referrals digital platforms","connectionCount":8,"x":578.953,"y":94.256,"distance":2,"radius":8,"labelVisible":false},{"id":"issue:food-buyer-power","kind":"issue","label":"Food systems and buyer power","shortLabel":"Food buyer power","description":"How does buyer concentration in regional cattle procurement affect producer options, contract terms, and supply-chain resilience?","href":"/issues/food-systems-and-buyer-power","metricLabel":"Bounded markets","metricValue":"1","detail":"1 separately defined market / editorial research program","status":"issue program","year":2019,"color":"#c026d3","searchText":"food systems and buyer power food buyer power procurement options, regional boundaries, and resilience the program follows the usda national beef-packer cr4 series into a buyer-power research frame while preserving the need for regional procurement markets and firm-level evidence. how does buyer concentration in regional cattle procurement affect producer options, contract terms, and supply-chain resilience? which plant-level purchases, procurement distances, capacity, contracts, and prices define regional buyer alternatives? how do entry, exit, outages, captive supply, and transportation costs change producer bargaining options? which firm-level records can disaggregate the national cr4 without inferring equal shares among the four largest buyers? u.s. steer and heifer purchases by beef packers beef meatpacking food and agriculture","connectionCount":4,"x":620.425,"y":137.3,"distance":2,"radius":8,"labelVisible":false},{"id":"issue:health-care-intermediaries","kind":"issue","label":"Health care intermediaries","shortLabel":"Health intermediaries","description":"How do insurer structure, PBM contracting, rebate, formulary, network, and organizational relationships affect competition and patient access across separately measured health-care systems?","href":"/issues/health-care-intermediaries","metricLabel":"Bounded markets","metricValue":"2","detail":"2 separately defined markets / editorial research program","status":"issue program","year":2024,"color":"#c026d3","searchText":"health care intermediaries health intermediaries insurance, pbm contracting, access, and public-data gaps the program connects the 2024 kff state individual-insurance concentration cross-section to separately bounded public pbm facts, named official records, source limits, and evidence requests without treating payer and prescription-intermediary systems as one market. how do insurer structure, pbm contracting, rebate, formulary, network, and organizational relationships affect competition and patient access across separately measured health-care systems? which comparable state insurer enrollment, claims, prescription, rebate, and network records can establish firm-level structure under stable ownership identifiers? how do plan entry, insurer structure, contracting, formulary, and network practices differ across payer, pharmacy, patient, and geographic segments? which ownership and control relationships are supported by exact filings rather than name similarity or market context? u.s. pharmacy benefit management pbms health care u.s. aca individual health insurance individual insurance health insurance","connectionCount":4,"x":648.09,"y":190.285,"distance":2,"radius":8,"labelVisible":false},{"id":"issue:housing-access","kind":"issue","label":"Housing access and local power","shortLabel":"Housing access","description":"Which local ownership, pricing, supply, and platform records can identify where renters face weakened competitive choice?","href":"/issues/housing-access-and-local-power","metricLabel":"Bounded markets","metricValue":"1","detail":"1 separately defined market / editorial research program","status":"issue program","year":2026,"color":"#c026d3","searchText":"housing access and local power housing access ownership, pricing systems, supply, and place the program joins national housing-access evidence to selected ownership and official-record context while keeping the underlying competition problem local. which local ownership, pricing, supply, and platform records can identify where renters face weakened competitive choice? where can parcel, owner, property-manager, rent, vacancy, and transaction data be joined at a stable local geography? how should pricing-software use, information exchange, ownership concentration, and supply constraints be measured separately? which local comparisons can test entry, rent, quality, and displacement outcomes without treating co-movement as causation? u.s. rental housing access rental housing real estate","connectionCount":4,"x":659.707,"y":248.917,"distance":2,"radius":8,"labelVisible":false},{"id":"issue:transportation-networks","kind":"issue","label":"Transportation networks","shortLabel":"Transportation","description":"How do route-level entry, capacity, airport constraints, and consolidation shape passenger choice beyond national shares?","href":"/issues/transportation-networks","metricLabel":"Bounded markets","metricValue":"1","detail":"1 separately defined market / editorial research program","status":"issue program","year":2026,"color":"#c026d3","searchText":"transportation networks transportation routes, airport access, capacity, and consolidation the program places national airline passenger-share reporting beside route-level research needs and official merger and competition records. how do route-level entry, capacity, airport constraints, and consolidation shape passenger choice beyond national shares? which route-pair, airport, schedule, fare, capacity, and entry records define competitive alternatives for travelers? how do slot, gate, loyalty, and network constraints differ across airports and traveler segments? which before-and-after records can evaluate transactions or remedies without attributing every observed change to one event? u.s. domestic airline passengers domestic airlines transportation","connectionCount":4,"x":654.335,"y":308.448,"distance":2,"radius":8,"labelVisible":false},{"id":"question:market-hhi:us-browser-usage","kind":"question","label":"Which entry, exit, share, switching, price, quality, or capacity evidence can explain the movement inside this exact market boundary?","shortLabel":"Browsers: Herfindahl-Hirs...","description":"Browsers moved from 3,720 in 2025 to 3,612 in 2026 (-108.0 HHI points). The latest encoded HHI anchor is lower within this documented market series. The change alone does not identify a cause or establish competitive harm.","href":"/research/agenda/market-hhi--us-browser-usage","metricLabel":"Herfindahl-Hirschman Index","metricValue":"3,612","detail":"Q32 / Mechanism / 2026","status":"decreased / estimated public","year":2026,"color":"#65a30d","searchText":"market-hhi:us-browser-usage which entry, exit, share, switching, price, quality, or capacity evidence can explain the movement inside this exact market boundary? browsers market-hhi herfindahl-hirschman index market mechanism test entry, exit, switching, price, quality, capacity, and share pathways inside the declared market boundary. browsers moved from 3,720 in 2025 to 3,612 in 2026 (-108.0 hhi points). the latest encoded hhi anchor is lower within this documented market series. the change alone does not identify a cause or establish competitive harm. entry and exit chronology for the same product and geographic boundary. participant shares at both observed anchors, including acquisitions and denominator changes. switching, price, quality, output, and capacity records covering the comparison window. method documentation confirming the market boundary and measurement basis across both anchors.","connectionCount":3,"x":632.409,"y":364.053,"distance":2,"radius":8,"labelVisible":false},{"id":"question:market-hhi:us-mobile-operating-system-usage","kind":"question","label":"Which entry, exit, share, switching, price, quality, or capacity evidence can explain the movement inside this exact market boundary?","shortLabel":"Mobile operating systems:...","description":"Mobile operating systems moved from 5,094 in 2025 to 5,337 in 2026 (+243.0 HHI points). The latest encoded HHI anchor is higher within this documented market series. The change alone does not identify a cause or establish competitive harm.","href":"/research/agenda/market-hhi--us-mobile-operating-system-usage","metricLabel":"Herfindahl-Hirschman Index","metricValue":"5,337","detail":"Q36 / Mechanism / 2026","status":"increased / estimated public","year":2026,"color":"#65a30d","searchText":"market-hhi:us-mobile-operating-system-usage which entry, exit, share, switching, price, quality, or capacity evidence can explain the movement inside this exact market boundary? mobile operating systems market-hhi herfindahl-hirschman index market mechanism test entry, exit, switching, price, quality, capacity, and