{"license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","dataset":"atlas","updatedThrough":"2026-08-15","guardrail":"The atlas exposes only relationships declared in the current public data. A link or issue grouping does not make unlike measures comparable, establish ownership or control, define an antitrust market, assign liability, or show that a policy event caused an economic outcome.","filters":{"depth":1,"edgeType":"all","edgeTypeMatched":true,"focus":"topic:geographic-competition","focusMatched":true,"kind":"all","kindMatched":true,"layer":"research","layerMatched":true,"query":"","view":"network"},"summary":{"nodeCount":5478,"edgeCount":19193,"sourceCount":45,"profileCount":5433,"nodeKindCount":13,"layerCount":4,"eligibleEdgeCount":547,"matchedNodeCount":18,"plottedEdgeCount":17,"plottedNodeCount":18,"hiddenNodeCount":0,"directNeighborCount":17},"focusNode":{"id":"topic:geographic-competition","kind":"topic","label":"Geographic Competition","shortLabel":"Geographic Competition","description":"How does competitive structure vary across national, state, county, tract, route, and other local frames?","href":"/research/topics/geographic-competition","metricLabel":"Publication memberships","metricValue":"7","detail":"AR-T04 / 4 issue programs / 5 evidence lanes","status":"institutional research topic","year":2026,"color":"#ea580c","searchText":"ar-t04 geographic competition places how does competitive structure vary across national, state, county, tract, route, and other local frames? connect place-based concentration screens to their exact geography, source vintage, ownership rules, and local-market research needs. a statewide, county, tract, or national screen does not establish a legal geographic market. medians of local hhis are not interchangeable with one national hhi. area-level shares and distributions, ownership and entry histories, local prices and quality, commuting or procurement patterns, capacity, switching, and stable geographic definitions. local officials, researchers, journalists, and community advocates ar-sc-2026-01 the u.s. competition landscape ar-dn-2026-02 housing competition needs local ownership data ar-rb-2026-03 state banking structure, 2015-2025 ar-rb-2026-06 fixed broadband concentration across geographic scales, 2020-2024 ar-rb-2026-07 state individual insurance concentration, 2024 ar-ci-2026-04 geographic concentration screens point in different directions at different scales. ar-ci-2026-05 national fixed-broadband hhi rose while three geographic medians fell.","connectionCount":17},"nodes":[{"id":"topic:geographic-competition","kind":"topic","label":"Geographic Competition","shortLabel":"Geographic Competition","description":"How does competitive structure vary across national, state, county, tract, route, and other local frames?","href":"/research/topics/geographic-competition","metricLabel":"Publication memberships","metricValue":"7","detail":"AR-T04 / 4 issue programs / 5 evidence lanes","status":"institutional research topic","year":2026,"color":"#ea580c","searchText":"ar-t04 geographic competition places how does competitive structure vary across national, state, county, tract, route, and other local frames? connect place-based concentration screens to their exact geography, source vintage, ownership rules, and local-market research needs. a statewide, county, tract, or national screen does not establish a legal geographic market. medians of local hhis are not interchangeable with one national hhi. area-level shares and distributions, ownership and entry histories, local prices and quality, commuting or procurement patterns, capacity, switching, and stable geographic definitions. local officials, researchers, journalists, and community advocates ar-sc-2026-01 the u.s. competition landscape ar-dn-2026-02 housing competition needs local ownership data ar-rb-2026-03 state banking structure, 2015-2025 ar-rb-2026-06 fixed broadband concentration across geographic scales, 2020-2024 ar-rb-2026-07 state individual insurance concentration, 2024 ar-ci-2026-04 geographic concentration screens point in different directions at different scales. ar-ci-2026-05 national fixed-broadband hhi rose while three geographic medians fell.","connectionCount":17,"distance":0,"labelVisible":true,"radius":20,"x":450,"y":260},{"id":"issue:communications-infrastructure","kind":"issue","label":"Communications infrastructure","shortLabel":"Communications","description":"Where do local communications concentration, network access, switching, and investment constrain rivalry across separately measured wireless and fixed systems?","href":"/issues/communications-infrastructure","metricLabel":"Bounded markets","metricValue":"2","detail":"2 separately defined markets / editorial research program","status":"issue program","year":2024,"color":"#c026d3","searchText":"communications infrastructure communications wireless, fixed access, geography, and entry the program connects two separately bounded fcc concentration