share pathways inside the declared market boundary. mobile operating systems moved from 5,094 in 2025 to 5,337 in 2026 (+243.0 hhi points). the latest encoded hhi anchor is higher within this documented market series. the change alone does not identify a cause or establish competitive harm. entry and exit chronology for the same product and geographic boundary. participant shares at both observed anchors, including acquisitions and denominator changes. switching, price, quality, output, and capacity records covering the comparison window. method documentation confirming the market boundary and measurement basis across both anchors.","connectionCount":3,"x":595.705,"y":411.229,"distance":2,"radius":8,"labelVisible":false},{"id":"question:market-hhi:us-search-engine-usage","kind":"question","label":"Which entry, exit, share, switching, price, quality, or capacity evidence can explain the movement inside this exact market boundary?","shortLabel":"Search engines: Herfindah...","description":"Search engines moved from 7,589 in 2025 to 7,359 in 2026 (-230.0 HHI points). The latest encoded HHI anchor is lower within this documented market series. The change alone does not identify a cause or establish competitive harm.","href":"/research/agenda/market-hhi--us-search-engine-usage","metricLabel":"Herfindahl-Hirschman Index","metricValue":"7,359","detail":"Q39 / Mechanism / 2026","status":"decreased / estimated public","year":2026,"color":"#65a30d","searchText":"market-hhi:us-search-engine-usage which entry, exit, share, switching, price, quality, or capacity evidence can explain the movement inside this exact market boundary? search engines market-hhi herfindahl-hirschman index market mechanism test entry, exit, switching, price, quality, capacity, and share pathways inside the declared market boundary. search engines moved from 7,589 in 2025 to 7,359 in 2026 (-230.0 hhi points). the latest encoded hhi anchor is lower within this documented market series. the change alone does not identify a cause or establish competitive harm. entry and exit chronology for the same product and geographic boundary. participant shares at both observed anchors, including acquisitions and denominator changes. switching, price, quality, output, and capacity records covering the comparison window. method documentation confirming the market boundary and measurement basis across both anchors.","connectionCount":3,"x":547.197,"y":446.153,"distance":2,"radius":8,"labelVisible":false},{"id":"question:market-hhi:us-social-media-referral-traffic","kind":"question","label":"Which entry, exit, share, switching, price, quality, or capacity evidence can explain the movement inside this exact market boundary?","shortLabel":"Social referrals: Herfind...","description":"Social referrals moved from 3,804 in 2025 to 4,995 in 2026 (+1,191.0 HHI points). The latest encoded HHI anchor is higher within this documented market series. The change alone does not identify a cause or establish competitive harm.","href":"/research/agenda/market-hhi--us-social-media-referral-traffic","metricLabel":"Herfindahl-Hirschman Index","metricValue":"4,995","detail":"Q42 / Mechanism / 2026","status":"increased / estimated public","year":2026,"color":"#65a30d","searchText":"market-hhi:us-social-media-referral-traffic which entry, exit, share, switching, price, quality, or capacity evidence can explain the movement inside this exact market boundary? social referrals market-hhi herfindahl-hirschman index market mechanism test entry, exit, switching, price, quality, capacity, and share pathways inside the declared market boundary. social referrals moved from 3,804 in 2025 to 4,995 in 2026 (+1,191.0 hhi points). the latest encoded hhi anchor is higher within this documented market series. the change alone does not identify a cause or establish competitive harm. entry and exit chronology for the same product and geographic boundary. participant shares at both observed anchors, including acquisitions and denominator changes. switching, price, quality, output, and capacity records covering the comparison window. method documentation confirming the market boundary and measurement basis across both anchors.","connectionCount":3,"x":490.814,"y":465.996,"distance":2,"radius":8,"labelVisible":false},{"id":"question:market-cr4:us-browser-usage","kind":"question","label":"Which participant-share changes account for the structural movement, and are the denominator and coverage stable across both anchors?","shortLabel":"Browsers: Four-participan...","description":"Browsers moved from 93.6% in 2025 to 93.8% in 2026 (+0.15 percentage points). The latest encoded CR4 anchor is higher within this documented market series. The change alone does not identify a cause or establish competitive harm.","href":"/research/agenda/market-cr4--us-browser-usage","metricLabel":"Four-participant concentration ratio","metricValue":"93.8%","detail":"Q31 / Shares / 2026","status":"increased / estimated public","year":2026,"color":"#65a30d","searchText":"market-cr4:us-browser-usage which participant-share changes account for the structural movement, and are the denominator and coverage stable across both anchors? browsers market-cr4 four-participant concentration ratio share accounting reconstruct participant-share movement while checking denominator, coverage, entry, exit, and transaction changes. browsers moved from 93.6% in 2025 to 93.8% in 2026 (+0.15 percentage points). the latest encoded cr4 anchor is higher within this documented market series. the change alone does not identify a cause or establish competitive harm. firm- or product-level shares at both anchors using the same denominator. share changes attributable to entry, exit, acquisition, divestiture, or organic movement. coverage, missing-participant, and residual-category documentation for each anchor. source methodology showing whether measurement and participant classification stayed stable.","connectionCount":3,"x":431.126,"y":469.15,"distance":2,"radius":8,"labelVisible":false},{"id":"question:market-cr4:us-mobile-operating-system-usage","kind":"question","label":"Which participant-share changes account for the structural movement, and are the denominator and coverage stable across both anchors?","shortLabel":"Mobile operating systems:...","description":"Mobile operating systems moved from 100.0% in 2025 to 100.0% in 2026 (+0.04 percentage points). The latest encoded CR4 anchor is higher within this documented market series. The change alone does not identify a cause or establish competitive harm.","href":"/research/agenda/market-cr4--us-mobile-operating-system-usage","metricLabel":"Four-participant concentration ratio","metricValue":"100.0%","detail":"Q35 / Shares / 2026","status":"increased / estimated public","year":2026,"color":"#65a30d","searchText":"market-cr4:us-mobile-operating-system-usage which participant-share changes account for the structural movement, and are the denominator and coverage stable across both anchors? mobile operating systems market-cr4 four-participant concentration ratio share accounting reconstruct participant-share movement while checking denominator, coverage, entry, exit, and transaction changes. mobile operating systems moved from 100.0% in 2025 to 100.0% in 2026 (+0.04 percentage points). the latest encoded cr4 anchor is higher within this documented market series. the change alone does not identify a cause or establish competitive harm. firm- or product-level shares at both anchors using the same denominator. share changes attributable to entry, exit, acquisition, divestiture, or organic movement. coverage, missing-participant, and residual-category documentation for each anchor. source methodology showing whether measurement and participant classification stayed stable.","connectionCount":3,"x":372.966,"y":455.36,"distance":2,"radius":8,"labelVisible":false},{"id":"question:market-cr4:us-search-engine-usage","kind":"question","label":"Which participant-share changes account for the structural movement, and are the denominator and coverage stable across both anchors?","shortLabel":"Search engines: Four-part...","description":"Search engines moved from 99.4% in 2025 to 99.4% in 2026 (-0.02 percentage points). The latest encoded CR4 anchor is lower within this documented market series. The change alone does not identify a cause or establish competitive harm.","href":"/research/agenda/market-cr4--us-search-engine-usage","metricLabel":"Four-participant concentration ratio","metricValue":"99.4%","detail":"Q38 / Shares / 2026","status":"decreased / estimated public","year":2026,"color":"#65a30d","searchText":"market-cr4:us-search-engine-usage which participant-share changes account for the structural movement, and are the denominator and coverage stable across both anchors? search engines market-cr4 four-participant concentration ratio share accounting reconstruct participant-share movement while checking denominator, coverage, entry, exit, and transaction changes. search engines moved from 99.4% in 2025 to 99.4% in 2026 (-0.02 percentage points). the latest encoded cr4 anchor is lower within this documented market series. the change alone does not identify a cause or establish competitive harm. firm- or product-level shares at both anchors using the same denominator. share changes attributable to entry, exit, acquisition, divestiture, or organic movement. coverage, missing-participant, and residual-category documentation for each anchor. source methodology showing whether measurement and participant classification stayed stable.","connectionCount":3,"x":321.047,"y":425.744,"distance":2,"radius":8,"labelVisible":false},{"id":"question:market-cr4:us-social-media-referral-traffic","kind":"question","label":"Which participant-share changes account for the structural movement, and are the denominator and coverage stable across both anchors?","shortLabel":"Social referrals: Four-pa...","description":"Social referrals moved from 95.1% in 2025 to 94.4% in 2026 (-0.71 percentage points). The latest encoded CR4 anchor is lower within this documented market series. The change alone does not identify a cause or establish competitive harm.","href":"/research/agenda/market-cr4--us-social-media-referral-traffic","metricLabel":"Four-participant concentration ratio","metricValue":"94.4%","detail":"Q41 / Shares / 2026","status":"decreased / estimated public","year":2026,"color":"#65a30d","searchText":"market-cr4:us-social-media-referral-traffic which participant-share changes account for the structural movement, and are the denominator and coverage stable across both anchors? social referrals market-cr4 four-participant concentration ratio share accounting reconstruct participant-share movement while checking denominator, coverage, entry, exit, and transaction changes. social referrals moved from 95.1% in 2025 to 94.4% in 2026 (-0.71 percentage points). the latest encoded cr4 anchor is lower within this documented market series. the change alone does not identify a cause or establish competitive harm. firm- or product-level shares at both anchors using the same denominator. share changes attributable to entry, exit, acquisition, divestiture, or organic movement. coverage, missing-participant, and residual-category documentation for each anchor. source methodology showing whether measurement and participant classification stayed stable.","connectionCount":3,"x":279.575,"y":382.7,"distance":2,"radius":8,"labelVisible":false},{"id":"question:market-leader-share:us-browser-usage","kind":"question","label":"Which participant-share changes account for the structural movement, and are the denominator and coverage stable across both anchors?","shortLabel":"Browsers: Leading-partici...","description":"Browsers moved from 52.3% in 2025 to 50.0% in 2026 (-2.29 percentage points). The latest encoded Leader share anchor is lower within this documented market series. The change alone does not identify a cause or establish competitive harm.","href":"/research/agenda/market-leader-share--us-browser-usage","metricLabel":"Leading-participant share","metricValue":"50.0%","detail":"Q33 / Shares / 2026","status":"decreased / estimated public","year":2026,"color":"#65a30d","searchText":"market-leader-share:us-browser-usage which participant-share changes account for the structural movement, and are the denominator and coverage stable across both anchors? browsers market-leader-share leading-participant share share accounting reconstruct participant-share movement while checking denominator, coverage, entry, exit, and transaction changes. browsers moved from 52.3% in 2025 to 50.0% in 2026 (-2.29 percentage points). the latest encoded leader share anchor is lower within this documented market series. the change alone does not identify a cause or establish competitive harm. firm- or product-level shares at both anchors using the same denominator. share changes attributable to entry, exit, acquisition, divestiture, or organic movement. coverage, missing-participant, and residual-category documentation for each anchor. source methodology showing whether measurement and participant classification stayed stable.","connectionCount":3,"x":251.91,"y":329.715,"distance":2,"radius":8,"labelVisible":false},{"id":"question:market-leader-share:us-mobile-operating-system-usage","kind":"question","label":"Which participant-share changes account for the structural movement, and are the denominator and coverage stable across both anchors?","shortLabel":"Mobile operating systems:...","description":"Mobile operating systems moved from 57.6% in 2025 to 63.1% in 2026 (+5.48 percentage points). The latest encoded Leader share anchor is higher within this documented market series. The change alone does not identify a cause or establish competitive harm.","href":"/research/agenda/market-leader-share--us-mobile-operating-system-usage","metricLabel":"Leading-participant share","metricValue":"63.1%","detail":"Q37 / Shares / 2026","status":"increased / estimated public","year":2026,"color":"#65a30d","searchText":"market-leader-share:us-mobile-operating-system-usage which participant-share changes account for the structural movement, and are the denominator and coverage stable across both anchors? mobile operating systems market-leader-share leading-participant share share accounting reconstruct participant-share movement while checking denominator, coverage, entry, exit, and transaction changes. mobile operating systems moved from 57.6% in 2025 to 63.1% in 2026 (+5.48 percentage points). the latest encoded leader share anchor is higher within this documented market series. the change alone does not identify a cause or establish competitive harm. firm- or product-level shares at both anchors using the same denominator. share changes attributable to entry, exit, acquisition, divestiture, or organic movement. coverage, missing-participant, and residual-category documentation for each anchor. source methodology showing whether measurement and participant classification stayed stable.","connectionCount":3,"x":240.293,"y":271.083,"distance":2,"radius":8,"labelVisible":false},{"id":"question:market-leader-share:us-search-engine-usage","kind":"question","label":"Which participant-share changes account for the structural movement, and are the denominator and coverage stable across both anchors?","shortLabel":"Search engines: Leading-p...","description":"Search engines moved from 86.7% in 2025 to 85.2% in 2026 (-1.55 percentage points). The latest encoded Leader share anchor is lower within this documented market series. The change alone does not identify a cause or establish competitive harm.","href":"/research/agenda/market-leader-share--us-search-engine-usage","metricLabel":"Leading-participant share","metricValue":"85.2%","detail":"Q40 / Shares / 2026","status":"decreased / estimated public","year":2026,"color":"#65a30d","searchText":"market-leader-share:us-search-engine-usage which participant-share changes account for the structural movement, and are the denominator and coverage stable across both anchors? search engines market-leader-share leading-participant share share accounting reconstruct participant-share movement while checking denominator, coverage, entry, exit, and transaction changes. search engines moved from 86.7% in 2025 to 85.2% in 2026 (-1.55 percentage points). the latest encoded leader share anchor is lower within this documented market series. the change alone does not identify a cause or establish competitive harm. firm- or product-level shares at both anchors using the same denominator. share changes attributable to entry, exit, acquisition, divestiture, or organic movement. coverage, missing-participant, and residual-category documentation for each anchor. source methodology showing whether measurement and participant classification stayed stable.","connectionCount":3,"x":245.665,"y":211.552,"distance":2,"radius":8,"labelVisible":false},{"id":"question:market-leader-share:us-social-media-referral-traffic","kind":"question","label":"Which participant-share changes account for the structural movement, and are the denominator and coverage stable across both anchors?","shortLabel":"Social referrals: Leading...","description":"Social referrals moved from 57.5% in 2025 to 68.9% in 2026 (+11.49 percentage points). The latest encoded Leader share anchor is higher within this documented market series. The change alone does not identify a cause or establish competitive harm.","href":"/research/agenda/market-leader-share--us-social-media-referral-traffic","metricLabel":"Leading-participant