systems: mobile wireless hhi weighted across economic areas and fixed-broadband hhi reported nationally and as state, county, and census-tract medians. where do local communications concentration, network access, switching, and investment constrain rivalry across separately measured wireless and fixed systems? how does concentration vary across economic areas, states, counties, census tracts, service tiers, and consumer segments behind the published summaries? which provider-level shares, spectrum, wholesale access, switching, deployment, price, quality, and network-investment records explain entry conditions over time? what evidence distinguishes merger remedies, deployment programs, and regulatory changes from durable competitive outcomes? u.s. mobile wireless service wireless service telecommunications u.s. residential fixed broadband access fixed broadband telecommunications","connectionCount":4,"x":450,"y":142,"distance":1,"radius":11,"labelVisible":true},{"id":"issue:food-buyer-power","kind":"issue","label":"Food systems and buyer power","shortLabel":"Food buyer power","description":"How does buyer concentration in regional cattle procurement affect producer options, contract terms, and supply-chain resilience?","href":"/issues/food-systems-and-buyer-power","metricLabel":"Bounded markets","metricValue":"1","detail":"1 separately defined market / editorial research program","status":"issue program","year":2019,"color":"#c026d3","searchText":"food systems and buyer power food buyer power procurement options, regional boundaries, and resilience the program follows the usda national beef-packer cr4 series into a buyer-power research frame while preserving the need for regional procurement markets and firm-level evidence. how does buyer concentration in regional cattle procurement affect producer options, contract terms, and supply-chain resilience? which plant-level purchases, procurement distances, capacity, contracts, and prices define regional buyer alternatives? how do entry, exit, outages, captive supply, and transportation costs change producer bargaining options? which firm-level records can disaggregate the national cr4 without inferring equal shares among the four largest buyers? u.s. steer and heifer purchases by beef packers beef meatpacking food and agriculture","connectionCount":4,"x":501.198,"y":153.686,"distance":1,"radius":11,"labelVisible":true},{"id":"issue:housing-access","kind":"issue","label":"Housing access and local power","shortLabel":"Housing access","description":"Which local ownership, pricing, supply, and platform records can identify where renters face weakened competitive choice?","href":"/issues/housing-access-and-local-power","metricLabel":"Bounded markets","metricValue":"1","detail":"1 separately defined market / editorial research program","status":"issue program","year":2026,"color":"#c026d3","searchText":"housing access and local power housing access ownership, pricing systems, supply, and place the program joins national housing-access evidence to selected ownership and official-record context while keeping the underlying competition problem local. which local ownership, pricing, supply, and platform records can identify where renters face weakened competitive choice? where can parcel, owner, property-manager, rent, vacancy, and transaction data be joined at a stable local geography? how should pricing-software use, information exchange, ownership concentration, and supply constraints be measured separately? which local comparisons can test entry, rent, quality, and displacement outcomes without treating co-movement as causation? u.s. rental housing access rental housing real estate","connectionCount":4,"x":542.256,"y":186.428,"distance":1,"radius":11,"labelVisible":true},{"id":"issue:transportation-networks","kind":"issue","label":"Transportation networks","shortLabel":"Transportation","description":"How do route-level entry, capacity, airport constraints, and consolidation shape passenger choice beyond national shares?","href":"/issues/transportation-networks","metricLabel":"Bounded markets","metricValue":"1","detail":"1 separately defined market / editorial research program","status":"issue program","year":2026,"color":"#c026d3","searchText":"transportation networks transportation routes, airport access, capacity, and consolidation the program places national airline passenger-share reporting beside route-level research needs and official merger and competition records. how do route-level entry, capacity, airport constraints, and consolidation shape passenger choice beyond national shares? which route-pair, airport, schedule, fare, capacity, and entry records define competitive alternatives for travelers? how do slot, gate, loyalty, and network constraints differ across airports and traveler segments? which before-and-after records can evaluate transactions or remedies without attributing every observed change to one event? u.s. domestic airline passengers domestic airlines