share","metricValue":"68.9%","detail":"Q43 / Shares / 2026","status":"increased / estimated public","year":2026,"color":"#65a30d","searchText":"market-leader-share:us-social-media-referral-traffic which participant-share changes account for the structural movement, and are the denominator and coverage stable across both anchors? social referrals market-leader-share leading-participant share share accounting reconstruct participant-share movement while checking denominator, coverage, entry, exit, and transaction changes. social referrals moved from 57.5% in 2025 to 68.9% in 2026 (+11.49 percentage points). the latest encoded leader share anchor is higher within this documented market series. the change alone does not identify a cause or establish competitive harm. firm- or product-level shares at both anchors using the same denominator. share changes attributable to entry, exit, acquisition, divestiture, or organic movement. coverage, missing-participant, and residual-category documentation for each anchor. source methodology showing whether measurement and participant classification stayed stable.","connectionCount":3,"x":267.591,"y":155.947,"distance":2,"radius":8,"labelVisible":false},{"id":"question:national-bank-deposit-hhi","kind":"question","label":"How can the nearly stable national aggregate be reconciled with state-level movement, organization turnover, branch change, and nominal deposit growth?","shortLabel":"United States branch-depo...","description":"The national branch-deposit HHI moved from 410 in 2015 to 401 in 2025 (-9.0 HHI points). The later branch-deposit screen is lower than the 2015 anchor. This descriptive movement does not define a legal banking market, identify a cause, or measure every banking product.","href":"/research/agenda/national-bank-deposit-hhi","metricLabel":"National bank-deposit HHI","metricValue":"401","detail":"Q12 / Geography / 2025","status":"decreased / estimated public","year":2025,"color":"#65a30d","searchText":"national-bank-deposit-hhi how can the nearly stable national aggregate be reconciled with state-level movement, organization turnover, branch change, and nominal deposit growth? united states branch-deposit screen national-bank-deposit-hhi national bank-deposit hhi geographic structure reconcile national and nested geographic concentration summaries with area-level distributions, provider or ownership paths, measurement boundaries, and local-market evidence. the national branch-deposit hhi moved from 410 in 2015 to 401 in 2025 (-9.0 hhi points). the later branch-deposit screen is lower than the 2015 anchor. this descriptive movement does not define a legal banking market, identify a cause, or measure every banking product. annual state and national branch-deposit rows using the same ownership-grouping and june 30 vintage rules. state-level organization, branch, leading-share, and nominal-deposit paths beneath the aggregate movement. ownership-reporting, branch-booking, entry, exit, acquisition, divestiture, and charter records for large state changes. local product and geographic evidence before treating any statewide or county screen as an antitrust market.","connectionCount":2,"x":304.295,"y":108.771,"distance":2,"radius":8,"labelVisible":false},{"id":"question:fixed-broadband-hhi:nation","kind":"question","label":"What provider-share, technology, speed-tier, entry, and geographic composition changes explain the rise in national HHI while median subnational HHIs declined?","shortLabel":"U.S. fixed broadband conn...","description":"United States moved from HHI 1,195 in Dec 2023 to 1,501 in Dec 2024 (+306 HHI points). The December 2024 national hhi is higher than its December 2023 anchor. This geographic summary does not define a legal broadband market or identify why provider shares changed.","href":"/research/agenda/fixed-broadband-hhi--nation","metricLabel":"Residential fixed broadband National HHI","metricValue":"1,501","detail":"Q11 / Geography / 2024","status":"increased / verified","year":2024,"color":"#65a30d","searchText":"fixed-broadband-hhi:nation what provider-share, technology, speed-tier, entry, and geographic composition changes explain the rise in national hhi while median subnational hhis declined? u.s. fixed broadband connections fixed-broadband-hhi residential fixed broadband national hhi geographic structure reconcile national and nested geographic concentration summaries with area-level distributions, provider or ownership paths, measurement boundaries, and local-market evidence. united states moved from hhi 1,195 in dec 2023 to 1,501 in dec 2024 (+306 hhi points). the december 2024 national hhi is higher than its december 2023 anchor. this geographic summary does not define a legal broadband market or identify why provider shares changed. area-level provider connection shares behind the national or median geographic hhi path. full state, county, or tract hhi distributions so movement in the median is not mistaken for a uniform shift. technology, speed-tier, entry, exit, acquisition, and subscriber-mix records for both annual anchors. local product, geographic, pricing, quality, switching, and availability evidence before treating a reporting area as an antitrust market.","connectionCount":2,"x":352.803,"y":73.847,"distance":2,"radius":8,"labelVisible":false},{"id":"question:fixed-broadband-hhi:county-median","kind":"question","label":"Which areas and provider-share changes account for movement in the county median, and how wide is the distribution hidden by the median?","shortLabel":"Median county: Residentia...","description":"Median county moved from HHI 5,356 in Dec 2023 to 4,599 in Dec 2024 (-757 HHI points). The December 2024 county median is lower than its December 2023 anchor. This geographic summary does not define a legal broadband market or identify why provider shares changed.","href":"/research/agenda/fixed-broadband-hhi--county-median","metricLabel":"Residential fixed broadband County median","metricValue":"4,599","detail":"Q08 / Geography / 2024","status":"decreased / verified","year":2024,"color":"#65a30d","searchText":"fixed-broadband-hhi:county-median which areas and provider-share changes account for movement in the county median, and how wide is the distribution hidden by the median? median county fixed-broadband-hhi residential fixed broadband county median geographic structure reconcile national and nested geographic concentration summaries with area-level distributions, provider or ownership paths, measurement boundaries, and local-market evidence. median county moved from hhi 5,356 in dec 2023 to 4,599 in dec 2024 (-757 hhi points). the december 2024 county median is lower than its december 2023 anchor. this geographic summary does not define a legal broadband market or identify why provider shares changed. area-level provider connection shares behind the national or median geographic hhi path. full state, county, or tract hhi distributions so movement in the median is not mistaken for a uniform shift. technology, speed-tier, entry, exit, acquisition, and subscriber-mix records for both annual anchors. local product, geographic, pricing, quality, switching, and availability evidence before treating a reporting area as an antitrust market.","connectionCount":2,"x":409.186,"y":54.004,"distance":2,"radius":8,"labelVisible":false},{"id":"question:fixed-broadband-hhi:state-median","kind":"question","label":"Which areas and provider-share changes account for movement in the state median, and how wide is the distribution hidden by the median?","shortLabel":"Median state: Residential...","description":"Median state moved from HHI 2,994 in Dec 2023 to 2,937 in Dec 2024 (-57 HHI points). The December 2024 state median is lower than its December 2023 anchor. This geographic summary does not define a legal broadband market or identify why provider shares changed.","href":"/research/agenda/fixed-broadband-hhi--state-median","metricLabel":"Residential fixed broadband State median","metricValue":"2,937","detail":"Q09 / Geography / 2024","status":"decreased / verified","year":2024,"color":"#65a30d","searchText":"fixed-broadband-hhi:state-median which areas and provider-share changes account for movement in the state median, and how wide is the distribution hidden by the median? median state fixed-broadband-hhi residential fixed broadband state median geographic structure reconcile national and nested geographic concentration summaries with area-level distributions, provider or ownership paths, measurement boundaries, and local-market evidence. median state moved from hhi 2,994 in dec 2023 to 2,937 in dec 2024 (-57 hhi points). the december 2024 state median is lower than its december 2023 anchor. this geographic summary does not define a legal broadband market or identify why provider shares changed. area-level provider connection shares behind the national or median geographic hhi path. full state, county, or tract hhi distributions so movement in the median is not mistaken for a uniform shift. technology, speed-tier, entry, exit, acquisition, and subscriber-mix records for both annual anchors. local product, geographic, pricing, quality, switching, and availability evidence before treating a reporting area as an antitrust market.","connectionCount":2,"x":471.391,"y":22.963,"distance":2,"radius":8,"labelVisible":false},{"id":"question:fixed-broadband-hhi:tract-median","kind":"question","label":"Which areas and provider-share changes account for movement in the tract median, and how wide is the distribution hidden by the median?","shortLabel":"Median census tract: Resi...","description":"Median census tract moved from HHI 5,859 in Dec 2023 to 5,504 in Dec 2024 (-355 HHI points). The December 2024 tract median is lower than its December 2023 anchor. This geographic summary does not define a legal broadband market or identify why provider shares changed.","href":"/research/agenda/fixed-broadband-hhi--tract-median","metricLabel":"Residential fixed broadband Tract median","metricValue":"5,504","detail":"Q07 / Geography / 2024","status":"decreased / verified","year":2024,"color":"#65a30d","searchText":"fixed-broadband-hhi:tract-median which areas and provider-share changes account for movement in the tract median, and how wide is the distribution hidden by the median? median census tract fixed-broadband-hhi residential fixed broadband tract median geographic structure reconcile national and nested geographic concentration summaries with area-level distributions, provider or ownership paths, measurement boundaries, and local-market evidence. median census tract moved from hhi 5,859 in dec 2023 to 5,504 in dec 2024 (-355 hhi points). the december 2024 tract median is lower than its december 2023 anchor. this geographic summary does not define a legal broadband market or identify why provider shares changed. area-level provider connection shares behind the national or median geographic hhi path. full state, county, or tract hhi distributions so movement in the median is not mistaken for a uniform shift. technology, speed-tier, entry, exit, acquisition, and subscriber-mix records for both annual anchors. local product, geographic, pricing, quality, switching, and availability evidence before treating a reporting area as an antitrust market.","connectionCount":2,"x":540.309,"y":39.799,"distance":2,"radius":8,"labelVisible":false},{"id":"question:market-hhi:us-fixed-broadband-access","kind":"question","label":"Which entry, exit, share, switching, price, quality, or capacity evidence can explain the movement inside this exact market boundary?","shortLabel":"Fixed broadband: Herfinda...","description":"Fixed broadband moved from 1,195 in 2023 to 1,501 in 2024 (+306.0 HHI points). The latest encoded HHI anchor is higher within this documented market series. The change alone does not identify a cause or establish competitive harm.","href":"/research/agenda/market-hhi--us-fixed-broadband-access","metricLabel":"Herfindahl-Hirschman Index","metricValue":"1,501","detail":"Q34 / Mechanism / 2024","status":"increased / verified","year":2024,"color":"#65a30d","searchText":"market-hhi:us-fixed-broadband-access which entry, exit, share, switching, price, quality, or capacity evidence can explain the movement inside this exact market boundary? fixed broadband market-hhi herfindahl-hirschman index market mechanism test entry, exit, switching, price, quality, capacity, and share pathways inside the declared market boundary. fixed broadband moved from 1,195 in 2023 to 1,501 in 2024 (+306.0 hhi points). the latest encoded hhi anchor is higher within this documented market series. the change alone does not identify a cause or establish competitive harm. entry and exit chronology for the same product and geographic boundary. participant shares at both observed anchors, including acquisitions and denominator changes. switching, price, quality, output, and capacity records covering the comparison window. method documentation confirming the market boundary and measurement basis across both anchors.","connectionCount":2,"x":601.202,"y":76.201,"distance":2,"radius":8,"labelVisible":false},{"id":"question:market-hhi:us-mobile-wireless-service","kind":"question","label":"Which entry, exit, share, switching, price, quality, or capacity evidence can explain the movement inside this exact market boundary?","shortLabel":"Wireless service: Herfind...","description":"Wireless service moved from 3,596 in 2021 to 3,550 in 2023 (-46.0 HHI points). The latest encoded HHI anchor is lower within this documented market series. The change alone does not identify a cause or establish competitive harm.","href":"/research/agenda/market-hhi--us-mobile-wireless-service","metricLabel":"Herfindahl-Hirschman Index","metricValue":"3,550","detail":"Q44 / Mechanism / 2023","status":"decreased / verified","year":2023,"color":"#65a30d","searchText":"market-hhi:us-mobile-wireless-service which entry, exit, share, switching, price, quality, or capacity evidence can explain the movement inside this exact market boundary? wireless service market-hhi herfindahl-hirschman index market mechanism test entry, exit, switching, price, quality, capacity, and share pathways inside the declared market boundary. wireless service moved from 3,596 in 2021 to 3,550 in 2023 (-46.0 hhi points). the latest encoded hhi anchor is lower within this documented market series. the change alone does not identify a cause or establish competitive harm. entry and exit chronology for the same product and geographic boundary. participant shares at both observed anchors, including acquisitions and denominator changes. switching, price, quality, output, and capacity records covering the comparison window. method documentation confirming the market boundary and measurement basis across both anchors.","connectionCount":2,"x":648.66,"y":128.934,"distance":2,"radius":8,"labelVisible":false},{"id":"question:market-cr4:us-steer-heifer-meatpacking-purchases","kind":"question","label":"Which participant-share changes account for the structural movement, and are the denominator and coverage stable across both anchors?","shortLabel":"Beef meatpacking: Four-pa...","description":"Beef meatpacking moved from 81.0% in 1995 to 85.0% in 2019 (+4.00 percentage points). The latest encoded CR4 anchor is higher within this documented market series. The change alone does not identify a cause or establish competitive harm.","href":"/research/agenda/market-cr4--us-steer-heifer-meatpacking-purchases","metricLabel":"Four-participant concentration ratio","metricValue":"85.0%","detail":"Q30 / Shares / 2019","status":"increased / verified","year":2019,"color":"#65a30d","searchText":"market-cr4:us-steer-heifer-meatpacking-purchases which participant-share changes account for the structural movement, and are the denominator and coverage stable across both anchors? beef meatpacking market-cr4 four-participant concentration ratio share accounting reconstruct participant-share movement while checking denominator, coverage, entry, exit, and transaction changes. beef meatpacking moved from 81.0% in 1995 to 85.0% in 2019 (+4.00 percentage points). the latest encoded cr4 anchor is higher within this documented market series. the change alone does not identify a cause or establish competitive harm. firm- or product-level shares at both anchors using the same denominator. share changes attributable to entry, exit, acquisition, divestiture, or organic movement. coverage, missing-participant, and residual-category documentation for each anchor. source methodology showing whether measurement and participant classification stayed stable.","connectionCount":2,"x":678.466,"y":193.313,"distance":2,"radius":8,"labelVisible":false},{"id":"indicator:market-hhi","kind":"indicator","label":"Tracked market HHI","shortLabel":"Market HHI","description":"Source-reported or reproducibly calculated HHI anchors from documented market profiles.","href":"/indicators/market-hhi","metricLabel":"Observation rows","metricValue":"26","detail":"8 entities / 2017-2026","status":"markets","year":2026,"color":"#06b6d4","searchText":"market-hhi tracked market hhi market hhi source-reported or reproducibly calculated hhi anchors from documented market profiles. markets hhi (0-10,000)","connectionCount":23,"x":687.973,"y":263.618,"distance":2,"radius":8,"labelVisible":false},{"id":"policy_record:evt-wireless-merger-settlement-2019","kind":"policy_record","label":"T-Mobile-Sprint settlement requires divestitures to support wireless entry","shortLabel":"T-Mobile-Sprint settleme...","description":"DOJ and participating states filed a settlement requiring prepaid operations, spectrum, sites, and transitional network access to be made available to Dish as part of the T-Mobile-Sprint transaction.","href":"/enforcement/records/wireless-merger-settlement-2019","metricLabel":"Official stage","metricValue":"remedy","detail":"U.S. Department of Justice / 2019-07-26","status":"settlement","year":2019,"color":"#f43f5e","searchText":"evt-wireless-merger-settlement-2019 t-mobile-sprint settlement requires divestitures to support wireless entry u.s. department of justice settlement remedy doj and participating states filed a settlement requiring prepaid operations, spectrum, sites, and transitional network access to be made available to dish as part of the t-mobile-sprint transaction. 