transportation","connectionCount":4,"x":565.041,"y":233.743,"distance":1,"radius":11,"labelVisible":true},{"id":"question:national-bank-deposit-hhi","kind":"question","label":"How can the nearly stable national aggregate be reconciled with state-level movement, organization turnover, branch change, and nominal deposit growth?","shortLabel":"United States branch-depo...","description":"The national branch-deposit HHI moved from 410 in 2015 to 401 in 2025 (-9.0 HHI points). The later branch-deposit screen is lower than the 2015 anchor. This descriptive movement does not define a legal banking market, identify a cause, or measure every banking product.","href":"/research/agenda/national-bank-deposit-hhi","metricLabel":"National bank-deposit HHI","metricValue":"401","detail":"Q12 / Geography / 2025","status":"decreased / estimated public","year":2025,"color":"#65a30d","searchText":"national-bank-deposit-hhi how can the nearly stable national aggregate be reconciled with state-level movement, organization turnover, branch change, and nominal deposit growth? united states branch-deposit screen national-bank-deposit-hhi national bank-deposit hhi geographic structure reconcile national and nested geographic concentration summaries with area-level distributions, provider or ownership paths, measurement boundaries, and local-market evidence. the national branch-deposit hhi moved from 410 in 2015 to 401 in 2025 (-9.0 hhi points). the later branch-deposit screen is lower than the 2015 anchor. this descriptive movement does not define a legal banking market, identify a cause, or measure every banking product. annual state and national branch-deposit rows using the same ownership-grouping and june 30 vintage rules. state-level organization, branch, leading-share, and nominal-deposit paths beneath the aggregate movement. ownership-reporting, branch-booking, entry, exit, acquisition, divestiture, and charter records for large state changes. local product and geographic evidence before treating any statewide or county screen as an antitrust market.","connectionCount":2,"x":565.041,"y":286.257,"distance":1,"radius":11,"labelVisible":true},{"id":"question:fixed-broadband-hhi:nation","kind":"question","label":"What provider-share, technology, speed-tier, entry, and geographic composition changes explain the rise in national HHI while median subnational HHIs declined?","shortLabel":"U.S. fixed broadband conn...","description":"United States moved from HHI 1,195 in Dec 2023 to 1,501 in Dec 2024 (+306 HHI points). The December 2024 national hhi is higher than its December 2023 anchor. This geographic summary does not define a legal broadband market or identify why provider shares changed.","href":"/research/agenda/fixed-broadband-hhi--nation","metricLabel":"Residential fixed broadband National HHI","metricValue":"1,501","detail":"Q11 / Geography / 2024","status":"increased / verified","year":2024,"color":"#65a30d","searchText":"fixed-broadband-hhi:nation what provider-share, technology, speed-tier, entry, and geographic composition changes explain the rise in national hhi while median subnational hhis declined? u.s. fixed broadband connections fixed-broadband-hhi residential fixed broadband national hhi geographic structure reconcile national and nested geographic concentration summaries with area-level distributions, provider or ownership paths, measurement boundaries, and local-market evidence. united states moved from hhi 1,195 in dec 2023 to 1,501 in dec 2024 (+306 hhi points). the december 2024 national hhi is higher than its december 2023 anchor. this geographic summary does not define a legal broadband market or identify why provider shares changed. area-level provider connection shares behind the national or median geographic hhi path. full state, county, or tract hhi distributions so movement in the median is not mistaken for a uniform shift. technology, speed-tier, entry, exit, acquisition, and subscriber-mix records for both annual anchors. local product, geographic, pricing, quality, switching, and availability evidence before treating a reporting area as an antitrust market.","connectionCount":2,"x":542.256,"y":333.572,"distance":1,"radius":11,"labelVisible":true},{"id":"question:fixed-broadband-hhi:county-median","kind":"question","label":"Which areas and provider-share changes account for movement in the county median, and how wide is the distribution hidden by the median?","shortLabel":"Median county: Residentia...","description":"Median county moved from HHI 5,356 in Dec 2023 to 4,599 in Dec 2024 (-757 HHI points). The December 2024 county median is lower than its December 2023 anchor. This geographic summary does not define a legal broadband market or identify why provider shares changed.","href":"/research/agenda/fixed-broadband-hhi--county-median","metricLabel":"Residential fixed broadband County median","metricValue":"4,599","detail":"Q08 / Geography / 2024","status":"decreased / verified","year":2024,"color":"#65a30d","searchText":"fixed-broadband-hhi:county-median which areas and provider-share changes account for movement in the county median, and how wide is the distribution hidden by the median? median county fixed-broadband-hhi residential fixed broadband county median geographic structure reconcile national and nested geographic concentration summaries with area-level distributions, provider or ownership paths, measurement boundaries, and local-market evidence. median county moved from hhi 5,356 in dec 2023 to 4,599 in dec 2024 (-757 hhi points). the december 2024 county median is lower than its december 2023 anchor. this geographic summary does not define a legal broadband market or identify why provider shares changed. area-level provider connection shares behind the national or median geographic hhi path. full state, county, or tract hhi distributions so movement in the median is not mistaken for a uniform shift. technology, speed-tier, entry, exit, acquisition, and subscriber-mix records for both annual anchors. local product, geographic, pricing, quality, switching, and availability evidence before treating a reporting area as an antitrust market.","connectionCount":2,"x":501.198,"y":366.314,"distance":1,"radius":11,"labelVisible":true},{"id":"question:fixed-broadband-hhi:state-median","kind":"question","label":"Which areas and provider-share changes account for movement in the state median, and how wide is the distribution hidden by the median?","shortLabel":"Median state: Residential...","description":"Median state moved from HHI 2,994 in Dec 2023 to 2,937 in Dec 2024 (-57 HHI points). The December 2024 state median is lower than its December 2023 anchor. This geographic summary does not define a legal broadband market or identify why provider shares changed.","href":"/research/agenda/fixed-broadband-hhi--state-median","metricLabel":"Residential fixed broadband State median","metricValue":"2,937","detail":"Q09 / Geography / 2024","status":"decreased / verified","year":2024,"color":"#65a30d","searchText":"fixed-broadband-hhi:state-median which areas and provider-share changes account for movement in the state median, and how wide is the distribution hidden by the median? median state fixed-broadband-hhi residential fixed broadband state median geographic structure reconcile national and nested geographic concentration summaries with area-level distributions, provider or ownership paths, measurement boundaries, and local-market evidence. median state moved from hhi 2,994 in dec 2023 to 2,937 in dec 2024 (-57 hhi points). the december 2024 state median is lower than its december 2023 anchor. this geographic summary does not define a legal broadband market or identify why provider shares changed. area-level provider connection shares behind the national or median geographic hhi path. full state, county, or tract hhi distributions so movement in the median is not mistaken for a uniform shift. technology, speed-tier, entry, exit, acquisition, and subscriber-mix records for both annual anchors. local product, geographic, pricing, quality, switching, and availability evidence before treating a reporting area as an antitrust market.","connectionCount":2,"x":450,"y":378,"distance":1,"radius":11,"labelVisible":true},{"id":"question:fixed-broadband-hhi:tract-median","kind":"question","label":"Which areas and provider-share changes account for movement in the tract median, and how wide is the distribution hidden by the median?","shortLabel":"Median census tract: Resi...","description":"Median census tract moved from HHI 5,859 in Dec 2023 to 5,504 in Dec 2024 (-355 HHI points). The December 2024 tract median is lower than its December 2023 anchor. This geographic summary does not define a legal broadband market or identify why provider shares changed.","href":"/research/agenda/fixed-broadband-hhi--tract-median","metricLabel":"Residential fixed broadband Tract median","metricValue":"5,504","detail":"Q07 / Geography / 2024","status":"decreased / verified","year":2024,"color":"#65a30d","searchText":"fixed-broadband-hhi:tract-median which areas and provider-share changes account for movement in the tract median, and how wide is the distribution hidden by the median? median census tract fixed-broadband-hhi residential fixed broadband tract median geographic structure reconcile national and nested geographic concentration summaries with area-level distributions, provider or ownership paths, measurement boundaries, and local-market evidence. median census tract moved from hhi 5,859 in dec 2023 to 5,504 in dec 2024 (-355 hhi points). the december 2024 tract median is lower than its december 2023 anchor. this geographic summary does not define a legal broadband market or identify why provider shares changed. area-level provider connection shares behind the national or median geographic hhi path. full state, county, or tract hhi distributions so movement in the median is not mistaken for a uniform shift. technology, speed-tier, entry, exit, acquisition, and