1:19-cv-02232","connectionCount":5,"x":676.334,"y":333.6,"distance":2,"radius":8,"labelVisible":false},{"id":"report:rep-us-competition-landscape-2026","kind":"report","label":"The U.S. Competition Landscape","shortLabel":"The U.S. Competition La...","description":"A national briefing that aligns defined-market signals, industry structure, state and local geographic concentration screens, merger activity, and enforcement records without collapsing their different scopes.","href":"/reports/us-competition-landscape-2026","metricLabel":"Evidence sources","metricValue":"14","detail":"8 linked markets","status":"published","year":2026,"color":"#6366f1","searchText":"the u.s. competition landscape state of competition 2026: five evidence systems, no single score a national briefing that aligns defined-market signals, industry structure, state and local geographic concentration screens, merger activity, and enforcement records without collapsing their different scopes. a source-backed state-of-competition briefing across markets, industries, state systems, local banking screens, mergers, and enforcement, with every system kept in its own analytical universe. 2022 and 2017 u.s. economic census industry concentration tables, usda ers historical meatpacking cr4, kff 2024 state individual-market hhi, fdic 2025 statewide and county summary of deposits screens, the fy2025 ftc/doj hsr report, and source-backed market and enforcement records.","connectionCount":26,"x":644.584,"y":397.044,"distance":2,"radius":8,"labelVisible":false},{"id":"report:insight-market-change-field","kind":"report","label":"Latest market-structure signals moved in both directions.","shortLabel":"Market change field","description":"Fifteen HHI, CR4, and leading-share comparisons preserve their own product boundary, denominator, source, and observed interval. The direction count is an inventory, not a vote about competition. HHI points, CR4 points, and leading-share points across different products and periods are not pooled or ranked.","href":"/insights/market-structure-change-field","metricLabel":"Exact signals","metricValue":"15","detail":"AR-CI-2026-01 / Domain readout","status":"current insight","year":2026,"color":"#6366f1","searchText":"latest market-structure signals moved in both directions. market change field fifteen hhi, cr4, and leading-share comparisons preserve their own product boundary, denominator, source, and observed interval. defined markets domain readout ar-ci-2026-01 the current market field is split. across 15 exact latest-to-prior rows, 8 increased, 7 decreased. the count says only how many bounded comparisons point each way. digital usage screens diverged. social referrals moved from 3,804 in 2025 to 4,995 in 2026 (+1,191.0 hhi points). search engines moved from 7,589 in 2025 to 7,359 in 2026 (-230.0 hhi points). mobile operating systems moved from 5,094 in 2025 to 5,337 in 2026 (+243.0 hhi points). browsers moved from 3,720 in 2025 to 3,612 in 2026 (-108.0 hhi points). each usage system has a separate denominator and remains analytically independent. other market intervals use different clocks. beef meatpacking moved from 81.0% in 1995 to 85.0% in 2019 (+4.00 percentage points). fixed broadband moved from 1,195 in 2023 to 1,501 in 2024 (+306.0 hhi points). wireless service moved from 3,596 in 2021 to 3,550 in 2023 (-46.0 hhi points). their unequal intervals are displayed, not annualized. beef meatpacking four-participant concentration ratio browsers four-participant concentration ratio browsers herfindahl-hirschman index browsers leading-participant share fixed broadband herfindahl-hirschman index mobile operating systems four-participant concentration ratio mobile operating systems herfindahl-hirschman index mobile operating systems leading-participant share search engines four-participant concentration ratio search engines herfindahl-hirschman index search engines leading-participant share social referrals four-participant concentration ratio social referrals herfindahl-hirschman index social referrals leading-participant share wireless service herfindahl-hirschman index u.s. steer and heifer purchases by beef packers u.s. browser usage u.s. residential fixed broadband access u.s. mobile operating-system web usage u.s. search engine usage u.s. social-media referral traffic u.s. mobile wireless service","connectionCount":15,"x":595.545,"y":448.31,"distance":2,"radius":8,"labelVisible":false},{"id":"report:rep-digital-gateways","kind":"report","label":"Five Digital Gateways","shortLabel":"Five Digital Gateways","description":"A source-backed research brief tracing search, browser, mobile operating-system, social-referral, and AI-assistant concentration without collapsing them into one platform market or ecosystem score.","href":"/reports/digital-gateways-brief","metricLabel":"Evidence sources","metricValue":"5","detail":"5 linked markets","status":"published","year":2026,"color":"#6366f1","searchText":"five digital gateways u.s. platform concentration across five separately bounded usage systems a source-backed research brief tracing search, browser, mobile operating-system, social-referral, and ai-assistant concentration without collapsing them into one platform market or ecosystem score. five system histories, exact share rows, official product-attribution paths, and a public research agenda with every denominator kept separate. five statcounter u.s. public usage-share sources: april 2023-april 2026 search, browser, mobile operating-system, and social-referral anchors, plus the may 2026 ai-assistant baseline. official product-attribution records remain a separate evidence layer.","connectionCount":12,"x":533.574,"y":482.844,"distance":2,"radius":8,"labelVisible":false},{"id":"report:insight-digital-gateways-change","kind":"report","label":"Four digital usage systems traced four different structural paths.","shortLabel":"Digital gateways","description":"Browser, mobile operating-system, search-engine, and social-referral shares are read side by side without turning them into one platform-power score. Usage and referral shares are proxies inside separately defined systems. The dispatch does not add shares across products, resolve legal market definition, or infer a common competitive cause.","href":"/insights/digital-gateways-change","metricLabel":"Exact signals","metricValue":"12","detail":"AR-CI-2026-02 / Focused note","status":"current insight","year":2026,"color":"#6366f1","searchText":"four digital usage systems traced four different structural paths. digital gateways browser, mobile operating-system, search-engine, and social-referral shares are read side by side without turning them into one platform-power score. defined markets focused note ar-ci-2026-02 social-referral composition shifted toward the leader. social referrals moved from 3,804 in 2025 to 4,995 in 2026 (+1,191.0 hhi points). social referrals moved from 57.5% in 2025 to 68.9% in 2026 (+11.49 percentage points). social referrals moved from 95.1% in 2025 to 94.4% in 2026 (-0.71 percentage points). search hhi and leading share both moved lower. search engines moved from 7,589 in 2025 to 7,359 in 2026 (-230.0 hhi points). search engines moved from 86.7% in 2025 to 85.2% in 2026 (-1.55 percentage points). search engines moved from 99.4% in 2025 to 99.4% in 2026 (-0.02 percentage points). mobile operating-system hhi and leading share moved higher. mobile operating systems moved from 5,094 in 2025 to 5,337 in 2026 (+243.0 hhi points). mobile operating systems moved from 57.6% in 2025 to 63.1% in 2026 (+5.48 percentage points). mobile operating systems moved from 100.0% in 2025 to 100.0% in 2026 (+0.04 percentage points). browser hhi and leading share moved lower while cr4 edged higher. browsers moved from 3,720 in 2025 to 3,612 in 2026 (-108.0 hhi points). browsers moved from 52.3% in 2025 to 50.0% in 2026 (-2.29 percentage points). browsers moved from 93.6% in 2025 to 93.8% in 2026 (+0.15 percentage points). browsers four-participant concentration ratio browsers herfindahl-hirschman index browsers leading-participant share mobile operating systems four-participant concentration ratio mobile operating systems herfindahl-hirschman index mobile operating systems leading-participant share search engines four-participant concentration ratio search engines herfindahl-hirschman index search engines leading-participant share social referrals four-participant concentration ratio social referrals herfindahl-hirschman index social referrals leading-participant share u.s. browser usage u.s. mobile operating-system web usage u.s. search engine usage u.s. social-media referral traffic","connectionCount":10,"x":464.176,"y":497.577,"distance":2,"radius":8,"labelVisible":false},{"id":"report:rep-hhi-primer","kind":"report","label":"How HHI Helps Explain Market Concentration","shortLabel":"How HHI Helps Explain M...","description":"An open explainer on HHI, CR4, effective number of firms, and why source coverage matters.","href":"/reports/hhi-primer","metricLabel":"Evidence sources","metricValue":"3","detail":"3 linked markets","status":"published","year":2026,"color":"#6366f1","searchText":"how hhi helps explain market concentration a public primer for reading concentration dashboards an open explainer on hhi, cr4, effective number of firms, and why source coverage matters. a short public-interest guide to reading descriptive concentration metrics. fcc source-reported hhi and statcounter public usage-share tables.","connectionCount":8,"x":393.519,"y":491.201,"distance":2,"radius":8,"labelVisible":false},{"id":"report:rep-housing-data-gap","kind":"report","label":"Housing Competition Needs Local Ownership Data","shortLabel":"Housing Competition Nee...","description":"An open brief explaining why housing affordability and supply stress require local competition data before HHI can be responsibly reported.","href":"/reports/housing-competition-data-gap","metricLabel":"Evidence sources","metricValue":"4","detail":"1 linked market","status":"published","year":2026,"color":"#6366f1","searchText":"housing competition needs local ownership data source-backed housing profile note an open brief explaining why housing affordability and supply stress require local competition data before hhi can be responsibly reported. explains why the housing profile reports public stress signals while withholding hhi pending local firm-level ownership and rental market-share data. harvard jchs renter cost-burden data, freddie mac supply-shortage estimate, gao selected single-family rental investor ownership data, and ftc/doj roll-up inquiry materials.","connectionCount":7,"x":327.881,"y":464.281,"distance":2,"radius":8,"labelVisible":false},{"id":"report:rep-meatpacking-buyer-power","kind":"report","label":"Beef Meatpacking Buyer Power","shortLabel":"Beef Meatpacking Buyer...","description":"A source-backed briefing on national beef-packer buyer concentration, the related Census slaughtering-industry screen, and the market boundaries neither metric can establish.","href":"/reports/meatpacking-buyer-power","metricLabel":"Evidence sources","metricValue":"3","detail":"1 linked market","status":"published","year":2026,"color":"#6366f1","searchText":"beef meatpacking buyer power why an 85% procurement cr4 is not the same as an industry hhi a source-backed briefing on national beef-packer buyer concentration, the related census slaughtering-industry screen, and the market boundaries neither metric can establish. explains what the national beef-packer cr4 reveals, why hhi remains withheld, and how the related census industry screen should be used without redefining a cattle procurement market. usda ers historical national cr4 for steer and heifer purchases, paired with separately bounded 2017 and 2022 economic census revenue concentration rows for naics 311611.","connectionCount":6,"x":273.093,"y":419.211,"distance":2,"radius":8,"labelVisible":false},{"id":"report:rep-fixed-broadband-geography","kind":"report","label":"Fixed Broadband 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and falling subnational medians must be read together without converting them into one market. federal communications commission internet access services figure 5, covering nine semiannual reporting periods from december 2020 through december 2024 for residential fixed connections meeting the 100/20 mbps threshold. the packet preserves the national hhi and medians of separately calculated state, county, and census-tract hhis as distinct geographic summaries.","connectionCount":4,"x":234.025,"y":359.993,"distance":2,"radius":8,"labelVisible":false},{"id":"report:rep-state-individual-insurance","kind":"report","label":"State Individual Insurance Concentration, 2024","shortLabel":"State Individual Insura...","description":"A source-backed research brief mapping the 2024 KFF state concentration cross-section for the ACA-regulated individual health insurance market, including HHI, leading-insurer share, rival depth, regional variation, and the public evidence needed for stronger competition 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of each jurisdiction's aca-regulated individual market.","connectionCount":4,"x":214.146,"y":291.891,"distance":2,"radius":8,"labelVisible":false},{"id":"report:insight-geographic-screen-divergence","kind":"report","label":"Geographic concentration screens point in different directions at different scales.","shortLabel":"Geographic screens","description":"Six FCC and FDIC comparisons retain their own geography, ownership rule, reporting universe, and time interval. 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county moved from hhi 5,356 in dec 2023 to 4,599 in dec 2024 (-757 hhi points). median census tract moved from hhi 5,859 in dec 2023 to 5,504 in dec 2024 (-355 hhi points). national and median-state branch-deposit screens both moved lower over 2015-2025. the national branch-deposit hhi moved from 410 in 2015 to 401 in 2025 (-9.0 hhi points). the annual 51-jurisdiction median branch-deposit hhi moved from 958 in 2015 to 903 in 2025 (-55.0 hhi points). median census tract residential fixed broadband tract median median county residential fixed broadband county median median state residential fixed broadband state median statewide branch-deposit screens median statewide bank-deposit hhi u.s. fixed broadband connections residential fixed broadband national hhi united states branch-deposit screen national bank-deposit hhi","connectionCount":3,"x":215.225,"y":220.955,"distance":2,"radius":8,"labelVisible":false},{"id":"report:rep-state-banking-structure","kind":"report","label":"State 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2015-2025, independently grouped to the reported top bank holding company when available and otherwise to the insured institution.","connectionCount":3,"x":237.164,"y":153.488,"distance":2,"radius":8,"labelVisible":false},{"id":"source:bls-cpi-public-data-2026","kind":"source","label":"Consumer Price Index, U.S. city average monthly series","shortLabel":"U.S. Bureau of Labor...","description":"Official non-seasonally-adjusted monthly Consumer Price Index series for nine U.S. city average item universes from January 2017 through July 2026, including publisher-declared and unreturned monthly gaps.","href":"/sources/bls-cpi-public-data-2026","metricLabel":"Access date","metricValue":"2026-08-13","detail":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics","status":"public dataset","year":2026,"color":"#64748b","searchText":"bls-cpi-public-data-2026 consumer price index, u.s. city average monthly series u.s. bureau of labor statistics official non-seasonally-adjusted monthly consumer price index series for 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report","year":2026,"color":"#64748b","searchText":"fcc-internet-access-dec-2024 internet access services: status as of december 31 2024 federal communications commission fcc statistical report publishing national and median state county and census-tract hhi for residential fixed connections of at least 100 mbps downstream and 20 mbps upstream from december 2020 through december 2024. federal communications commission, internet access services: status as of december 31, 2024, figure 5, published 2026. agency_report","connectionCount":7,"x":334.147,"y":52.101,"distance":2,"radius":8,"labelVisible":false},{"id":"source:fcc-2024-cmr","kind":"source","label":"2024 Communications Marketplace Report","shortLabel":"Federal Communication...","description":"Biennial FCC report on competition across communications markets including mobile wireless HHI.","href":"/sources/fcc-2024-cmr","metricLabel":"Access date","metricValue":"2026-05-16","detail":"Federal Communications 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it does not rank urgency, importance, evidence strength, or imply a shared finding."