subscriber-mix records for both annual anchors. local product, geographic, pricing, quality, switching, and availability evidence before treating a reporting area as an antitrust market.","connectionCount":2,"x":398.802,"y":366.314,"distance":1,"radius":11,"labelVisible":true},{"id":"question:state-bank-median-hhi","kind":"question","label":"Which state-specific paths, ownership-reporting changes, branch-booking patterns, entry, exit, or consolidation events account for movement beneath the cross-sectional median?","shortLabel":"Statewide branch-deposit...","description":"The annual 51-jurisdiction median branch-deposit HHI moved from 958 in 2015 to 903 in 2025 (-55.0 HHI points). The later branch-deposit screen is lower than the 2015 anchor. This descriptive movement does not define a legal banking market, identify a cause, or measure every banking product.","href":"/research/agenda/state-bank-median-hhi","metricLabel":"Median statewide bank-deposit HHI","metricValue":"903","detail":"Q10 / Geography / 2025","status":"decreased / estimated public","year":2025,"color":"#65a30d","searchText":"state-bank-median-hhi which state-specific paths, ownership-reporting changes, branch-booking patterns, entry, exit, or consolidation events account for movement beneath the cross-sectional median? statewide branch-deposit screens state-bank-median-hhi median statewide bank-deposit hhi geographic structure reconcile national and nested geographic concentration summaries with area-level distributions, provider or ownership paths, measurement boundaries, and local-market evidence. the annual 51-jurisdiction median branch-deposit hhi moved from 958 in 2015 to 903 in 2025 (-55.0 hhi points). the later branch-deposit screen is lower than the 2015 anchor. this descriptive movement does not define a legal banking market, identify a cause, or measure every banking product. annual state and national branch-deposit rows using the same ownership-grouping and june 30 vintage rules. state-level organization, branch, leading-share, and nominal-deposit paths beneath the aggregate movement. ownership-reporting, branch-booking, entry, exit, acquisition, divestiture, and charter records for large state changes. local product and geographic evidence before treating any statewide or county screen as an antitrust market.","connectionCount":2,"x":357.744,"y":333.572,"distance":1,"radius":11,"labelVisible":true},{"id":"report:rep-us-competition-landscape-2026","kind":"report","label":"The U.S. Competition Landscape","shortLabel":"The U.S. Competition La...","description":"A national briefing that aligns defined-market signals, industry structure, state and local geographic concentration screens, merger activity, and enforcement records without collapsing their different scopes.","href":"/reports/us-competition-landscape-2026","metricLabel":"Evidence sources","metricValue":"14","detail":"8 linked markets","status":"published","year":2026,"color":"#6366f1","searchText":"the u.s. competition landscape state of competition 2026: five evidence systems, no single score a national briefing that aligns defined-market signals, industry structure, state and local geographic concentration screens, merger activity, and enforcement records without collapsing their different scopes. a source-backed state-of-competition briefing across markets, industries, state systems, local banking screens, mergers, and enforcement, with every system kept in its own analytical universe. 2022 and 2017 u.s. economic census industry concentration tables, usda ers historical meatpacking cr4, kff 2024 state individual-market hhi, fdic 2025 statewide and county summary of deposits screens, the fy2025 ftc/doj hsr report, and source-backed market and enforcement records.","connectionCount":26,"x":334.959,"y":286.257,"distance":1,"radius":11,"labelVisible":false},{"id":"report:rep-housing-data-gap","kind":"report","label":"Housing Competition Needs Local Ownership Data","shortLabel":"Housing Competition Nee...","description":"An open brief explaining why housing affordability and supply stress require local competition data before HHI can be responsibly reported.","href":"/reports/housing-competition-data-gap","metricLabel":"Evidence sources","metricValue":"4","detail":"1 linked market","status":"published","year":2026,"color":"#6366f1","searchText":"housing competition needs local ownership data source-backed housing profile note an open brief explaining why housing affordability and supply stress require local competition data before hhi can be responsibly reported. explains why the housing profile reports public stress signals while withholding hhi pending local firm-level ownership and rental market-share data. harvard jchs renter cost-burden data, freddie mac supply-shortage estimate, gao selected single-family rental investor ownership data, and ftc/doj roll-up inquiry materials.","connectionCount":7,"x":334.959,"y":233.743,"distance":1,"radius":11,"labelVisible":false},{"id":"report:rep-fixed-broadband-geography","kind":"report","label":"Fixed