},{"id":"topic-question:market-structure:market-hhi:us-mobile-wireless-service","layer":"research","relationshipType":"topic_question","relationshipLabel":"Declared agenda membership","fromId":"topic:market-structure","fromKind":"topic","fromLabel":"Market Structure","fromHref":"/research/topics/market-structure","toId":"question:market-hhi:us-mobile-wireless-service","toKind":"question","toLabel":"Which entry, exit, share, switching, price, quality, or capacity evidence can explain the movement inside this exact market boundary?","toHref":"/research/agenda/market-hhi--us-mobile-wireless-service","evidenceLabel":"Research topic agenda contract","evidenceDetail":"Q44, Which entry, exit, share, switching, price, quality, or capacity evidence can explain the movement inside this exact market boundary?, is included by the exact domain or entity contract for Market Structure.","sourceId":null,"sourceUrl":null,"confidenceLevel":"bounded","indicatorId":null,"entityCode":null,"observationCount":null,"firstYear":null,"latestYear":null,"preferredView":null,"sourceIds":null,"guardrail":"A topic-to-question link records one exact institutional agenda membership; it does not rank urgency, importance, evidence strength, or imply a shared finding."},{"id":"topic-question:market-structure:market-hhi:us-search-engine-usage","layer":"research","relationshipType":"topic_question","relationshipLabel":"Declared agenda membership","fromId":"topic:market-structure","fromKind":"topic","fromLabel":"Market Structure","fromHref":"/research/topics/market-structure","toId":"question:market-hhi:us-search-engine-usage","toKind":"question","toLabel":"Which entry, exit, share, switching, price, quality, or capacity evidence can explain the movement inside this exact market boundary?","toHref":"/research/agenda/market-hhi--us-search-engine-usage","evidenceLabel":"Research topic agenda contract","evidenceDetail":"Q39, Which entry, exit, share, switching, price, quality, or capacity evidence can explain the movement inside this exact market boundary?, is included by the exact domain or entity contract for Market Structure.","sourceId":null,"sourceUrl":null,"confidenceLevel":"bounded","indicatorId":null,"entityCode":null,"observationCount":null,"firstYear":null,"latestYear":null,"preferredView":null,"sourceIds":null,"guardrail":"A topic-to-question link records one exact institutional agenda membership; it does not rank urgency, importance, evidence strength, or imply a shared finding."},{"id":"topic-question:market-structure:market-hhi:us-social-media-referral-traffic","layer":"research","relationshipType":"topic_question","relationshipLabel":"Declared agenda membership","fromId":"topic:market-structure","fromKind":"topic","fromLabel":"Market Structure","fromHref":"/research/topics/market-structure","toId":"question:market-hhi:us-social-media-referral-traffic","toKind":"question","toLabel":"Which entry, exit, share, switching, price, quality, or capacity evidence can explain the movement inside this exact market boundary?","toHref":"/research/agenda/market-hhi--us-social-media-referral-traffic","evidenceLabel":"Research topic agenda contract","evidenceDetail":"Q42, Which entry, exit, share, switching, price, quality, or capacity evidence can explain the movement inside this exact market boundary?, is included by the exact domain or entity contract for Market Structure.","sourceId":null,"sourceUrl":null,"confidenceLevel":"bounded","indicatorId":null,"entityCode":null,"observationCount":null,"firstYear":null,"latestYear":null,"preferredView":null,"sourceIds":null,"guardrail":"A topic-to-question link records one exact institutional agenda membership; it does not rank urgency, importance, evidence strength, or imply a shared finding."},{"id":"topic-question:market-structure:market-leader-share:us-browser-usage","layer":"research","relationshipType":"topic_question","relationshipLabel":"Declared agenda membership","fromId":"topic:market-structure","fromKind":"topic","fromLabel":"Market Structure","fromHref":"/research/topics/market-structure","toId":"question:market-leader-share:us-browser-usage","toKind":"question","toLabel":"Which participant-share changes account for the structural movement, and are the denominator and coverage stable across both anchors?","toHref":"/research/agenda/market-leader-share--us-browser-usage","evidenceLabel":"Research topic agenda contract","evidenceDetail":"Q33, Which participant-share changes account for the structural movement, and are the denominator and coverage stable across both anchors?, is included by the exact domain or entity contract for Market Structure.","sourceId":null,"sourceUrl":null,"confidenceLevel":"bounded","indicatorId":null,"entityCode":null,"observationCount":null,"firstYear":null,"latestYear":null,"preferredView":null,"sourceIds":null,"guardrail":"A topic-to-question link records one exact institutional agenda membership; it does not rank urgency, importance, evidence strength, or imply a shared finding."},{"id":"topic-question:market-structure:market-leader-share:us-mobile-operating-system-usage","layer":"research","relationshipType":"topic_question","relationshipLabel":"Declared agenda membership","fromId":"topic:market-structure","fromKind":"topic","fromLabel":"Market Structure","fromHref":"/research/topics/market-structure","toId":"question:market-leader-share:us-mobile-operating-system-usage","toKind":"question","toLabel":"Which participant-share changes account for the structural movement, and are the denominator and coverage stable across both anchors?","toHref":"/research/agenda/market-leader-share--us-mobile-operating-system-usage","evidenceLabel":"Research topic agenda contract","evidenceDetail":"Q37, Which participant-share changes account for the structural movement, and are the denominator and coverage stable across both anchors?, is included by the exact domain or entity contract for Market Structure.","sourceId":null,"sourceUrl":null,"confidenceLevel":"bounded","indicatorId":null,"entityCode":null,"observationCount":null,"firstYear":null,"latestYear":null,"preferredView":null,"sourceIds":null,"guardrail":"A topic-to-question link records one exact institutional agenda membership; it does not rank urgency, importance, evidence strength, or imply a shared finding."},{"id":"topic-question:market-structure:market-leader-share:us-search-engine-usage","layer":"research","relationshipType":"topic_question","relationshipLabel":"Declared agenda membership","fromId":"topic:market-structure","fromKind":"topic","fromLabel":"Market Structure","fromHref":"/research/topics/market-structure","toId":"question:market-leader-share:us-search-engine-usage","toKind":"question","toLabel":"Which participant-share changes account for the structural movement, and are the denominator and coverage stable across both anchors?","toHref":"/research/agenda/market-leader-share--us-search-engine-usage","evidenceLabel":"Research topic agenda contract","evidenceDetail":"Q40, Which participant-share changes account for the structural movement, and are the denominator and coverage stable across both anchors?, is included by the exact domain or entity contract for Market Structure.","sourceId":null,"sourceUrl":null,"confidenceLevel":"bounded","indicatorId":null,"entityCode":null,"observationCount":null,"firstYear":null,"latestYear":null,"preferredView":null,"sourceIds":null,"guardrail":"A topic-to-question link records one exact institutional agenda membership; it does not rank urgency, importance, evidence strength, or imply a shared finding."},{"id":"topic-question:market-structure:market-leader-share:us-social-media-referral-traffic","layer":"research","relationshipType":"topic_question","relationshipLabel":"Declared agenda membership","fromId":"topic:market-structure","fromKind":"topic","fromLabel":"Market Structure","fromHref":"/research/topics/market-structure","toId":"question:market-leader-share:us-social-media-referral-traffic","toKind":"question","toLabel":"Which participant-share changes account for the structural movement, and are the denominator and coverage stable across both anchors?","toHref":"/research/agenda/market-leader-share--us-social-media-referral-traffic","evidenceLabel":"Research topic agenda contract","evidenceDetail":"Q43, Which participant-share changes account for the structural movement, and are the denominator and coverage stable across both anchors?, is included by the exact domain or entity contract for Market Structure.","sourceId":null,"sourceUrl":null,"confidenceLevel":"bounded","indicatorId":null,"entityCode":null,"observationCount":null,"firstYear":null,"latestYear":null,"preferredView":null,"sourceIds":null,"guardrail":"A topic-to-question link records one exact institutional agenda membership; 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