Broadband Concentration Across Geographic Scales, 2020-2024","shortLabel":"Fixed Broadband Concent...","description":"A source-backed research brief on nine FCC fixed-broadband reporting periods, the divergent paths of national and subnational median HHI, and the public evidence needed to move from geographic screens to mechanisms and outcomes.","href":"/reports/fixed-broadband-geographic-concentration-2020-2024","metricLabel":"Evidence sources","metricValue":"1","detail":"1 linked market","status":"published","year":2026,"color":"#6366f1","searchText":"fixed broadband concentration across geographic scales, 2020-2024 national hhi rose while median state, county, and census-tract concentration fell a source-backed research brief on nine fcc fixed-broadband reporting periods, the divergent paths of national and subnational median hhi, and the public evidence needed to move from geographic screens to mechanisms and outcomes. a four-scale fcc concentration history showing why a rising national hhi and falling subnational medians must be read together without converting them into one market. federal communications commission internet access services figure 5, covering nine semiannual reporting periods from december 2020 through december 2024 for residential fixed connections meeting the 100/20 mbps threshold. the packet preserves the national hhi and medians of separately calculated state, county, and census-tract hhis as distinct geographic summaries.","connectionCount":4,"x":357.744,"y":186.428,"distance":1,"radius":11,"labelVisible":false},{"id":"report:rep-state-individual-insurance","kind":"report","label":"State Individual Insurance Concentration, 2024","shortLabel":"State Individual Insura...","description":"A source-backed research brief mapping the 2024 KFF state concentration cross-section for the ACA-regulated individual health insurance market, including HHI, leading-insurer share, rival depth, regional variation, and the public evidence needed for stronger competition analysis.","href":"/reports/state-individual-insurance-concentration-2024","metricLabel":"Evidence sources","metricValue":"1","detail":"1 linked market","status":"published","year":2026,"color":"#6366f1","searchText":"state individual insurance concentration, 2024 highly concentrated readings appear in 36 of 51 jurisdictions a source-backed research brief mapping the 2024 kff state concentration cross-section for the aca-regulated individual health insurance market, including hhi, leading-insurer share, rival depth, regional variation, and the public evidence needed for stronger competition analysis. a 51-jurisdiction kff concentration cross-section showing where high hhi, leading-insurer share, and thin rival depth coincide, with every result bounded to the 2024 aca individual market. kff 2024 individual insurance market competition data for the 50 states and district of columbia, including source-reported hhi, leading-insurer share, and the count of insurers with more than 5 percent of each jurisdiction's aca-regulated individual market.","connectionCount":4,"x":398.802,"y":153.686,"distance":1,"radius":11,"labelVisible":false},{"id":"report:insight-geographic-screen-divergence","kind":"report","label":"Geographic concentration screens point in different directions at different scales.","shortLabel":"Geographic screens","description":"Six FCC and FDIC comparisons retain their own geography, ownership rule, reporting universe, and time interval. FCC broadband summaries and FDIC branch-deposit screens use different sectors, units, ownership rules, and periods. Their directions are not combined into a geographic competition index.","href":"/insights/geographic-concentration-screen-divergence","metricLabel":"Exact signals","metricValue":"6","detail":"AR-CI-2026-04 / Domain readout","status":"current insight","year":2026,"color":"#6366f1","searchText":"geographic concentration screens point in different directions at different scales. geographic screens six fcc and fdic comparisons retain their own geography, ownership rule, reporting universe, and time interval. broadband geographies domain readout ar-ci-2026-04 five screens moved lower and one moved higher. across 6 exact latest-to-prior rows, 1 increased, 5 decreased. that split spans two public systems and two unequal observation windows. the national fixed-broadband hhi rose while three geographic medians fell. united states moved from hhi 1,195 in dec 2023 to 1,501 in dec 2024 (+306 hhi points). median state moved from hhi 2,994 in dec 2023 to 2,937 in dec 2024 (-57 hhi points). median county moved from hhi 5,356 in dec 2023 to 4,599 in dec 2024 (-757 hhi points). median census tract moved from hhi 5,859 in dec 2023 to 5,504 in dec 2024 (-355 hhi points). national and median-state branch-deposit screens both moved lower over 2015-2025. the national branch-deposit hhi moved from 410 in 2015 to 401 in 2025 (-9.0 hhi points). the annual 51-jurisdiction median branch-deposit hhi moved from 958 in 2015 to 903 in 2025 (-55.0 hhi points). median census tract residential fixed broadband tract median median county residential fixed broadband county median median state residential fixed broadband state median statewide branch-deposit screens median statewide bank-deposit hhi u.s. fixed broadband connections residential fixed broadband national hhi united states branch-deposit screen national bank-deposit hhi","connectionCount":3,"x":450,"y":84,"distance":1,"radius":11,"labelVisible":false},{"id":"report:rep-state-banking-structure","kind":"report","label":"State Banking Structure, 2015-2025","shortLabel":"State Banking Structure...","description":"A source-backed research brief on eleven annual FDIC statewide branch-deposit screens, the changing geography beneath stable national aggregates, and the limits of statewide concentration measures.","href":"/reports/state-banking-structure-2015-2025","metricLabel":"Evidence sources","metricValue":"1","detail":"0 linked markets","status":"published","year":2026,"color":"#6366f1","searchText":"state banking structure, 2015-2025 stable national concentration can coexist with large state-level shifts a source-backed research brief on eleven annual fdic statewide branch-deposit screens, the changing geography beneath stable national aggregates, and the limits of statewide concentration measures. shows how a nearly unchanged national hhi can coexist with large state-level movements, classification turnover, and declining branch and organization counts. fdic annual summary of deposits branch records for 2015-2025, independently grouped to the reported top bank holding company when available and otherwise to the insured institution.","connectionCount":3,"x":602.42,"y":348,"distance":1,"radius":11,"labelVisible":false},{"id":"report:insight-fixed-broadband-scale-divergence","kind":"report","label":"National fixed-broadband HHI rose while three geographic medians fell.","shortLabel":"Broadband scales","description":"One FCC release provides a useful scale comparison, but the national value and medians of area-level HHIs remain different summary statistics. The state, county, and tract rows are medians of separate area HHIs, not components that average to the national HHI. Reporting geographies are screening units, not presumed legal broadband markets.","href":"/insights/fixed-broadband-scale-divergence-2024","metricLabel":"Exact signals","metricValue":"4","detail":"AR-CI-2026-05 / Focused note","status":"current insight","year":2026,"color":"#6366f1","searchText":"national fixed-broadband hhi rose while three geographic medians fell. broadband scales one fcc release provides a useful scale comparison, but the national value and medians of area-level hhis remain different summary statistics. broadband geographies focused note ar-ci-2026-05 the national connection-share summary moved higher. united states moved from hhi 1,195 in dec 2023 to 1,501 in dec 2024 (+306 hhi points). all three published area medians moved lower. median state moved from hhi 2,994 in dec 2023 to 2,937 in dec 2024 (-57 hhi points). median county moved from hhi 5,356 in dec 2023 to 4,599 in dec 2024 (-757 hhi points). median census tract moved from hhi 5,859 in dec 2023 to 5,504 in dec 2024 (-355 hhi points). the apparent divergence is a research question, not a contradiction. national concentration and the median of local concentration distributions can move differently when provider shares, coverage, entry, technology, or the distribution of area-level values changes. the release does not by itself identify which mechanism dominates. median census tract residential fixed broadband tract median median county residential fixed broadband county median median state residential fixed broadband state median u.s. fixed broadband connections residential fixed broadband national hhi","connectionCount":2,"x":297.58,"y":348,"distance":1,"radius":11,"labelVisible":false}],"rows":[{"id":"topic-issue:geographic-competition:communications-infrastructure","layer":"research","relationshipType":"topic_issue","relationshipLabel":"Declared issue-program membership","fromId":"topic:geographic-competition","fromKind":"topic","fromLabel":"Geographic Competition","fromHref":"/research/topics/geographic-competition","toId":"issue:communications-infrastructure","toKind":"issue","toLabel":"Communications infrastructure","toHref":"/issues/communications-infrastructure","evidenceLabel":"Research topic issue contract","evidenceDetail":"Communications infrastructure is explicitly included in the Geographic Competition institutional research contract.","sourceId":null,"sourceUrl":null,"confidenceLevel":"bounded","indicatorId":null,"entityCode":null,"observationCount":null,"firstYear":null,"latestYear":null,"preferredView":null,"sourceIds":null,"guardrail":"A topic-to-issue link records one declared institutional membership. 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